Lesson 50
Teaching procedures:
Step 1.Revision
1. Check the homework exercises.
2. Revise the key points of Lesson 49.
Step 2.Presentation
Talk about Albert Einstein, collect the information provided by the students and write them on the Bb.
Step 3.Fast-reading
Read the first passage and answer the following questions:
(1) What scientific work is Einstein famous for? (physics)
(2) Where did he spend the last part of his life? (the US)
Step 4.Detailed-reading
Now get the students to read the first text more carefully, and answer the questions on P74 of Workbook and make judgment on P75. Do orally with the class.
1. When and where was Einstein born?
Albert Einstein was born in Germany on March 14th, 1879.
2. How did Einstein manage to study at university in Switzerland?
To earn enough money to continue his studies, he worked in Switzerland first as a teacher, then in a government office. With the pay that he received and saved, he went on with his studies at university in Switzerland.
3. Why was the period between 1905 and 1915 an important one for Einstein?
During that period, he began the research and studies which led to his new discoveries in physics.
4. What was he given for his scientific research in physics in 1921?
He was given the Nobel Prize for Physics.
5. Did Einstein care for money? How do you know?
In 1933 Einstein and his family left Europe for the USA. He had been invited to teach at a university there. He accepted the job of Professor of Physics, but asked for very little money. He had never been interested in becoming rich. He once refused to speak on the radio for $ 1,000 a minute. Another time someone saw him using a cheque for $ 1,500 as a bookmark. Then he lost the book!
6. What else did he work for besides his scientific research?
Besides his work in physics, he spent a lot of time working for human rights and progress.
7. Why was he so fond of music?
It was said that he found in music the peace which was missing in the world full of wars and killings.
8. What kind of person do you think Einstein was?
Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist.
9. What can we learn from Albert Einstein?
His spirit of devotion to science, his simple way of life and his love for peace.
Step 5.List the events (P74 Ex.2)
1879: He was born in Germany.
From 1895 on: He studied at university in Switzerland.
1905: He received a doctor's degree.
1921: He won the Nobel Prize for physics.
1933: He and his family left Europe for the USA.
1940: He took American nationality.
1955: He died in the USA.
Step 6.Note making
P3, Part 2. Tell the students to read the first part text and make notes. Do orally with the class.
Step 7.Reference
P3, Part 3. Tell the students to read the first part text and tell what the bold parts refer to. Answers:
1.himself –Albert 2. it – to get along with the other boys
3.there – in Switzerland 4. that – the pay
5.Where – at university 6.one – the period between 1905 and 1915
7.which – research and studies 8.which – the peace
Step 8.Language points of the text:
1. When he was a young boy he used to ask lots of questions...
在孩童时代，他常常问许多问题……
used to do sth. 意为“过去常常做某事”，在使用时应注意两点区别：
(1) 与would的区别：
used to一般不和过去的频度状语连用，而would可以。used to既表示状态，也表示反复性的动作，而would只表示反复性的动作，如：
When I was young, I used to have a lot more free time than I do now. I used to live near my work and would always get home early. Sometimes I would do a bit of gardening or go for a long walk.我年轻时比我现在空闲得多。我过去的居所离工作地点近，因此常常早早回家。有时我干点园艺活或散散步。
注意句中的used to have和used to live表示持续的状态，不可用would，而和always及sometimes连用的would因为有表示频度的状语从而不能用used to替代。
(2) 与be used to doing sth.和be used to do sth.的区别：
be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”，be used to doing sth.意为“被用来干什么”，而used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”，如：
He used to bring me roses when he came to see me.过去他来看我时常带玫瑰花。
I'm used to doing jogging in the morning now.我习惯于早上慢跑。
Computers can be used to do a lot of work now.如今电脑可用来做许多事。
2. By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learned maths all by himself. 到他14岁那年，他已自学了数学。
(1) by oneself 意为“独自”，相当于 alone。反身代词可以组成一些习语和词组，如：I'm not myself today. 我今天不舒服。
The emperor wished to see the cloth for himself.皇帝想亲眼看看这种布。
The door opened of itself.门自动开了。
Bob has taught himself German for four years.鲍勃自学了四年德语。
The little girl dare not stay at the lonely cottage by herself.
那个小女孩不敢单独留在那荒凉的小房子里。
(2) by与时间名词连用时一般表示“到某时为止”，由于终点时间不同，其后所接的时态也不同。此外，状态性的动词多用一般时，而动作性的动词多用完成时，如：
By the time he was fourteen years old, he knew he would become a scientist.
到他14岁那年，他意识到他将成为一名科学家。
By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learned two thousand words.
到他14岁那年，他已学了2000个词。
By the end of last year, we had set up another two branches in this area.
到去年年底，我们已经在这个地区建立了两个分部。
By now, several bridges have been built over the Yangtze River.
到目前为止，长江上已经建了好几座桥。
By the end of this century, China will have become a more powerful country in the world.到本世纪末，中国将成为世界上更强大的国家。
3. All through his life Einstein was content to spend most of his time alone...
content 意为“满足的”、“满意的”、“愿意的”。content 是表语形容词，一般不作定语作用。content作表语时，后面常常接介词with或动词不定式。
be well content 很满意
Are you content with your present salary? 你对目前的薪水满意吗?
She is always content with very little. 她总是很容易满足。
I should be well content to do so. 我很乐意这样做。
content 也可以作为名词使用，但语义与形容词相差甚远，在使用时需注意区别。如：What do you think of the content of the film? 你认为这部电影的内容如何?
Can you calculate the content of the tube? 你能计算出试管的容量吗?
4. With the pay that he received and saved, he went on with his studies at university, where he received a doctor's degree in 1905. 他用自己挣来和节省的钱继续在大学学习，于1905年获得了一个博士学位。
(1) 这是一个复合句，其中包含了两个定语从句。That he received and saved修饰the pay, where he received a doctor's degree in 1905修饰university。
(2) pay 是不可数名词，意为“薪金”或“报酬”，常用low/high修饰，如：
He gets his pay each Friday. 他每星期五领薪金。
Success is often the pay for hard work. 成功往往是勤奋的回报。
(3) receive/win/get a doctor's degree, 意为“获得博士学位”，类似的结构有 receive/win/get a master's degree/a bachelor's degree，意为“获得硕士/学士学位”。注意学位前的不定冠词，如：
Mike received a doctor's degree of/in physics in Princeton University last semester.
麦克上学期在普林斯顿大学获得了一个博士学位。
5. ... he began the research and studies which led to his new discoveries in physics. 他开始了研究，这些研究使他在物理学领域有了新的发现。
(1) lead to 是一个活跃的词组，意为“通向”、“导致”、“使得”等等，其常见的结构是 lead to sth. 或 lead sb.to sth. 或lead sb. to do sth.。如：
All roads lead to Rome. 条条道路通罗马。
Hard work and proper ways will lead you to success.
勤奋的工作和正确的方法会使你成功。
What led you to believe him? 是什么使得你相信他的?
(2) research 既是动词，也是名词，意为“研究”，如：
He has gone to India to do some research on the culture there.
为了研究印度文化他去了印度。
The scientists have been researching into the cause of the AIDS.
科学家们一直在研究爱滋病的病因。
6. He accepted the job of Professor of physics, but asked for very little money. 他接受了物理学教授的职位，但要求的薪水甚少。
派生词：acceptable adj. 可以接受的 acceptance n. ［U］ 接受；赞同
If this condition is acceptable to you, that's settled then.
如果这项条件你可以接受，那就这么定了。
Professor Smith's suggestion met with general acceptance.
史密斯教授的建议受到普遍的赞同。
7. He once refused to speak on the radio for $ 1,000 a minute. Another time someone saw him using a cheque for $ 1,500 as a bookmark.有一次，他拒绝作每分钟1,000 美元的广播讲话。还有一次，有人看见他用一张1,500美元的支票作书签。
1) for $ 1,000 a minute 意为“以每分钟1,000美元的价 格”，for在这里相当于 at the price of。又如：
The couple bought the house for $ 200,000. 这对夫妇花了20万美元买了这座房子。
They got the 51% of the shares of the company for100,000,000 dollars.
他们花了1亿美元买下了这家公司的51%的股份。
2) a cheque for 1,500注意介词for表示“代表”之意.
3) Once... Another time... 注意上下两句中的关联结构，意为“一次……还有一次……”。 在写作时用一些关联词可使句与句之间、段落与段落之间关系紧凑。
8. Besides his work in physics, he spent a lot of time working for human rights and progress.除了物理工作，他还花费许多时间为人类权利和进步而工作。
Besides在使用时需注意与except的区别。 besides常和another, more else等词连用，表示两者相加的关系。except常和all, every, no, nothing, nobody等词连用，表示从整体中去除部分的关系。如：
Besides me, two more students were chosen to take part in the competition.
除了我以外还有两位学生也被选中去参加这次竞赛。
Everybody is here except Tom. 除了汤姆大家都到了。
9. Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th century's greatest scientist. 这就是爱因斯坦，一个质朴的人，(但却是)20世纪最伟大的科学家。
这是一个倒装句。当such/so位于句首时，句中的谓语动词常采用倒装结构。注意
such既可用作代词，也可用作形容词。如：
Such is the answer to the question. 这就是这个问题的答案。
Such are our products, much more advanced. 这就是我们的产品，先进得多了。
试比较：
Grace has been to Hong Kong. So have I. 格雷斯去过香港。我也去过。
So fresh is the air at the top of Mount Tai that we can't help taking a few deep breaths.泰山顶上的空气是如此清新，我们禁不住深深吸了几口气。
Step 9.Conclusion
In 1879 Born in Germany
When he was a young boy, Used to ask lot s of questions, didn’t enjoy school, found it hard to get along with others
By the time he was 14 Learned mathematics all by himself
From the year he was 17 Studied in Switzerland, earned money to go no with his studies.
In 1905 Received a doctor’s degree
Between 1905~1915 Began the research and studies leading to his new discoveries
In 1918 Received world-wide praise for his research
In 1921 Won the Nobel Prize for physics; gave talks in many countries
In 1933 Left Europe for the USA; accept the job as a professor; asked for little money; never interested in becoming rich
In 1940 Took American nationality, spent time working for human rights and progress
In 1955 Died at the age of 76
Homework:
Preview L51.