东北育才学校：赵志强
Unit 11 Scientific Achievements
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. likely adj. 很可能的,预期的
John is likely to be in London this autumn.
今年秋天约翰可能在伦敦。
It is likely that the main lecturer will be late. 主讲人很可能迟到。
2. overseas adv.1. 在(或向)海外;在(或向)国外
Studying overseas is very popular now. 在国外学习很流行。
adj. (在)海外的;(在)国外的
an overseas market 国外市场
3. rely on 依靠，依赖
You can't rely on the weather. 这天气可靠不住。
You may rely on me to help you. 你可以信赖我会帮助你的。
4. locate vt .把...设置在,使...坐落于,找出…的位置
The company located its branch office in the suburbs.该公司把它的分公司设在郊区。
The museum is located on Main Street. 博物馆位于梅茵街。
The police are trying to locate the missing man. 警方正设法查明那个失踪者的下落。
5. announce vt.宣布,发布
The vote was completed. The chairman announced the result.
投票完毕。主席宣布了结果。
6. have …in common 共同的;共有的
Those two have something in common.两者有共同之处。
Unit 12 Fact and Fantasy
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. voyage n. 航海,航行, 太空旅行
The voyage from America to France used to take two months. 从美国到法国的航行过去要花二个月时间。
2. throw light upon 阐明某事，使某事显得非常清楚
Their discovery throw new light upon an old scientific controversy. 他们的发现阐明了一个古老的科学争论。
3. hesitate vi. 踌躇;犹豫
Don't hesitate about that. Do it at once.
对于那件事不要再犹豫了。马上去做吧。
4. horror n. 恐怖,震惊,毛骨悚然
She sat motionlessly with horror.
她惊恐地呆坐着。
Adj. 引起恐怖的
Children should not see the horror movie. 儿童不该看恐怖电影。
5. remind vt. 提醒;使想起（常用搭配：remind sb of sth, remind sb to do sth, remind sb that）
I reminded Gerald of his promise. 我提醒吉罗德他曾许下的诺言。
6. consider vt. 考虑,细想(常用搭配：consider doing sth)
We're considering moving to Seattle. 我们考虑搬往西雅图。
认为;把...视为 (常用搭配：consider sb/sth to be /as….)
Jean considered herself (to be) very lucky.
琼认为自己非常幸运。
7. set up, set out, set off
Set up 建立 set out 出发,开始 set off 出发去
A new government was set up after the war.新政府于战后成立。
They set out at dawn. 他们黎明时分出发。
They set off for Denver. 他们出发去丹佛。
Unit 13 The Water Planet
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. benefit n.利益,好处;优势
The new hospital will be a great benefit to the town.
新建成的医院将给全城带来莫大好处。
vt. 对...有益,有益于
The sea air will benefit you. 海边的空气对你有益。
vi. 得益,受惠（常用搭配：benefit from…）
We benefited greatly by this frank talk. 这次坦率的谈话使我们获益匪浅。
2. available adj. 可用的,在手边的;可利用的
The swimming pool is available only in summer.
这个游泳池只在夏天开放。
3. range vi. 平行; 列成一行,绵亘, 延伸
The shabby houses used to range along the road. 过去这路边破败的房子排成行。
The road ranges westward from the lake. 这条路由湖边向西延伸。
(在一定范围内) 变动, 变化
The temperature ranges between 30 and 40 degrees centigrade. 温度在摄氏三十度与四十度之间。
4. take advantage of利用, 欺骗;占...的便宜
He took advantage of the good weather to go for a walk.
他趁着天气好,出去散散步。
He has always been taking advantage of me. 他老是占我的便宜。
5. survive . vt. 在...之后仍然生存,从...中逃生
Only two passengers survived the air-crash. 这次飞机失事只有两名乘客幸免于死。
vi. 活下来,幸存;残留
Few survived after the flood. 洪水后极少有人生还。
6. incredible 不能相信的,不可信的,难以置信的
The plot of the book is incredible. 这本书的情节叫人难以相信。
7. dissolve vt./vi. 分解 . (使)溶解;(使)融化
Water dissolves salt. 水溶解盐。
Sugar dissolves in water. 糖溶于水。
8. medium手段,工具
English is not the usual medium of instruction in our school.英语不是我校通常使用的教学语言。
新闻媒介,传播媒介
A good deal of adult education is accomplished by the mass media.成人教育的相当一部分是由大众传播媒介完成的。
Unit 14 Freedom Fighters
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. join vt. 参加;作...的成员
I'll persuade him to join our club.我将劝他加入我们的俱乐部。
连结;使结合
He joined the two pieces of wood together with glue.他用胶水将这两块木料粘在一起。
2. forbid vt. 禁止,不许 (常用搭配：forbid doing, forbid sb to do )
The new law forbids smoking in offices.新法律禁止在办公室抽烟。
Their father forbade them to go.他们的父亲禁止他们去。
3. set an example to 树立榜样
She arrived at the office early to set an example to
the others. 她很早就来到办公室,作为他人的表率。
4. boycott vt. 联合抵制;拒绝参加(或购买等);
They boycotted the meeting. 他们拒绝参加那个会议。
n.联合抵制;拒绝参加
We put the production under a boycott. 我们联合抵制该商品。
5. inspire vt.鼓舞,激励,驱使,赋予...灵感,给...以启示
His speech inspired us to try again. 他的演讲鼓舞了我们再作尝试。
The beautiful scenery inspired the composer. 美丽的景色使作曲家灵思泉涌。
6. believe in 与believe 的区别
Believe in : 信任； believe : 相信
I don't believe a single word he
says. 他的话我一句也不信。
We believe in him. 我们信任他。
7. judge vt. 裁判;评定;裁决
You can't judge a book by its cover. 你不能根据封面来评价一本书。
Judging by/from what he said, he seems to have interviewed the chairman. 根据他所说的判断，他似乎已经会见过主席了。
8. act vt.扮演
He acted Othello at the Royal Theater that evening. 那天晚上他在皇家剧院扮演奥赛罗。
vi. 行动, 举止,表现
We should act immediately. 我们应该立即行动。
I don't think she acted right. 我认为她做得欠妥。
语法快递 复习被动语态
被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，如：A new swimming pool will be built on our school.
被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称，数，时态和语气的不同而变化。各种时态的被动语态形式如下：
1. 一般现在时 am/is/are+V(p.p)
人们利用电能运转机器。Electricity is used to run machines.
2. 一般过去时 was/were + V(p.p)
昨天我们在山坡上种了许多树。Many trees were planted on the hill yesterday.
3. 一般将来时 will/shall +be+V(p.p)
下星期我们将举行一场运动会。A sports meeting will be held next week.
4. .过去将来时 should/would +be+V(p.p)
他告诉我们人们将在他家乡建一个大水坝。We were told that a big reservoir would be built in his hometown.
Unit 15 Destinations
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. phenomenon 现象 （复数形式是：phenomena）
The employment problem tends to be a city phenomenon.
就业问题常常是一个城市现象。
2. get tired of 对。。。感到厌倦；对。。。失去兴趣
I’ve got tired of listening to your criticisms. 我厌烦了每天听你的批评。
3. guarantee n. 保证;商品保证;保证书
The TV set has a year's guarantee. 这架电视机有一年的保修期。
vt. . 保证;担保
Perfect satisfaction is guaranteed to our customers. 保证我们的顾客完全满意。
4. budget n 预算;预算费;生活费,经费
It is essential to balance one's budget. 量入为出是很重要的。
vt. 把...编入预算;按照预算来计划
The school budgeted one million dollars for a new library. 学校编列了一百万美元建新图书馆的预算。
5. sight n.视觉,视力，视界,视域，看见,目睹，景色 名胜
I'll have my sight tested tomorrow. 我明天去检查视力。
Victory is in sight. 胜利在望。
The girl dreaded the sight of snakes.那女孩害怕看到蛇。
You cannot understand a person at first sight. 你不能第一次见面就了解一个人。
6. scene、scenery、sight和view 的异同
scene、scenery、sight和view 都有景象的含义。
scene指展现在眼前的情景，也可以指scenery的一部分，大多包括景物中的人及活动在内。如：The scene after the earthquake was horrible.地震后的场景十分可怕。scenery指某地总的自然风景或景色，尤指美丽的乡间景色。如：The scenery as one travels by boat along the Changjiang Three Gorges is marvelous.坐船游览长江三峡的时候，两岸的风景美不胜收。sight则既可以指场景、眼前看到的景观，又可以指名胜、风景，只是在表示后者的含义时，必须要用复数。如：a sad sight悲惨的场景see the historical sights of London游览伦敦的名胜古迹。它与view或者scenery最大的不同就在于当sight指景物时，多指某的特有的名胜。view常指从远处或高处看到的scenery的一部分，有时可与scene互换。如：The mountain hotel offered magnificent views.从山间旅行社可以看到壮丽的景观。
6. a variety of种种 （也可以写成：varieties of）
He has a variety of interests. 他有多种爱好。
7. prefer vt.宁可,宁愿(选择);更喜欢（常用搭配：prefer to do sth, prefer doing sth, prefer to do sth rather than do sth, prefer doing sth to doing sth）
I prefer the quiet countryside to the noisy cities. 我喜欢安静的乡村胜过喧闹的城市。
I prefer to travel to different places rather than stay at home peacefully. 我喜欢到不同的地方旅行，而不是平静地呆在家里。
Unit 16 The United States of America
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. aim vt. 把...瞄准;把...对准掷向[(+at)]
He aimed the gun at the door. 他把枪对准那扇门。
vi. 瞄准,对准，致力于, (常用搭配：aim at aim to do sth)
The hunter aimed at the lion and fired. 猎人瞄准了狮子开火。
We aim at doubling our production. 我们的目标是将生产增加一倍。
n.目标,目的
It is now our aim to set up a factory. 我们现在的目的是创办一座工厂。
2. vain a. 爱虚荣的,自负的,炫耀的
She is vain and extravagant. 她既爱虚荣又奢侈。
徒然的,无益的
They made vain attempts to reach the mountaintop.
他们几次徒然尝试想攀登山顶。
in vain 无结果，徒然
All our work was in vain. 我们的工作全都白干了。
3. insist vt. 坚持;坚决认为
She insisted that he was wrong. 她坚持认为他错了。
vt. 坚决主张;坚决要求
Jane insisted that he be present. 珍坚持要他出席。
vi.. 坚持,坚决认为;强调
He insisted on/upon my going with him. 他坚持要我跟他一起去。
I insist on seeing it. 我一定要见到它。
4. clothing n. (总称)衣服,衣着
Our clothing protects us from the cold. 衣服帮我们御寒。
Clothing, clothes, cloth，dress的区别：
cloth是物质名词，意为"布"，没有复数形式，而clothing是指衣物的总称，也没有复数形式。clothes是指衣服，但没有单数形式，如：
This clothing is needed in warm countries.在温暖的国家需要这种服装。
Her clothes are made of fine cloth. 他的衣服是由高质量的布制成。
英文中的dress则指较正规的服装，如：a school dress 校服，an evening dress晚礼服。
5 in turn 转而，反过来，轮流
The girls called out their names in turn. 女孩们逐个报出自己的名字。
Listening to English as much as possible can improve one’s hearing, which in turn can improve his speaking. 尽可能多听英语可以提高听力能力，转而提高口语能力。
6 have an effect on 对。。。有影响
As is known to all, pollution has a bad effect on the city. 众所周知，污染对城市有坏影响。
Unit 17 Disabilities
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. ability n. 能力;才能(常用搭配：ability to do sth)
She did the work to the best of her ability. 她已尽了力去做那件工作了。
2. gifted a.有天资的,有天赋的
He is a gifted athlete.他是个有天赋的运动员。
3. adjust to vt. 调节;改变...以适应 ,校准;调整
She must learn to adjust herself to English life. 她必须学会适应英国的生活。
vi. 适应(常用搭配：adjust to sth)
Astronauts in flight must adjust to weightlessness. 宇航员在飞行中得适应失重状态。
4. get used to 习惯于
She is used to hard work.
她习惯于艰苦工作。
注意：在be/get used to 句型中，to 是介词，所以后面一定要用名词或动词的-ing 形式。
5. sense 意识，观念，感官，官能
She has no sense of time. 她没有时间观念。
Your brother has a good sense of humor. 你兄弟很有幽默感。
6. participate vi.参加,参与（常用搭配：participate in）
No professionals participated in the contest. 没有职业选手参加这一比赛。
7. potential adj. 潜在的,可能的
The dispute has scared away potential investors. 这一争端吓走了潜在的投资者。
n.可能性;潜力,潜能
She has acting potential, but she needs training. 她有表演潜力,但需要训练。
复习直接宾语和间接宾语
有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give给，pass递，bring带，show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea, please.
强调间接宾语顺序为：动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。如：Show this house to Mr. Smith.
若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。如：Bring it to me, please.
在间接宾语的前面，不同的动词用不同的介词，有的用to , 有的用for.常用to 的动词是：bring, give, hand, lend, mail pass, read, tell, send, show, sell, throw, write, teach 等。而常用for 的动词有：buy, cook, do, find, get, make等。
如：Hand the salt to me, please. 请把盐递给我。
She teaches English to advanced students. 她教高水平学生的英语。
She promised to lend some books to me. 她承诺要借我一些书。
Remember to write letters to me. 记得给我写信。
Unit 18 Inventions
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. allow vt. 允许,准许(常用搭配：allow doing sth, allow sb to do sth)
Swimming is not allowed at this beach. 这片海滩禁止游泳。
She allowed us to smoke. 她允许我们抽烟。
Allow for 顾及，为。。。做准备
We'd better start earlier. We should allow for traffic delays.
我们还是早些动身为好。我们要考虑到路上交通会有耽搁。
2. reject vt. 拒绝,抵制
The plan was rejected. 该计划遭拒绝。
3. stick n.棍,棒,杖;手杖
Grandpa still walks without a stick. 爷爷走路仍不拄拐杖。
vt. 粘贴;张贴 伸,伸出
They stuck the notice on the wall. 他们把通知贴在墙上。
Don't stick your head out of the train window. 不要把头伸出火车窗外面。
被...难住; 被困住
Have you got stuck over your algebra? 你的代数题做不下去了吧?
4. aware adj.知道的,察觉的 (常用搭配：be aware of, be aware+ that )
I am well aware that this is a tough job.
我深知这是一件棘手的工作。
She was not aware of having done wrong.
她没有意识到做错了事。
5. application n. 应用,适用;运用
Biology has practical applications. 生物学有实用性。
申请,请求;申请书
I made an application for a loan. 我申请一笔贷款。
6. strategy n. 战略;战略学
He is an expert in military strategy. 他是军事战略专家。
策略,计谋;对策
The government adopted a strategy of massive deflation. 政府采取了大规模紧缩通货的策略。
Unit 19 The Merchant of Venice
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. give up 放弃,戒绝
The girl gave up halfway.这女孩中途放弃。
I wish I could give up drinking.我真希望自己能戒酒。
2. may/might as well (强调的劝告)不妨;最好
You may as well stay here for a few days. 你最好在这里停留几天。
3. offer vt. 主动给予,提供;
He offered me a glass of wine. 他端给我一杯酒。
They offered to help me. 他们表示愿意帮助我。
He offered to lend me some books.
他表示要借给我几本书。
3. 出(价);开(价)
We offered him the calculator for US$50.
这计算器我们向他开价五十美元。
n. 提供,提议
Thank you for your kind offer of help. 感谢你想给予帮助的好意。
4. hope for 希望，盼望
Leaders hope for peace and stability in Iraq. 领导者希望伊拉克和平稳定。
5. envy n. 妒忌;羡慕vt. 妒忌;羡慕
She said it out of envy. 她出于嫉妒说了这话。
妒忌的对象;羡慕的目标
His talent is the envy of his colleagues. 他的同事都羡慕他的才能。
I envy you your good luck. 我羡慕你的好运。
6. versus prep. (法律和运动用语,常略作v.或vs.)对;对抗
The big match tonight is England versus Spain.
今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
Robinson versus Brown
鲁宾逊对布朗的诉讼
prep. 与...相对
the problem of mercy versus revenge
饶恕与复仇相抗衡的问题
Unit 20 Archaeology
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
1. date back to , date from 从。。开始，起源于，上溯到
The Sanxingdui site is said to date back to 5000 years ago.
三星堆遗址据说开始于５０００年前。
2. in terms of 就...而论;在...方面
In terms of money, he's quite rich, but not in terms of happiness.
就钱来说他很富有,但就幸福来说就不然了。
3. root n. (植物的)根; 根;根基;本质
These plants have very deep roots. 这些植物的根长得很深。
This is the root cause of poverty. 这是贫穷的根本原因。
vi.生根 根源在于,来源于
Some plants root easily. 有些植物容易生根成长。
The crime rooted in his greed for money. 这一犯罪行为起因于他对金钱的贪得无厌。
4. survive vt.. 在...之后仍然生存,从...中逃生
Only two passengers survived the air-crash. 这次飞机失事只有两名乘客幸免于死。
vi. 活下来,幸存;残留
Few survived after the flood. 洪水后极少有人生还。
5. serve as vt. 为...服务;为...服役，侍候(顾客等);供应(饭菜)，充当
Children must be educated to serve their country when they grow up.
必须教育孩子长大后为国家服务。
She served me a cup of coffee. 她给我端上一杯咖啡。
The room served as an operation room temporarily. 那间屋子临时充当手术室。
6. tend to vi. 1. 走向;趋向
Old people tend to get fat.
老年人容易发胖。
He tends towards selfishness.
他有自私自利的倾向。
7. proven a. 被证明的
Truth is something proven by experiment, so nothing should be taken for granted. 真理是要被实践证明的，所以没有什么东西可以想当然。
语法快递 it 用法
it的用法
（1）用作人称代词，代替前文提出到的无生命的事物，动植物、婴儿及指示代词this, that，如，
I have a new pen. It is beautiful. 我有一只新钢笔，它很好看。
The Browns have a new baby. It's cute. 布朗一家新生了一个小孩，很可爱。
（2）用来表示时间、天气、距离等，如，
It's twelve o'clock now. 现在12点了。
It's fine today. 今天天气很好。
语法总复习1----情态动词
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
复习情态动词
１．表示可能性的情态动词
may 和might用来推测现在“可能”，may 比might表示的可能性大些。may通常只用于陈述句中。例如：
--It may rain tomorrow. 明天可能下雨。
用may 表示“可能”一般不用于疑问句，在疑问句中通常用can表示。例如：
--Can they have missed the bus? --Yes, they may have.
他们可能错过了公共汽车吗？是的。
２．表示能力的情态动词
can可表示某人具有某种特定技巧、（潜在）能力或通过感官意识到某物。 could表示某人过去具有某种技巧、（潜在）能力或意识。
-Some people can ski better than others. 有些人滑雪比其他人好。
Everyone in the village could hear her voice. 村子里每个人都能听见她的声音。
be able to/be unable to不仅有现在时、过去时，还可有将来时、现在完成时、不定式、动词-ing形式等。例如：
Our baby will be able to walk in a few weeks. 我们的婴儿几周后就能走路了。
Since his accident he hasn’t been able to leave the house. 自从事故后，他就不能离开房子了。
３. 表示肯定推测的情态动词
must用于推测时，表示“一定”、“肯定”，表明说话人认为的可能性很大。一般只用于肯定陈述句中。否定形式用can’t，表示“一定不”“肯定不”
如： Oh, you must be Sylvia’s husband. 你一定是西尔薇亚的丈夫。
语法总复习2- - -被动语态
被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，如：A new swimming pool will be built on our school.
被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be随着主语的人称，数，时态和语气的不同而变化。各种时态的被动语态形式如下：
1. 一般现在时 am/is/are+V(p.p)
人们利用电能运转机器。Electricity is used to run machines.
2. 一般过去时 was/were + V(p.p)
昨天我们在山坡上种了许多树。Many trees were planted on the hill yesterday.
3. 一般将来时 will/shall +be+V(p.p)
下星期我们将举行一场运动会。A sports meeting will be held next week.
4. .过去将来时 should/would +be+V(p.p)
他告诉我们人们将在他家乡建一个大水坝。We were told that a big reservoir would be built in his hometown.
5. 现在进行时 am/is/are +being+V(p.p)
他正在油漆房子。A house is being painted.
6. 过去进行时 was/were +being+V(p.p)
当我进厨房时，她正在做蛋糕。A cake was being made when I came into the kitchen.
7. 现在完成时 have/has +been+V(p.p)
他已经结束工作了。He has finished his work. His work has been finished.
8. 过去完成时 had +been+V(p.p)
到上个月为止，他们已经把这本书翻译成了英语。
The book had been translated into English by the end of last month.
9. 将来完成时will have +been+V(p.p)
2,000 words will have been learned by the end of next year.
10. 带情态动词的被动语态 由情态动词+be+V(p.p)”构成。如：
The machine must be operated with care.
注意：主动形式表示被动意义的情况
Habits are easy to make but hard to break . (Habits是to make、to break的逻辑宾语 ) 。习惯容易养成，但很难改变。
She only has a small cold room to live in . (不定式所修饰的名词或代词是动词的宾语，而句子的主语也是不定式的逻辑主语时 ) 她只有一间寒冷的斗室可以容身。
The bike needs repairing ( = to be repaired在动词want、need、require等后面常用动名词表示被动含义，等于不定式的被动形式。) . 自行车需要修理了。
This novel is well worth reading. (worth后跟动名词主动形式表示被动)这本小说很值得阅读。
A big fire happened / took place / broke out last night . (不及物动词没有被动语态)
How sweet the music sounds ! （感官动词 用主动形式表示被意思。）
The book sells well . (write、read、sell、keep、prove、weigh、number、drink、wear、pay、wash、open常用主动形式表被动意义)这本书销路很好。
语法总复习3------非谓语动词
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
非谓语动词
动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词．
(一)不定式
不定式由“ to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“ not to do”．不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化．不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语．不定式的逻辑主语有时用“ for十名词或代词宾格”构成．
1．不定式的用法：
l)作主语． To see is to believe．眼见为实。
2)作宾语． He wanted to go． 他想走开。
I find it interesting to study work with him.我发现和他一起工作很有趣。
3)作宾语补足语． He asked me to do the work with him. 他请我和他一起工作。
4)作定语．I have some books for you to read． 我有一些书给你读。
5)作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件．
I came here to see you．我到这里来看你。(目的)
We were very excited to hear the news．我们听到消息非常兴奋。(原因)
He hurried to the school to find nobody there．他急忙去了学校，结果发现那里没有人。(结果)
To look at him, you would like him．如果你看见他，你会喜欢他。(条件)
6)作表语． My job is to help the patient．我的工作是帮助患者。
7)作独立成分．To tell the truth， I don’t agree with you. 说实话，我不同意你。
8)不定式与疑问词 who，which，when，where，how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等．例如：
He didn’t know what to say. 他不知道说什么。
（二）动词的ing 形式。
动词的ing 形式由动词十 ing构成;可作主语、宾语、表语和定语，状语，但是不可以做谓语。
It is no use arguing with him. 和他争辩是没有用的。（做主语）
He is fond of playing football．他迷恋足球。（做宾语）
Her job is teaching. 他的工作是教书。（做表语）
He has a reading room. 他有一间阅览室。（做定语）
Being a student，he was interested in books．作为一名学生，他对书感兴趣。（做状语）
Having studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the way very well．在大学学习了3年，他对道路很熟悉。（ing 的过去式做状语）