1.manners
1)方式[C)通常用作单数“……地”
The sheets are usually folded in this manner．被单常制是这样折叠的。
2)态度，样子(多作复数，有时可加不定冠词)
I don't like his manner． 我不喜欢他的态度。
3)习惯，风俗，礼貌(多作复数)
It's bad manners to stare at people． 瞪着眼睛看别人是不礼貌的。
custom，habit，manners辨析
1）custom “习惯，风俗”，多用来指“国家，社会”的风俗，习俗，也可以表示某人的“习惯”，常指因长期延续而固定下来的风俗，习惯。如：
Social customs are different in different countries.社会风俗各国不同。
It was Tom's custom to get up early and go for a walk before breakfast．
汤姆的习惯是很早起床，并且在早餐以前散步。
2)habit“习惯”，指个人经常所做之事而不易放弃。
He has a habit of early rising．他有早起的习惯。
3)manners指“习惯，风俗，礼貌”时，常用复数形式，它既可用以指habit，也可用以指custom，它的意义介于habit和custom之间，可与custom连用。如： manners and customs 风俗习惯
2．beside，besides
1)beside prep．(=by the side of; close to；near)在……旁边
Put the cases beside mine when they are ready．把箱子准备好后放在我的箱子旁边。
2)besides adv.“此外、还有”
It’s too late to go out now．Besides，it's starting to rain．现在出去太晚了，况且已开始下雨了。
3．mean to do，mean doing
1) mean to do 打算干某事
I mean to talk with him about it.我打算就此事和他谈谈。
2) mean doing 意味着
I’ll not wait if it means delaying more than two days．如果那意味着将耽误两天多，我就不等了。
3)mean sb．to do sth．打算让某人干某事
I don't mean you to read this letter．我不打算让你读这封信。
4)means 手段、方法(单复数同形)
by this means=in this way=with this method通过这种方法
I’1l do the job by this means．我将用这种方法做这项工作。
by means of 用……方法
Thoughts are expressed by means of words．思想用语言来表达。
by no means 决不、一点也不
She is by no means poor，in fact，she's quite rich．她一点也不穷，实际上她很有钱。
by all means(=Of course，certainly) 当然可以
“Can I see it?”“By all means．”--我可以看看吗? --当然可以。
4．drink to，drink a toast
drink to …“为……干杯、为……祝酒”其中to是介词．
Let's drink to the success of your schoo1．让我们为你学校的成功干杯。
Let's drink to the happiness of the bride and bridegroom．让我们为新郎和新娘的幸福干杯。
drink a toast 祝酒、敬酒(=toast v．)
Having good table manners means knowing，for example，how to use knives and forks，when to drink a toast (to toast)and how to behave yourself at the table．
在餐桌上，“懂礼节”意味着你知道如何使用刀叉、何时祝酒以及如何在进餐时举止得当。
Let's drink a toast to your health!让我们举杯祝你健康!
5．start，start with
start(=begin)一般情况下start doing sth．=start to do sth．
如:He started learning／to learn English when he was only three．他三岁就开始学习英语。
但下列三种情况只能用start to do sth．
a)当主语是物而不是人时。如：
The ice started to melt．冰开始融化了。 ．
b)当start用于进行时态时。如：
She is starting to cook the dinner．她正开始做饭。
c)当start后面的非谓语动词指心理状态或精神活动(如:think，realize, wonder, understand...)时。如：
She started to wonder who had done it. 她开始(感到)纳闷，这件事究竟是谁做的。
start with 从(以)……开始
A western dinner usually starts with a small dish called a starter．西餐通常以一道叫做开胃小菜开始。
注意：to start with 还可作插入语，意为“首先、第一点”。如：
We can't go．To start with，it is too cold．Besides，we don’t have enough money．我们不能去了。首先，天太冷；此外，我们没有足够的钱。
6．introduce v．介绍、引进(introduction, n．)
introduce sb．to sb．把某人介绍给某人
The teacher has just introduced the new pupil to the rest of the class．老师刚向班上其他同学介绍了那位新同学。
introduce oneself 自我介绍
Let me introduce myself to you all．让我向你们大家作自我介绍。
注意：其后不跟双宾语，即没有“introduce sb．sth．”这种表达法类似的词还有explain， suggest等。
introduce a new idea(technique．．．)引入一种新思想(技术……)
I hope that they will soon introduce new techniques to reduce the pollution．我希望他们早些引进降低污染的新技术。
7．impression 压痕、印象 脚印常用 “footprint” 或 “footmark’’表示。
What were your first impressions of London?你对伦敦的最初印象如何?
常见的词组：
make a good impression 留下好印象
First impressions are half the battle．[谚]最初的印象最深刻；先入为主。
Give sb．a favorable impression 给某人以好印象
Give one's impression of 陈述自己对……的印象
Make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象；给人以……影响
Make no impression on 对……无影响(效果)
8.unfold
unfold是由表否定前缀un+fold构成的。表否定的前缀还有：
dis---disappear，discourage，disappoint
in-(il-，im-，ir-)--independent，informal，illegal，impolite， irregular
un---unknown，unlock，unhappy，untie，unfair
mis---mistake，misunderstand，misspell non---nonsmoker，nonstop
9．follow v．
1)跟随
He followed the old man into the building．他跟随那老人进了大楼。
Spring follows winter．冬去春来。
注意：following与followed不同 ’
He came in，following the teacher．他跟着老师进来。
He came in，followed by the teacher．他走了进来，后面跟着老师。
2)遵循、遵照、听从、仿效
follow one’s advice听从某人的建议
Follow the instruction on the bottle．照瓶子上的说明做。
3)听懂、听清
I don't quite follow you．Will you speak slowly?
我听不太清，请慢点说好吗?(don't不能用can't；can't表示无能力听清。)
4)follow the example of…(=learn from)向……学习
We must follow the example of Lei Feng．我们必须向雷锋学习。
5)as follows 如下 He explained it as follows．他做了如下解释。