1 These chopsticks are both delicious and environmentally friendly.这些筷子又好吃又环保。
点拨：friendly 除了表示“友好的，朋友般的”含义，还有“友善的，表示赞赏的，不反对的”含义。
e.g.1.A friendly argument on any disputes is beneficial to the further understanding of the mutual views.
对任何争端进行友好的辩论有助于进一步了解相互的观点。
e.g.3.It’s a government friendly to our interests.这是一个符合我们利益的政府。
2．throw away：1）抛弃，扔掉：作为无用而除去：threw away yesterday's newspaper.扔掉昨天的报纸
2）To fail to take advantage of:丧失，错过：未能利用：
threw away a chance to make a fortune.丧失赚大钱的机会
throw up：To vomit.呕吐
3 Are you tired of carrying around a heavy laptop computer?你厌倦了随身携带一个沉重的笔记本电脑了么？
点拨：tire作为动词，为使役动词，意思是“使某人劳累”。词组tire sb.of sth.是“使某人厌倦了某事”的意思。所以sb.be tired of sth./doing sth.意为“某人厌倦了某事/做某事”。
e.g.1.When a man is tired of London,he is tired of life.当一个人厌倦了伦敦的时候，他也就厌倦了生活。
e.g.2.I am tired of your stupid remarks.我听烦了你的蠢话。
拓展：sb.be tired of sth.意思是“某人厌烦了某事”，但是sb.be tired with sth.是“某人做某事累了”。因此，应从上下文中推断应该采用哪一个词组。
考题：-Do you like your new job as a shop assistant?
-Very much.But I am tired standing all day.
A.of B.with C.by D.about 答案：B
5 If you use our inflatable bike,you can simply let the air out and put your bike in a bag.
如果你使用了我们的可充气自行车，你可以非常简单地放出空气，把你的自行车放进书包里。
点拨：1）let out 在此为“放掉”的意思。
e.g.1.There seemed a man in the garden. Let the dog out.好像有个人在花园里，把狗放出来吧。
e.g.2.Let the air out of the balloon and put it into the plastic bag.释放气球中的空气,把它放在塑料袋里。
2）.let sth.out 还有“使知道；泄露”的含义:
e.g.Who let that story out?是谁泄露了消息?
3）.let sth.out 还有“放大（衣服）；增大（例如衣服的）尺寸”的意思
e.g.I want to let out a coat.我想放大一件外衣。
4）.let sth.out还有“出租（房屋等）”的意思
e.g.I want to live outside London.Do you know there is any house let out?
我想住在伦敦外面，你知道哪有出租的房屋吗？
6 How do they come up with ideas for new inventions?人们怎么会想出新发明的主意呢？
点拨：come up with 有两层含义
1.想出（计划、回答）；作出（反应）；产生
e.g.1.He couldn’t come up with an answer.他答不上来。
e.g.3.People can put ideas together in many ways and can come up with new ideas.
人们把各种主意用不同的方式组合在一起，形成一些新想法。
e.g.4.He first came up with the good idea of going to visit the factory.
他先想出了去参观工厂的好主意。
拓展：1.come up with 还有“赶上”的含义
e.g.We are making our efforts to come up with the advanced level.
我们在努力达到先进水平。
2.come up 有“显现；出现，提升，靠近”的含义
e.g.The question never came up.这个问题未从曾发生过。
e.g.The sun came up.太阳升起来了。
e.g.a general who came up from the ranks按等级晋升的将军
e.g.came up and said hello靠近并打招呼
3.come down的含义:传递；传给；减价
e.g.The song comes down to us from the 10th century.这首歌从10世纪一直传到我们这一代。
e.g.These legends came down to us from the 15th century.这些传说是从15世纪流传下来的。
e.g.I don’t think TV sets will come down this year,do you?我看今年电视机的价格不会跌,你看呢?
7 Instead,it seems that creative thinking,which is one of the most highly valued skills in society,is a matter of habits.
相反，创造力，这个在社会里被认作是最有价值的技能之一，似乎只是一种习惯的问题。
1)点拨：a matter of 此处用来表示“正常或经常的事情； 理所当然的事情”。
e.g.1.Answering the question is just a matter of using your intelligence.回答这个问题只不过要运用一下你的智慧。
e.g.2.To solve the problem is just a matter of time.要解决这个问题仅仅是个时间问题。
拓展：1.a matter of 还可以表示“大约，大概”的含义。
e.g.We only had to wait a matter of 10 minutes.我们大约只等了10分钟。
3.词组a matter of life or death 生死攸关的事情
4.a matter of opinion 看法不同的事情， 见仁见智的事情
5.as a matter of fact 事实上，实际上
2) highly high作副词的区别
Highly is describing how we think of something or someone. adv.
1）高度地；非常；极
a highly scientific approach高度科学性的方法
It is highly important for us to combine revolutionary sweep with practicalness.
"对我们来说,把革命气概和实际精神结合起来是很重要的。"
2）赞许地；优厚地；超乎寻常地
a highly paid official薪金优厚的官员
He spoke very highly of her.他高度赞扬了她。
Our department store has always been very highly commended.我们的百货商店一向受到高度赞扬。
He is highly estimated among his fellows.同事们对他的评价很高。
High: 1)At, in, or to a lofty position, level, or degree:（位置、水平高度、程度）高地：
saw a plane high in the sky; prices that had gone too high.看见高空中那架飞机；价格简直太高了
2)In an extravagant or luxurious way:挥霍地：以奢侈的、豪华的方式：
made a fortune and lived high.交了好运且生活奢华
3) value： vt. 估价；定价
He valued the ring at $80.他估计这枚戒指值80美元。
2）尊重；珍视I value your advice.我尊重你的劝告
8 To “think outside the box” is to try new ways to solve a problem.破旧立新的意思就是要用新方法解决问题。
点拨：此句型中的think outside the box 在此意思为解放思想，思维方式要突破陈规，破旧立新。另外，此句型中是由to think outside the box 不定式作主语，表语是to try new ways to solve a problem,这是因为作主语的动名词、 不定式有对称使用的特点。
e.g.1.眼见为实可以表示为Seeing is believing.或To see is to believe.
e.g.2.To know everything is to know nothing.样样皆通，样样稀松。
e.g.3.To respect the others is to be respected.尊重别人就是尊重自己。
e.g.4.To love nature is to love mankind itself.爱自然就是爱人类自己。
e.g.5.To teach is to learn.教即是学。
考题：It is better to lose one’s life than .
A.if you lose your spirit B.losing his spirit C.to lose one’s spirit D.your spirit getting lost 答案：C
9 Inventors often rephrase a problem to allow for creative solutions and also try“impossible ”or“crazy”solutions.
发明家们常常为了使用创造性的方法，或尝试一些不可能或疯狂的方法多次解决问题。
点拨：allow for有 “考虑；顾及；把某事算在内”的含义。
e.g.1.We must allow for his inexperience.我们必须考虑到他缺乏经验这一点。
e.g.2.It takes about two hours to get to their office building,allowing for possible traffic delays.
考虑到路上可能遇到的交通耽搁,到他们的办公大楼大约要花费两小时。
e.g.3.Allowing for the train being late,we should be back by 10:30.
把火车晚点考虑在内， 我们应该在十点半之前回来。
e.g.4.Allowing for wastage,the gas will last 3 weeks.留出损耗,这些汽油可以维持3周。
allows of： The poem allows of several interpretations.这首诗可以有好几种解释
比较：allow与permit
permit作动词用时相当于allow，用法相似。同是 allow/permit sb.to do与allow/permit doing sth.
与allow不同的是，它强调“得到上级或文件正式认可的允许”，意为“正式批准、许可”，比allow正式；allow所表示的允许，含有“听任、默许”之意。但在实际语言运用中的区别并不那么严格，在很多情况下可以交换使用。
e.g.1.I’ll visit him tomorrow if weather permits.如果天气条件许可，明天我要去拜访他。
e.g.2.Each student was allowed five minutes for free talk.每个学生被允许五分钟自由谈话。
e.g.3.Smoking is not permitted in this cinema.本电影院不许吸烟。
考题： is not allowed here. You are not allowed here.
A.To smoke B.Smoking C.To be smoking D.Having smoked 答案：BA
10 otherwise: adv.1)不同地
We were going to play football, but it was so hot that we decided to do otherwise.
我们原打算踢足球，可是天很热，我们就决定干别的了。
I was otherwise engaged last Sunday evening.
上星期天晚上我另外有约。;上星期天晚上我另外有事。
2)（在）其他方面
He is noisy, but otherwise a nice boy.他爱吵闹，但在其他方面倒是一个好孩子。
3)（在不同情况下）否则
We'll go early, otherwise we may not get a seat.我们得早一点去，不然就没有座位了。
I've got one more page to write; otherwise I've finished.我又多写了一页，不然的话已经完成了。
12 attempt:v attempt to do attempt +n
I attempted to read the entire novel in one sitting.我试图一次读完整本小说
We attempted the difficult maneuver without assistance.
我们尝试在没有外援的情况下完成复杂的特技动作
n She made an attempt to cook the dinner.她试着做这顿饭。Make an attempt on /at doing sth
13 If we look only for the correct answer and reject ideas that don’t provide a complete answer,we may get stuck.
如果我们仅仅去寻求正确的答案而否定了没有完整答案的想法，我们就会陷入困惑之中。
点拨：1.及物动词reject 后面通常接名词， 在此意思是拒绝接受，屈服。
e.g.1.He rejected their invitation point-blank.他直截了当地拒绝了他们的邀请。
e.g.2.We rejected his idea for a music club,and decided to have an art club instead.
我们没有采纳他关于成立音乐俱乐部的想法，而是决定成立艺术俱乐部。
reject还可以表示抛弃的含义。
e.g.The boy will feel rejected if you refuse to come.如果你拒绝来的话，那男孩会感到被抛弃的。
比较： resist vt., vi.抵抗；反抗；敌对 抵御；阻止
the power to resist disease抗拒疾病的能力
2)忍住；顶住She could hardly resist laughing。她真忍不住要笑。
I can't resist baked apples.我顶不住烤苹果的诱惑。
2.stuck 是stick 的过去式和过去分词，sb./sth.be stuck 在此表示某人、某物被难住;保持或变得静止；被固定、卡住、塞住或阻住。
e.g.1.We are late because we have been stuck in traffic for an hour.我们迟到了因为被卡在交通阻塞中达一个小时。
e.g.2.The door is stuck-I can’t open it. 门卡住了， 我打不开。
e.g.3.He was stuck in the mud and can’t move. 他陷在泥里，动不了。
比较：be stuck in 与be caught in, be trapped in 的侧重点不同。
be caught in 通常表示碰巧遇到暴风雨、交通阻塞等。
e.g.We were caught in a storm on the way home.我们在回家的路上碰巧遇到了暴风雨。
be trapped in 更强调被困在一个具体的空间内，或落入圈套。
e.g.She was trapped in the burning house.她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。
14 Creative thinking is a conscious effort to break away from old thought patterns in order to explore new possibilities. 创造性思考的作用是很明确的--破旧立新。
点拨：break away表示逃走；逃脱 break away from 表示摆脱某物， 从……中脱离开来
e.g.1.The robbery suspect broke away from the lockup.抢劫嫌疑犯从拘留所逃脱了。
e.g.2.Modern music like jazz has broken away from the old traditional rules.现代音乐如爵士乐摆脱了旧的传统规则。
拓展：break away 还可以表示“断裂；开裂”的含义
e.g.A large piece of ice broke away from the main block.一大块冰从整个大冰块上断裂开来。
15 Unfortunately,it is easy to limit the possibilities of a new idea by connecting it to only one area of our previous knowledge.很不幸，我们很容易把一个新的想法仅局限于我们先前知识的一个方面。
点拨：connect在此处表示连接或系在一起。搭配为 connect sth.to/with sth.
e.g.1.There is no reason to connect the two events. /There is no reason to connect the event to/with that one. 没有理由把这两件事联想在一起
拓展:还可以表示:用通讯工具联系或连接，搭配为connect sb.to sb.
e.g.1.Please connect me to the number in San Diego.请给我接圣地亚哥这个电话号码。
另外，connect 还可以作为不及物动词
e.g.2.Two streams connect to form a river.两条小溪汇流成一条大河。
名词为connection,词组 in connection with 表示“关于……，与……有关”。
e.g.Do you believe that there’s a connection between smoking and heart disease?你相信吸烟与心脏病有关系吗?
16 apply vt., vi. applied, applying
1) 请求；申请I want to apply for the job.我想申请这项工作。
2)应用；使用；适用to apply a nickname用绰号
The principle of diligence and frugality applies to all undertakings.勤俭节约的原则适用于一切事业。
3)涂，敷，抹Apply medicine to his wound.在他伤口上涂药。
A nurse is applying some medicine to his wound.有个护士正在给他的伤口敷药。
4)产生作用；有直接关系What I have said does not apply to you.我说的话与你无关。
This rule does not apply.这个规则不适用。
4)专心；集中精力apply oneself to专心从事，埋头于…
The new comer applied his mind to the job.新来的职员工作专心致志。
Students should apply themselves to their study.学生们应该专心致志地学习。
Application: n应用;
The application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually increases efficiency.
把新的科学发现运用到工业生产上,通常可以提高效率。
2)适用
This has no application to the case这不适用于那个案子。
3)正式申请；书面申请
an application for a job求职书
4)敷用（药物）
5)勤勉；专心
He worked with great application.
他工作非常勤奋。
17 Most famous scientists and thinkers are very productive and studies have shown that our most respected scientists produce not only some of the best ideas,but also a great many bad ones.
大多数著名的科学家和思想家都是富有成果的，但研究表明尊敬的科学家们不仅能想出好主意同时有许多错误。
点拨：respected 过去分词作定语，修饰scientists,单个分词作定语，相当于一个定语从句的省略形式。our most respected scientists=our most scientists who are respected,一般放在被修饰词的前面，分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词的后面。
e.g.1.A watched pot never boils.心急锅不开。
e.g.2.Don’t laugh at his crippled walk.不要笑他的跛行。
e.g.3.Father looked at the child with a pleased expression.父亲带着满意的表情看着孩子。
e.g.4.The suggestion sent to the committee was adopted.呈送给委员会的建议被采纳了。
e.g.5.Children disciplined when they are young will become good citizens.小时候受过训练的孩子会成为好公民。
Respect :n1)（与of, for连用）尊敬；尊重
to show respect to those who are older尊敬长者
The students have great respect for their history teacher.学生们非常尊敬他们的历史老师。
2)关心；注意 to pay (have) respect to关心
3) (pl) 敬意；问候 Give my respects to your wife.请代我向你太太问好。
in all respects无论从哪方面来看
in respect of关于；就…来说
pay one's respects拜访
without respect to不管；不考虑
with respect to谈到
with respect to the recent flood谈到最近的洪水
respect vt.尊敬；尊重
I respect his courage.我敬佩他的勇气。
I'll respect your wishes.我尊重你的愿望。
Usually people don't respect those who are too compliant."一般来说人们看不起那种唯命是从,唯唯诺诺的人。
18 We are said to be living in the “Information Age”,a time of new discoveries and great changes.
人人都说我们生活在信息时代，一个充满着新发现和巨大变化的时代。
比较:age, time, days
age也可以表示时代，但是通常都是单数并大写。
e.g.1.Bronze Age 铜器时代 the Ice Age 冰河世纪
age 用作复数时，表示长时间，相当于for a long time。
e.g.1.I haven’t seen her for ages.我有很长时间没有看见她了。
e.g.2.It’s been an age（=ages）since we met.我们好久未见面了。
time作“时代”解时，常用复数形式，如本句中的 in modern times(在现代)。但有时也有用单数形式表示“时代”的，如 in Shakespeare time(在莎士比亚时代)。
e.g.1.In quite old times people lived on hunting and fishing.在古代，人们以渔猎为生。
e.g.2.His thought is ahead of his times.他的思想走在时代前面。
e.g.3.We should try to meet the requirements of the times.我们应当力争符合时代的要求。
e.g.4.It happened at the time of King Alfred.它发生在阿尔弗雷德王的时代。
day也可以表示历史上的一段时期；还可以表示在人的一生中某一特定的、独特的一段时期。用作可数名词。
e.g.1.We studied the tactics used in Napoleon’s day.我们研究在拿破仑时代用过的策略。
e.g.2.In grandmother’s day, skirts were long.在祖母那个时代，裙子都很长。
e.g.3.in my school days在我读书的时代