Lesson 61
Step 1 Lead-in
1. Check the homework exercises.
2. Show the students a map of the world. Ask them to tell the names of as many oceans and seas of the world as they know.
3. Look at the picture. Ask the students some questions about the picture, anf get the students to tell what they think is happening.
4. Teach some new words: seaside, bathe, etc.
Step 2 dialogue
1. Ask the students to read the dialogue and answer the questions: Where would Bruce like to go today? What do Bruce and Li Qun talk about? ( O the seaside; about the sea, holidays, jobs, Li Qun’s cousin.)
2. Help the students to guess the meaning of the new words: sailor, dive, drown, time.
3. Play the tape for the students to listen and follow.
4. Go through the dialogue briefly and make sure the students understand it.
Step 3 Language points
1.I wish we could go to the seaside today.
* wish后宾语从句中要用虚拟语气, 表示一种不可能实现的愿望. 宾语从句中的动词形式有三种情况: 如从句的谓语动词与主句的谓语动词同时发生,则用一般过去式; 若从句的谓语动词的动作先于主句的谓语动词的动作发生, 则用过去完成时态; 若从句的谓语动词表示将来， 则用过去将来时．
I wish she were able to pass the examination. (= But in fact she isn’t able to pass it.)
I wish I had her telephone number.
I wish you were a king and she were a queen.
We wish we had met her yesterday.
I wish I would work in the city when I grow up.
1. Pity we live so far from the sea.
* It is a pity that 表示遗憾，在口语中It is a和that 均可省略．
Pity you can’t swim. = It’s a pity that you can’t swim.
Pity thay can’t come and join us.
4. Sound like a good idea.
--- 省略句．完整的句子应为：It/That sounds a like a good idea.
--- sound 系动词，＂听起来＂之意，后接形容词，名词，介词短语．
Her sound sounds very sweat.
The story of his life sounds very interesting.
Your suggestion sounds like a reasonable one.
What he said sounded like a fairy tale.
2. Take a deep breath and I’ll time you.
--- take a deep breath = fill the lungs with air 深深地吸一口气
He took a deep breath and jumped into the water.
--- take breath 歇一歇，喘口气
After running they stopped to take breath.
--- time Vt. 计算或记录时间
To time a race is to see how long it takes.
He timed her as she swam a mile.
Step 4 Practice
1. Go through the phrases with the class. Point out the use of “were”. Then do a repetition drill with these phrases, paying attention to intonation.
2. Go through the instructions for the pairwork and check that the students understand the situation and what they have to do. Do a demonstration with a good student to show how to use the prompts. Take the role of B and start like this:
T: hello, … What’s the matter? You don’t look very happy.
S: No, I’m not very happy.
T: Why aren't you happy?
3. Do this demonstration dialogue two or three times with different students so that they get the idea of how the dialogue can develop. Take the role of B in one of these dialogues. Then put the students in pairs and get them to have a dialogue, changing roles when they have finished.
Step 5 workbook
1. For Ex.1, collect the answers from the class and write them on the Bb.
2. Pay special attention to the usage of wish in Ex. 2: I wish I went: I wish the weather were; I wish to spend.
3. After complete the sentences in Ex. 3, ask the students to translate them into Chinese.
Step 6 consolidation
Get a pair of students to act out the dialogue in front of the class. Or get the students to have their dialogues in pairs with their books shut.
Homework
Finish off all the Workbook exercises.
Lesson 62
Step 1 Revision
1. Ask the students to read and act out the dialogue.
2. Put the students in pairs and get them to have a dialogue with their books shut.
Step 2 presentation
1. Pre-reading discussion. Ask the students to discuss the questions, not reading the text book.
2. Allow the students enough time to read the texts and see if their answers and guesses were correct.
Step 3 Reading
Go through Ex. 1 and make sure the students know what to do. Let them read the whole passage carefully and choose the best answer to each question, working in pairs or small groups. Check the answers with whole class.
Step 4 Language points
1. Seen from space, the earth looks blue.
--- Seen from the plane, the houses look like tiny box.
Seen from the top of the hill, our school looks more beautiful.
2. This is because two thirds of the earth is made up of vast oceans.
--- make up: be part of 组成, 构成; be made up of 由… 构成, 由… 组成
These three stories make up the whole book. = The book is made up of the three stories.
The coat and the trousers make up a suit.
Thousands of parts make up the machine.
3. Little of the earth’s solid surface has been by humans, as much of it lies below the sea.
* as/ because
1) 均可表示原因合理由,但在语意上because 比as 强, because 常用于正式文体, as多用于日常谈话.如:
I did it because I like it.
2) 但回答why提出的问题时只能用bexause. 如:
--- Why don’t you do it now?
--- Because I am too busy.
3) because 前可以加simply, just, only,merely等词修饰,而as不能.
He was absent only because he was ill.
We beilive it simply because the teadher has said about it.
4) 在强调句It is (was)… that/who…中, 只能用because.
It was because he was ill that he didn’t go to school.
It was just because the teacher scolded him that left home.
4. Most of the oceans contain 35 parts of salt per thousand parts of water. That is 3.5% by weight.
* by weight, by按照,依据.
The package is charged by weight.
These workers are paid by the day, but we are paid by the month.
5. the Mediterranean
*在江河,湖泊,山川,海洋等名词前一般加定冠词,但当其作定语时,则可不用顶冠词.如:the Yangtse River, the West Lake, the Atlantic Ocean. Atlantic water, Yellow River water.
6. There is very little rain here, merely 60 mm in a year on average.
* on ( the average) 平均起来, 一般来说. 在句中作状语.
On average she receives 5 letters each day.
The price of apples is about four yuan per kg on the average.
These youths are on the average better educated than those in the marketplace.
* average adj. 平均的
The average age of students in Senior II is seventeen.
The average temperature in Wuhan during August can reach 39.
Step 5 Reading aloud
Play the tape of the pasage for the students to listen and follow. Play the tape of part of the passage again; this time the students listen and repeat. Pay attention to sentence stress in the longer sentence.
Step5 Note making
Part 4. Check that the students know what they have to do. The purpose of this activity is to ensure that every S makes an effort to re-read the texts and extract the relevant information. Get the students to complete this task individually, either in class or for homework. Answers can be checked at the beginning of the next lesson.
Answers:
1. name %
a. oceans 3.5
b. Mediterranean 3.7-3.9
c. Dead Sea 25
d. Great Salt Lake 27
3.
a. water temperature above 20
b. light
c. clear
d. depth of less than 60 metres
Step 6 Workbook
Ex.2. Before starting to do this exercise, make sure the students understand the meaning of the words in the box. Then pairwork.
Check the answers with the whole class. Get the students to read and translate the sentences into Chinese.
Homework
Read the passage in Lesson 62 again, and try to recite it.
Finish off all Workbook exercises and the not-making exercise in Part 4 of the students’ Book.
Lesson 63.
Step 1 Revision
1. Check the homework exercises.
3. Ask the students some questions about the previous text.
1) Which is the saltiest lake in the world?
2) Which is saltier--- the atlanticcccc or the Mediterranean?
3) Where can you find coral?
4) What plants keep sea water clean?
5) Why don’t you find coral near the mouths of rivers?
6) Where is the longest coral bed in the world?
7) Why is the Dead Sea called the Dead Sea?
Step 2 Preparation for reading
1. Get the students to look at the picture and tell what they can see.
1. Use the picture to teach the new words: sperm, whale, squid.
2. Ask the students to read the passage quickly and find out the answers to the question: which living things in the oceans are mentioned in the text?
Step 3 Reading comperhetion and discussion
1. Let students to read the passage again and discuss the questions of Part 2. Go through the answers with the students.
Answers:
1) Their blood contains a particular chemical to help them live in below-zero sea temperatures.
2) The sperm whale has teeth.
3) Small fish.
4) Squid.
5) It can dive to 1000 meters.
6) Its heart slows to half its normal speed, and the oil its head is probably cooled at the same time.
7) By using sound waves in the dark.
1. Do Ex. 1.
Step 4 Language points
1.; When it dives, its heart slows to half its normal speed.
* slow--- to become/make slower 减慢, 使……缓慢
Slow down before you reach the crossroads.
The train slowed its speed as it came near to the station.
The thick snow slowed our progress.
* cool, warm,
Please warm the milk.
The water is warming in the pot over the fire.
The rain has cooled the air.
Let your tea cool a little before you drink it.
1. The sperm whale therefore has to look for the squid using sound waves.
* using the sound waves = by using the sound waves
They crossed the river using small boats. George forced the door open, using all his strength.
They had to work slowly by using old type ploughs.
2. time
* Vt --- choose the time for, arrange the time of 选择……时机, 安排……的时间
He timed his journey so that he arrived before dark..
* Vi. --- measure the time taken by or for ( a race, runner, an action or event) 记录…….的时间, 计算时间.
The coach timed the students to see how many of them could finish running within the given time.
* n --- all the days of the past, present and future 时, 时间
Time and tide wait for no man.
* at a time 一次，同时 at that time在那时，在当时 once upon a time从前，以前 at all time总是，随时 at no time 决不，任何时候不 at any time随时，在任何时候 at one time一度，曾经 from time to time 不时，间或 all the time一直，始终 in no time立刻，很快 at times 有时from time to time in time on time.
3. drown vi.& vt.
* to die or kill by being under water for a long time
He fell in the water and was drowned.
A drowning man
He drowned the bas man.
Drown onself
* cover completely by water 淹没
the streets and houses were drowned by the floods.
The crops were drowned by the heavy rain.
construction n.
* being built 建设，建造
There are 2 new hotels near here under construction.
The new railway is still in the course of construction.
* being industry 建筑
My husband works in the construction industry.
4. beg v.
* beg for sth.; ask for sth. 乞求
He lives by begging.
He was so poor that he ahd to beg for his bread.
I beg your pardon.
* beg sb. to do sth.
I beg you not tell my mother about.
* beg sth. of sb.
He begged a favour of me.
5. merely --- only, simply
I merely asked his neme.
I said it merely as a joke.
He merely wants to know the truth.
6. float vi. Vt.
1) be held up in air, gas or on the surface of liquid
Wood floats on water.
A balloon floats across the sky.
2) cause to float
The boat was floated by the tide.
There wasn’t enough water to float ship.
7. make up
1) to male a story/ dialogue
2) Nine players make up a team.
The team is made up of 9 players.
8. come
1) 发芽
The seeds haven’t come up.
2) rise 上来，上升，抬头
He comes up for breath now and then.
3) 走来
He came up to me.
Step 5 Practice
1. Part 4. Teach the new words: treasure, beg. Read aloud the instruction. Do the first three items with the whole class. Then let the students work in pairs, writing in the words which have been left out. Go through the answers at the end.
1) I beg your pardon.
2) I haven’t seen you for ages.
3) I’m sorry to hear that.
4) Come this way, please.
5) Have you found the treasure?
6) Would you like some more tea?
7) It doesn’t matter.
8) It was a pity that you couldn’t come/
9) That sounds fine to me.
10) What terrible weather it is?
11) Have you ever been to the seaside? No, we can’t afford to go the seaside.
12) Don’t tell me the name of the sailor if you don’t want to tell me the name of the sailor.
13) I don’t think they have returned from the beach.
1. Part 5. Teach the new words: voyage, load. Read aloud the instructions. Do the firat item with the whole class. Then let the students work in pairs, crossing out the unnecessary words. Go through the answers at the end.
Step 5 Workbook
1. Ex.1is for consolidation. When checking the answers, get the students to read aloud each sentence, rather than just give A,B,C,D.
1. For Ex.2, do the first two sentences as an example. Then pairwork. When checking the answers, ask the students to read a sentence in the worbook, another students to give the answer without looking at the book.
2. Before doing Ex.3, revise the following words: deep, depth, long, lengh, metre, centimetre, kilometre, square metre, cubic meter. The allow the students some time to do the exercise in pairs. Check the answers with whole class.
Homework
Finish off the Workbook exercises. Do Ex.3 as written work.