The Fifth Period
Word Formation
Teaching Aims:
1.Review all the methods of word formation the students have learned and summarize them.
2.Do some exercises to enable the students to master what they’ve learnt.
Teaching Important Point:
How to enable the students to apply what they’ve learned about word formation to help them in reading comprehension.
Teaching Difficult Point:
How to apply what they’ve learned about word formation to guess the meaning of an unknown word.
Teaching Methods:
1.Explanation to make the students understand what they’ve learned clearly.
2.Practice to enable the students to master what they’ve learned.
3.Pair work or group work to make every student active in class.
Teaching Aids:
1.the multimedia
2.the blackboard
Teaching Procedures:
Step Ⅰ Greetings and Revision
Greet the whole class as usual.
(Teacher asks one of the students to read his homework and then asks some other students to check it.Then teacher discusses some of the answers with the students and corrects the mistakes the students made in their homework if there are any.At the same time teacher gives some explanation if necessary.)
Step Ⅱ Lead-in and Discussion
T:(Teacher shows the following on the screen.)Let’s do an exercise now.Look at the sentences on the screen.Please fill in the blank of each sentence with a suitable word according to the word given in the bracket.
Complete the following sentences:
1.These gold rings are ______ while those glass ones are ______(value).
2.We all like the report given by the famous scientist yesterday.It is ______(encourage).
3.Mary’s daughter is old enough to ______ and ______ herself.(dress)
4.We were on duty yesterday.But after school we couldn’t find Jack.Tom said that he was ______(self) and must go home.
5.______(self) is a virtue of the Chinese people.
6.He lost his keys.He is ______.I’m sure he will be ______ with everything from now on.(care)
7.At the beginning the Blacks in the US had no right to vote.It was ______(fair).
8.That plan was a waste of money.We ______(agree) with it.
(Teacher goes into the students and has a discussion with them.After a few minutes.)
T:Have you finished?(Ss:Yes.)Now give us your answers please.Volunteer!One student,one answer.
S1:In the first sentence,we should fill “valuable and valueless” in the blanks according to the meaning of the sentence.Am I right?
Ss:Yes,you are right.
S2:The second answer is “encouraging”,I think.
S3:I’ll try the third sentence.I think “dress” and “undress” should be filled in.
S4:The fourth.It is the word “selfishness” that is suitable for this sentence.Am I right?
S5:I can’t agree with you.Here an adjective is needed.“Selfish” is right in this sentence,I believe.
T:Which is right,S4or S5?
S6:I think S5 is right.A word ending with “-ness” is a noun,not an adjective.
T:Is he right?
Ss:Yes,he is right.
T:Please go on!
…
Suggested answers:
5.Unselfishness
6.careless;careful
7.unfair
8.disagreed
Step Ⅲ Further Discussion
T:Do you like the exercise?(Ss:Yes.)Just now we reviewed a method of word formation.I’m glad you like it.There are four methods of word formation.The first is Clipping or Shortening.For example,telephone→phone;examination→exam;refrigerator→fridge;television→TV;the Chinese Communist Party→CCP etc.Who can give us some other examples?
S7:aeroplane→plane;bicycle→bike;mathematics→maths;very important person→VIP;the United States of America→the US.
S8:photograph→photo;laboratory→lab;October→Oct.;November→Nov.;United Nations→UN
T:So much for this.Now I’ll tell you that the second method of word formation is common.It is conversion.(Show the following on the screen.)Look at the sentences on the screen.Who can tell us the difference between the underlined words in each group of sentences?
Compare the following sentences:
1.a.It has not much taste.
b.The bread tastes delicious.
2.a.They had a quarrel yesterday.
b.They quarrelled for half an hour last night.
3.a.I’ve got an interview with National Chemicals.
b.We interviewed 20 people for the job.
S9:In each group of the sentences,the words underlined belong to the different part of speech.The word in the first sentence is a noun while the other is a verb.
T:That’s right.This method of word formation,Conversion,is to use a form that represents one part of speech as another part of speech without changing the form of the word.The process of creating new words without adding any affixes is also called zero-derivation.Can you give some more examples?
S10:have a rest (n.)→rest (v.);catch hold (n.) of→hold (v.) etc.
T:You’ve done well.As you know,this method are widely used in English.I’m sure everyone of you is familiar with it.But you should pay special attention to the word stress,such as record /rI′ｋｄ/ v. /′rekd/ n.;present /pri′ｚｅｎｔ/ v.,/′preznt/ n. etc.Can you say some more words?
S11:export /eks′pt,Iks′pt/ vt. /′ekspt/ n.;Import /Im′pt/ v. /′Impt/ n.;permIt /p ()′mIt/ v. /′pmIt/ n. etc.
T:We should pay attention to that.After class,have a discussion in groups and try to write down as many as you can.The third method of word formation is Compounding,which is a process by which two independent words are put together to make one word.Words which are formed by this method are called compounds.Some of them are connected with a hyphen.Some are written in one word and some are still separate,such as blackboard;man-made;up-to-date;warm-hearted;post office;writing desk etc.There are a lot in every page.I mean,they are common,aren’t they?
Ss:Yes,they are.
T:The last method is Derivation.That is to say,we add an affix,a prefix or a suffix to a root.Generally speaking,when a prefix is added to a word,it will change a word in meaning but it will not change its part of speech.Some suffixes,when added to words,can change their parts of speech and a few their meanings and parts of speech.Who can shows us which suffixes can cause to form nouns,verbs,adjectives or adverbs?
S12:Suffixes which can transform some words into nouns when added are:-er; -or;-ess; -ion; -ship;-ure;-ty;-ance;-hood etc.
S13:The suffixes -ful;-less;-able;-al;-y;-like;-en;-ed etc. can transform one word into an adjective.
S14:The suffixes such as -ize;-en;-ify can transform some words into verbs.
S15:The suffixes -ly;-ward;-wise can transform some words into adverbs.
T:What about “-teen;-ty;-th”?
S16:They can help form some numerals.
T:Well done!I hope all the others can remembers as much as they do.
Step Ⅳ Practice
T:(Show the following on the screen.)Now look at the screen.Let’s do practice.Pair work or group work.Later,we’ll check the answers.
Try to guess the meaning of each word.
1.misapply 2.disability
3.interconnect 4.international
5.transplant 6.subnormal
7.substandard 8.extraordinary
9.intermarry 10.biochemistry
11.teleprinter 12.supertanker
Suggested answers:
1.误用；滥用
2.无能力
3.互相联系；互相连接
4.国际间的
5.移植
6.低于正常的
7.低于标准的；不够标准的
8.不平常的；非常的
9.通婚
10.生物化学
11.电传打字机
12.超级油轮
Step Ⅴ Test
T:Now let’s have a test.(Show the following on the screen.)Please write your answers on a piece of paper.A few minutes later,we’ll check the answers.
Can you tell us the meaning of the underlined word in each sentence?Try to guess them.
1.The hall can seat a thousand people.
2.The train slowed down.
3.They helped us bridge over the difficulties.
4.We must better the life of the people.
5.His holiday was ruined by a series of misadventures.
6.There is often subzero temperature in winter here.
7.I disbelieve every word Tom says.
8.He is extra-thin.
9.The article has a subtitle.
Suggested answers:
1.坐 2.慢了下来
2.度过 4.改善
5.不幸事件 6.零度以下
7.不相信 8.相当瘦
9.小标题
Step Ⅵ Summary and Homework
T:In this class we’ve reviewed the four methods of word formation and some useful affixes…(Teacher writes all of these on the blackboard.)To master some knowledge of word formation is very important.It can not only help to improve our ability to read English articles but also help us remember new words.I say,it is a useful tool in helping us study English.Let’s work hard at it.Today’s homework:Collect as many prefixes as you can and divide them into groups according to their meanings.So much for this class.Good-bye!
Ss:Good-bye!
Step Ⅶ The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard
Unit 12 Fact and fantasy
The Fifth Period
Grammar:Word Formation
The Methods of Word Formation
1.Clipping(Shortening)
telephone→phone;examination→exam
2.Conversion
have a rest(n.)→rest(v.)
catch hold(n.) of→hold(v.)
3.Compounding
blackboard;man-made
4.Derivation
prefixes:un-;im-;non-;re-
suffixes;-er;-or;-ize;-en
Step Ⅷ Record after Teaching