Warming up
China World Cultural Heritages
China is a vast country. With a long history and brilliant culture, it is a land endowed with unique and beautiful natural scenes as well as man-made views. It has become a world-level tourism destination attracting tourists from many countries. As of 2003, 29 famous scenic spots and historical sites in China have been included in the list of World Heritage by UNESCO. They are not only the wealth of the Chinese nation, but also a crystallization （结晶）of the civilization （文明）and wisdom of mankind（人类）, a natural and cultural heritage shared by all.
1987 The Great Wall 长城 （北京）
1987 Mount Taishan 泰山 （山东）
1987 Imperial Palace of the Ming and Qing Dynasties 故宫（北京）
1987 Mogao Caves 敦煌莫高窟（甘肃）
1987 Mausoleum of the First Qin Emporer 秦始皇陵及兵马俑（陕西）
1987 Peking Man Site at Zhoukoudian 周口店北京猿人遗址 （北京）
1990 Mount Huangshan 黄山 （安徽）
1992 Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area 九寨沟自然风景区 （四川）
1992 Huanglong Scenic and Historic Interest Area 黄龙自然风景区 （四川）
1992 Wulingyuan Scenic and Historic Interest Area 武陵源风景名胜区 （湖南）
1994 Mountain Resort and its Outlying Temples, Chengde 承德避暑山庄及周围寺庙（河北）
1994 Temple and Cemetery of Confucius, and the Kong Family Mansion in Qufu曲阜孔庙、孔林、孔府1994 Ancient Building Complex in the Wudang Mountains 武当山古建筑群 （湖北）
1994, 2000, 2001 Historic Ensemble of the Potala Palace, Lhasa 布达拉宫 （西藏）
1996 Lushan National Park 庐山国家公园 （江西）
1996 Mount Emei Scenic Area, including Leshan Giant Buddha Scenic Area 峨眉山-乐山大佛（四川）
1997 Old Town of Lijiang 丽江古城 （云南）
1997 Ancient City of Ping Yao 平遥古城 （山西）
1997, 2000 Classical Gardens of Suzhou 苏州古典园林 （江苏）
1998 Summer Palace, an Imperial Garden in Beijing 颐和园 （北京）
1998 Temple of Heaven: an Imperial Sacrificial Altar in Beijing 天坛 （北京）
1999 Mount Wuyi 武夷山 （福建）
1999 Dazu Rock Carvings 大足石刻 （重庆）
2000 Mount Qincheng and the Dujiangyan Irrigation System 青城山-都江堰 （四川）
2000 Ancient Villages in Southern Anhui - Xidi and Hongcun 皖南古村落-西递、宏村（安徽）
2000 Longmen Grottoes 龙门石窟 （河南）
2000, 2003 Imperial Tombs of the Ming and Qing Dynasties 明、清皇家陵寝 （河北）
2001 Yungang Grottoes 云岗石窟 （山西）
2003 Three Parallel Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas 三江并流 （云南）
the Pyramids of Egypt 埃及金字塔, St. Petersburg 圣彼得堡 （俄罗斯）,
Stonehenge 史前巨石柱 （英国）
New words:
1. cultural－ adj. having to do with culture 文化的
2. relics － trace or feature surviving from a past age and serving to remind people of it
遗迹；遗俗
Shanxi Province is a place where its cultural relics are well looked after.
陕西省文物保护的很好.
3. represent－vt. be/give/make a picture/sign/symbol or example of；act or speak for； be agent for
表示；表现；象征
The foreign minister represented the country at the conference.
外交部长代表这个国家出席会议。
The picture represents a hunting scene. 这是一幅行猎图。
4. include－ vt. bring in as part of the whole 包括；包含
e.g. We no longer includes him among our friends. 我们不再把他看做我们的朋友。
The price includes postage changes这个价格包括邮资在内。
including－prep.
e.g. There are seven people watching TV, including three foreigners.
有7个人在看电视，包括三个外国人
Many people, including me, want to go there by plane.
许多人，包括我在内，想坐飞机去那里。
included---被包括在内
e.g. Most shops are open every day, Sunday included.
Everybody has something to say, me included.
5. ruin－ n. destruction；serious damage ；state of being destroyed
毁灭；严重的损坏；毁坏、崩溃的状态
vt. cause the ruin of 使毁灭；使败坏
e.g. Food stores are frequently ruined by rain water or damp, or eaten by mice.
粮食储备常因雨水或潮湿而毁坏，或被老鼠吃掉。
6. restore－vt. give back；归还；交还 bring back into use； reintroduce 再使用；再采用。
repair；rebuild as before；reconstruct so that it is like the original 修复；重建
7. unite－ vt.vi. make or become one； join 联合；结合；合并；团结
8. period－n. length or portion of time 一段时间
9. damage－ n. harm or injury that causes loss of value 损害；损坏（使失去价值）
vt. harm or injury 毁坏；损害；损坏
e.g. A large number of buildings were damaged in the earthquake in Tangshan.
大量建筑物在唐山地震中毁坏了。
It is well known that pests continue to eat crops, causing damage.
据了解，害虫继续吃庄稼，引起了很大损失。
10. ancient－ adj. belonging to times long past 古代的；远古的
11. pollution－ n. polluting or being polluted 污染；弄脏
12. limit－ n. line or point that cannot be passed; greatest or smallest amount, degree, ect. of what is possible 边界；界限；限度；极限
13. sincerely－ adv. in a sincere manner 真实地
14. event －n. thing that happens, esp. sth. important; incident 事情；大事；事件
any of the races, competition, etc. in a sports programme （体育活动）比赛项目
e.g. The 800m is the third event of the afternoon. 800米是下午的第三项比赛。
15. photograph－ n. picture; photo
Fill in the blanks using the above words
1. The red lines on the map ______________ railroads.
2. It was quite an ________________ when a woman first became prime minister.
3. The insurance company（保险公司）will pay for the _______________ to my car.
4. The money you paid does not ______________ tips.
5. The villagers set up a website to help people learn more about the cultural ____________.
6. The man from Taiwan found his mother with the help of the old ________________ of hers.
Answers: 1. represent 2. event 3. damage 4. include 5. relics 6. photograph
Phrases:
1. under attack 遭到攻击
attack 作“攻击”讲多用作可数名词，但在under attack 中是不可数名词，其前面不用冠词。
under repair 正在修 under discussion 在讨论之中
The road is under repair and is closed to motor traffic. 此路在修，禁止机动车辆通行。
2. give in 让步；屈服
e.g. I would rather die than give in.
give up 放弃；戒掉；停止
give off 发出、放出（气、味、光）
give out 用完； 耗尽
give back 恢复；归还
3. in ruins 成为废墟； 遭到严重破坏
4. in pieces 成为碎片/块
5. be used to do 被用来干
6. bring …back to life 使苏醒；使生动；使活泼
7. pull down 拆毁；推毁
8. set up 设立；创立
9. with the help of 在…的帮助下
10. come true 成为现实
Match the words with their definition
1） give in a to be in a very bad state
2） in ruins: b to make something good exist again/ to repair something old
3） bring back: c to examine something quickly
4） look over: d to make someone think about something from the past
5） restore: e to finally agree to what someone wants after a period when you refuse to agree
Fill in the blanks using the above words and phrases
1） I'm just __________ what you've written.
2） The war left one million people dead and the country _______.
3） We will never _______ to terrorists' demands.
4） Three wins in a row helped _______ the team's confidence.
5） The photos _________ some wonderful memories.
Answers: 1）. Looking over 2） in ruins 3） give in 4） restore 5） bring back
Important sentences:
1. Where there is a river, there is a city.
Where 在这里引导的是地点状语从句，相当于介词in/at/to +the place where +where 从句。
e.g. Where there is smoke , there is fire. 无风不起浪；事出有因。
Where there is sound , there must be sound waves. 哪里有声音，哪里必有声波。
2. It is true that many of the world’s greatest cities have been built on the banks of a river.
3. We’ll do everything we can to save our city.
Ways of giving advice or making suggestions Ways of replying to others' advice or suggestions
Acceptance Refuse
1. Shall I / we …?
2. Let's …, shall we?
3.Why not …?
4. Why don't you / we …?
5. You'd better ….
6. I think it's better （for you / us） to ….
7.Would you like / love to …?
8.What / How about …?
9.I suggest （that） you （should）….
10.I advise you （not） to ….
11.I wonder if you should….
12.Have you considered …? 1. All right. / OK.
2.That's all right.
3.Certainly. / Sure.
4.Good idea. / That's a good idea.
5.That sounds great.
6. That sounds （like） a good idea.
7. I'd like （love） to …. 1. I'm afraid that ….
2. I'm sorry, but ….
3. I'd like （love） to, but ….
4. It （That） sounds nice, but ….
Period 3 Grammar:
Passive in the Present Perfect /the Present Perfect Passive Voice
Find out the sentences in the text which have the same meanings as followings:
1. It is true that people of old times have built many of the world’s greatest cities on the banks of a river.
2. People have put back parts of statues together.
3. People have replaced the missing pieces.
The Present Perfect Passive Voice
have / has + been + V（p.p.）
1. They have discussed the problem for weeks.
The problem has been discussed for weeks.
2. He has invited the famous scientist to give a speech.
The famous scientist has been invited to give a speech.
3. They have spent all the money.
The money has all been spent by them.
The Passive Voice - when to use it
1. 动作执行者不易指出或不需明说.
My watch has been stolen.
2. 动作执行者不言自明.
I was asked several questions in the oral exam.
3. 强调动作承受者.
III.
1. in trouble：“处于困境或险境”
eg .
（1）He is always ready to help those in trouble .
（2）ask / look for trouble
（3）get into trouble
（4）Even an experienced climber can get into trouble .
（5）get sb. into trouble
（6）Don’t mention my name or you’ll get me into trouble .
（7）have trouble（in）doing sth.
（8）I have some trouble in learning English .
（9）take the trouble to do sth.
（10）They took the trouble to tell everyone the news .
（11）trouble sb. for sth.
（12）May I trouble you for the salt ?
（13）make trouble
（14）A few boys are making trouble there .
2. believe , believe in
eg.
（1）I believe in him .
（2）I believe him .
（3）Do you believe in everything the Bible says ?
（4）I believe him to be innocent . = I believe that he is innocent .
※ I know he is an honest man . That is why I him all the time . But I don’t
what he told me just now .
A. believe , believe B. believe in , believe in
C. believe , believe in D. believe in , believe
3. share：
（1）divide sth. and give parts to different people
① Let’s cut the cake in half and share it .
② Children must be taught to share .
（2）have or use sth. with another person
① I shared a bedroom with my sister .
② She offered to share her umbrella with me .
（3）share in：to have part of or take part in
① All the members of the department share in the use of the copying machine .
② I shall share（in）the cost with you .
③ She shares（in）my troubles as well as（in）my joys .
（2）share n. how much one person gets or has .
① Here is your share of the cake .
※ Let Harry play with your toys as well , Clare , you must learn to .
A. support B. care C. spare D. share
4. other
（1）He had two sons . One is a baby and the other is a boy of ten .
（2）I don’t care what others may think of me .
（3）Some students come from Korea , the others from Japan .
（4）He has read a lot about the people of other times .
（5）Please write on every other time .
5. another
（1）There are four books on the desk , one is on literature , another is on music and the other two books are on architect .
（2）I’ll stay here for another week .
（3）We walked another ten miles .
（4）It’s late . We’ll go downtown another time .
（5）What he says is one thing , but what he thinks is another .
6. sound
（1）That music sounds beautiful .
（2）His explanation sounds reasonable .
（3）That sounds like a good idea .
（4）She sounds just the person we need for the job .
（5）It sounds a very bad poem to me .
① Those oranges taste .
A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
② We don’t care if a hunting dog smells , but we really don’t want him to smell
.
A. well , well B. bad , bad C. well , badly D. badly , bad
附：sound与hear的比较
<1> His advice seemed to keep sounding in my ears .
<2> Sound your horn to warn the other drivers .
<3> The letter “ s ” in “ island ” is not sounded island .
<4> Does this sentence sound right ?
<5> That sounds a good idea , don’t you think ?
<6> I heard her sing / singing a folk song in the next room .
<7> I heard a folk song sung / being sung in the next room .
<8> The librarian seemed to have never heard of the book I wanted .
<9> It was not until an hour later that we heard about what had happened .
<10> I have only just heard about / of the accident .
<11> Please listen carefully for the telephone bell while I am upstairs .
<12> I heard them talking in the next room , but I didn’t really listen to what they were saying .
※ - Do you know what an earthquake is like ?
- I can’t tell exactly , but I know the noise from an earthquakes a steam whistle .
A. sounds like B. sounds C. is sounded D. is sounding
7. as if
（1）He speaks as if he is an American .
（2）He speaks as if he were an American . In fact , he is Chinese .
（3）It seems as if he had finished the work .
（4）As if anyone would believe that story !
（5）He acts as if（he were）a fool .
（6）It seems as if like / that is going to be cloudy .
8. be about to
（1）We’re going to start in five minutes .（√）
※（2）We’re about to start in five minutes .（×）
（3）I was about to go out when the telephone rang .
※ Susan out the door opened and in came three strangers . She got shocked .
A. was just to go , while B. just went , as
C. was just going , as soon as D. was just about to go , when
9. not all
（1）Not all my friends are smokers .
（2）Not every man will become a hero .
※ I agree with most of what you said , but I don’t agree with .
A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing