(Section A.1a)
1. used to do sth “过去常常”（表过去习惯性动作或状态，暗示现在已不再如此，既可作情态动词，又可作实义动词。）
e.g. He used to go swimming on Sundays ,didn’t / usedn’t he ? ( 反义疑问 )
否定式：used not to do 或didn’t use to do
e.g. He used not to play basketball .= He didn’t use to play basketball.（他以前不打篮球）
一般疑问式：Did …use to ? 或 Used …to ?
e.g. Did you use to have long hair ? = Used you have to have long hair ?
辨析： be used to doing sth“习惯于做某事” e.g. He’s used to getting up early .
be used to do “被用来做…” e.g. This room is used to be a living room .
be used for ( doing)… “被用作…（目的，用途）” e.g. Wood can be used for making paper .
be used by… “被某人使用” e.g. French is used by Frenchmen .
比较： used to do& would do
① used to和would都可表示过去的习惯或行为，常可换用。
e.g. They would often hike into the mountains .= They used to hike into the mountains .
② used to含有较强的“今昔对比”的含义，而would无此含义
e.g. I do not swim so often as I used to我不像过去那样常游泳了。（不能用would代替）
He would sometimes work into the night. 以前他常工作到深夜。（不表示现在他不工作到深夜）
③用would时，有时应有时间状语来加以限制，而used to则可无时间状语
e.g. He would go to see Mother every vacation. （那时）他每个假期去看望妈妈
He isn’t what he used to be. 他不再是过去的他。
(Section A 2b)
2. over here = come over here . over adv. “翻转、横越、遍布”
e.g. turn over The bridge is over the river . all over the world
3. play + the + 乐器 play the piano play+运动（器材） play soccer play chess play cards
4. on the swim team 类似的说法还有：I’m on the soccer team 或I play on the soccer team.
5. .interest (n.&v.) “兴趣, 名胜” e.g. He has no interest in the game .
interesting (adj.) “有趣的(对物)” e.g. It’s an interesting book .
(an interesting place = a place of interest “名胜” )
interested (adj.) “感兴趣的(对人)” e.g. I’m interested in the book = The book interests me .
be interested in = take / show interest in … “对…感兴趣”
6. People sure change. 人们的确是要变的。 sure在这里为副词。e.g. It sure was cold. 天气确实很冷。
sure ① 形容词“肯定的” be sure e.g. Are you sure ?
be sure to do sth（务必做某事，肯定做某事） Be sure to telephone me .
be sure of / about doing sth（对…有把握） Are you sure of passing the exam ?
② 副词“当然，一定”＝Certainly ，Of course e.g. A: Are you going with me ? B: sure .
(Section A 3a)
7. still 我们用still来说明某人或某物没有变化。e.g. She still lives in Mexico.
位置：①still应放在主要动词前面 e.g. He still lives in New Zealand.
② still应放在be动词后面。e.g. He is still crazy after all these years.
③ still 应放在像can, may, should这样的助动词之后 e.g. She can still play the piano.
8．alone ⑴ adj. “单独的” [只作表语,无感情色彩] ⑵ adv. “独自” ⑶后置定语
lonely adj. “寂寞的” [可作表语和定语,有伤感]
e.g. I live alone , but I don’t feel lonely . “我一个人住,但我不觉得孤独.”
( Section A 3b )
9. be terrified of … 对…感到害怕 e.g. I’m terrible of the dark .
10. go / get to sleep “入睡，睡着” fall into a (fast) sleep（不能用复数）
go to bed “强调睡觉这一动作” in bed “卧床，睡着”
asleep (adj) （注：只能作表语，不能作定语。） fall asleep be asleep (睡着的状态)
sleeping (n.) sleeping pills sleeping car the sleeping man
( Section B. 2c )
11. all the time = always 一直 chew gum 嚼口香糖
( Section B. 3a )
12. these days “现在，这几天” “…but these days I get up early and stay in school all day.”
13. Then I go right home and eat dinner. right adv.“立刻,马上” right away right now
14. sb spend…（in ）doing sth… 花(时间或金钱)去做某事
e.g. They spent two hours (in) looking for the cat .
sb spend…on sth… 在…上花(时间或金钱)
e.g. She spends a lot of money on clothes .
比较：It takes sb ….to do sth
15． anymore 我们用anymore来表示情况或活动的变化。
e.g. She used to live in New York , but she doesn’t live there anymore.
① 如果动词（或动词短语）相同，则第二个动词可省略。
e.g. She used to live in London, but she doesn’t anymore.
② anymore可不与used to连用 e.g. She doesn’t live in New York anymore.
③ anymore只能和否定词连用 They never talk to me anymore. No one likes him anymore.
16. hardly “否定副词,几乎不” ( hard ①adj. 困难 ,硬的 ② adv. 努力地)
e.g. There will be hardly space for anybody else .= There will be enough space for nobody else .
hardly ever = very seldom. 很少 e.g. These days, I hardly ever have time for concerts.
17. chat with 与某人聊天
18. ( Section B. 3b ) during / in the last / past + 时间段 “在最近的某段时间以来”
e.g. in the last few years Great changes have taken place in Guiyang in the past twenty years .
19. (SELF CHECK) stressed out 紧张的，有压力的
（READING）
1. He is a fifteen-year-old boy . He is fifteen years old .
2. his father’s death e.g. His father is death.(n.) = His father is dead.(adj.) = His father died.(v.)
3. afford 有足够的时间或金钱去做某事（常在can ，could ，be able to之后，后接不定式，名词或代词）
e.g. She couldn’t afford to pay for his education. I can’t afford to buy a ticket to the concert。
pay for（主语必为人） 付钱 e.g. I paid（him）five yuan（for the book）。
4. His mother looked after him as well as she could . 尽其所能
as well as = not only …but also… “既…又…”
5. get into trouble “陷入困境，受到惩罚，入狱”
6. give up doing = stop doing “放弃做某事”
7. decide (v.) --- decision (n.) “决定”
make a decision = decide e.g. He believed his daughter had made a good decision .
decide to do sth “决定做某事” She decided to buy a digital camera online .
8. agree with sb “同意某人的意见” e.g. I agree with you . I agreed with what you said .
agree to do sth “同意做某事” e.g. I agreed to go with you .
9. even though = even if “即使，纵然”引导让步状语从句 Even though it rains , I’ll go out .
10. not …any longer = no longer (不再 → 延续性动词)We can’t wait any longer .= We can wait no longer .
not …any more = no more (不再→ 瞬间动词)e.g.The baby cried no more .= The baby didn’t cry any more .
11. proud (adj) －pride (n) take pride in… = be proud of …( doing ) “以…而自豪”