Unit1名词
☆一、考点聚焦
1.可数名词单、复数变化形式
（1）规则变化。
①单数名词词尾直接加-s。如：boy - boys, pen - pens。
②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。如：glass - glasses,box- boxes, watch - watches, brush - brushes。
特例：stomach - stomaches。
③以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”。如：
baby - babies, lady - ladies, fly - flies。
④以“o”结尾的多数加-es。如：tomato - tomatoes, potato - potatoes, hero - heroes。但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o结尾的词只加-s。 如：radio - radios, zoo - zoos, photo - photos, piano - pianos, kilo - kilos, tobacco - tobaccos。
⑤以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”，之后再加-es。如：wife - wives, life - lives, knife - knives, wolf- wolves, self - selves, leaf - leaves等。特例：handkerchief- handkerchiefs, roof - roofs, chief - chiefs, gulf - gulfs, belief - beliefs, cliff - cliffs。
⑥改变元音字母的。如：man - men, mouse - mice, foot - feet,
woman - women, tooth - teeth, goose - geese, ox - oxen。特例：child - children。
⑦复合名词的复数形式。（A）在复合词中最后名词尾加-s。如：armchair - armchairs, bookcase - bookcases, bookstore - book-
stores。（B）man和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，前后两个名词都要变成复数。如：man doctor - men doctors, woman driver - women dri-
vers。（C）与介词或副词一起构成的复合名词应在主体名词部分加-s。如：brother-in-law - brothers-in-law, passer-by - passers-by。
⑧有的名词有两种复数形式。如：zero - zeros 、zeroes, deer -
deers 、deer。penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同。如：pence（便士的钱数），pennies(便士的枚数)。
（2）不规则变化。
①单、复数同形。如：means, aircraft, deer, fish, Chinese,
Japanese, sheep, works（工厂）,cattle。
②合成名词的复数。如：boy-friend - boy-friends, go-between- go-betweens(中间人)，grown-up - grown-ups。
③有些名词通常只用作复数。如：glasses眼镜，clothes衣服，goods
货物，trousers裤子，belongings所有物,wages工资，riches财富, surroundings环境，ashes灰尘, campasses圆规，cattle家畜，congratulations祝贺，have words with sb. 同某人吵架，in high spirits以很高热情地，give one’s regards to sb.向某人问侯，in rags衣衫破烂，It is good manners to do sth.有礼貌做某事。
④集体名词的数。有些集体名词通常只用作复数，如：people,
cattle, police; 有些名词只用作单数，如：machinery, furniture, mankind, jewellery;有些名词既可用作单数又可用作复数，单数看做整体，复数看做集体的各个成员。如：The crew is large.船员人数很多（指整体）；The crew are all tired.船员们都累坏了（个体）。
2、不可数名词的数
（1）一般说来抽象名词为不可数名词，但当抽象名词表示具体的东西时，可用作可数名词且词义发生变化，主要类型如下：
①抽象名词表示具有某种特性、状态、感情情绪的人或事。如：
抽象名词（不可数） 具体化（个体名词，可数名词）
in surprise惊讶地 a surprise一件令人惊讶的事
win success获得成功 a success一个(件)成功的人(事)
win honor赢得荣誉 an honor一个(件)引以为荣的(事)
Failure(失败)is the mother of success a failure失败者
失败是成功之母。
by experience靠经验 an experience一次经历
youth青春 a youth一个青年人
have pity on sb.怜悯某人 a pity可惜的事情
with pleasure乐意 a pleasure乐事
②抽象名词与a(an)连用，淡化了抽象概念，转化为似乎可以体验到的动作、行为或类别。如：
A knowledge of English is a must in international trade.
Would you like to have a walk(swim, bath, talk)with me?
It is waste of time reading such a novel.
She made an apology to her mother for her wrong doings.
(2)物质名词是不可数名词，但表示数量或种类之多时，可以用作可数名词。如：
①物质名词有形或数的相应物体，有单、复数。如：some coffee一些咖啡，a coffee一杯咖啡，three coffees三杯咖啡，some drink一些饮料, a drink一杯饮料，three drinks三杯饮料，his hair他的头发，a few grey hairs几根白发，glass玻璃，a glass一只玻璃杯。
②物质名词有前置后置修饰时，前面要使用不定冠词。
have breakfast The road is covered with snow.
have a wonderful breakfast They have a heavy snow every year.
Time and tide wait for no man.
We had a wonderful time last night.
(3)有复数形式的不可数名词
①有些抽象名词往往以复数形式出现，起到一种丰富语言感情色彩或强调某种特殊状态的作用。如：
Use your brains, please.
They have smoothed away the difficulties.
Have you made preparations for tomorrow’s meeting?
Many thanks for your kindness.
No pains, no gains.
After many failures, they finally succeeded.
②有些物质名词以复数形式出现，表示数量之多，范围之广。如：
The boy burst into tears at the bad news.
The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.
The stone bridge broke down in heavy rains.
3.名词所有格
（1）“’s”所有格的特殊表示形式有：
① 用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后，如：today’s
newspaper,five minutes’walk(drive),five pounds’weight, tend
ollars’worth of coffee。
②用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后。如：the earth’s planet, the word’s population, China’s industry, New York’s parks。
（2）“of”所有格的特殊表示方式有：
①表示“部分”时，一般在所修饰的名词前有一个表示数量的词（a、two、several、some、no、many等），如：Some students of Mister Zhang’s have gone to college.张老师的一些学生已经上大学了。
②表示“其中之一，其中一部分”的意思时，用：a friend of Tom’s
汤姆的一个朋友（许多朋友中的一位）。
③表示赞扬、批评或厌恶等感情色彩时，应该用：that/this/these/
those + 名词（单、复数）of Mary’s/yours/his/hers。如：
That invention of hers belongs to the world. 她的那项发明是属于全世界的（表赞赏）。
4、名词作定语
英语中有些名词没有其对应的同根形容词，这些名词可以直接用来作定语修饰另一个名词。
（1）分类意义。
air pollution 空气污染 boy friend 男朋友
coffee cup咖啡杯 income tax所得税
tennis ball网球 song writer歌曲作家
body language身体语言 road accident交通事故
Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖
（2）时间、地点、称呼等。
Doctor Jack杰克医生 Professor Li李教授
evening school夜校 winter sleep冬眠
street dance 街舞 country music乡村音乐
village people村民 school education学校教育
China problem中国问题
（3）表目的、手段、来源，所属意义。
reception desk接待台 sports field田径场
stone table石桌 color TV彩电
weather report天气预报
★二、精典名题导解
选择填空
1. It is generally believed that teaching is ___________it is a science.
(NMET 2001)
A.an art much as B.much an art as
C.as an art much as D.as much an art as
解析：答案为D。当名词前有what、so、as、too、quite等词修饰时，其形容词被这些词修饰，组成下列结构，如：What a nice book! This is too heavy a box for me to carry. He is not as honest a boy as Mike.等，应采取too/how + 形容词（副词）+ a(an) + 名词的形式。要记住一些类似的特殊结构，并加以分析。
2. The police are offering a __________to anyone who can give information about the lost key.（NMET 1999）
A.price B.prize C.reward D.money
解析：答案为C。price 价格，价钱；prize奖金。Ｄ项是钱，属不可数名词，题中所要填的是“酬金，报酬”。注意正确理解名词的含义及其搭配是活用语言的基础，在复习备考中要熟练掌握考纲中一些名词的词义、搭配、习惯等，才能更好辨析名词，从而选择最符合句意的选项。
3.You’ll find this map of great _____________in helping you to get round London.（NMET 1998）
A.price B.cost C.value D.usefulness
解析：答案为C。本题考查特定语境中名词的词义及“be of + 抽象名词”结构。Price (价格)，cost（价钱，费用，成本）不符合题意，value作“quality of being useful or desirable”解时，常与of搭配，在句中作表语或补语，意为“有用，有价值”。故选择value。注意名词词义辨异及惯用法表达，题中“of + 抽象名词”相当于该名词的形容词形式。
三、专项训练
一、名词
1.Not only I but also Jane and Mary_______tired of having one examination after another.
A.is B.are C.am D.be
2.When and where to build the new factory_______yet.
A.is not decided B.are not decided
C.has not decided D.have not decided
3.“All_______present and all_______going on well.”said the leader.
A.is;is B.is;are C.are;are D.are;is
4.It_______Jack and John who_______been to Shanghai.
A.is;has B.are;have C.is;have D.are;has
5.What I say and think_______no business of yours.
A.be B.is C.are D.being
6.About 80% of China’s population_______living in the country.
A.is B.has C.have D.are
7.Tom as well as his friends_______invited to the party.
A.was B.were C.have D.has
8.Either the teachers or the headmaster_______the prizes to these gifted students at the meeting.
A.is handing out B.are to hand out
C.are handing out D.is to hand out
9.Only one of these places_______.
A.worth visiting B.is worth being visited
C.is worth visiting D.are worth visiting
10.More than one student_______answered the question.
A.is B.has C.have D.are
11.Ten thousand li_______too long.We must take our time.
A.is B.are C.will be D.were
12.South of the city_______two great mountains.
A.is B.has C.have D.are
13.The police_______the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in the theatre.
A.is searching for B.was searching for
C.are searching for D.were searching for
14.-I don’t like this ink.Don’t you like it?
-No,I like_______ink.
A.the other B.some other C.another D.some others
15.Mr Wang is so excited today,for they bought_______yesterday.
A.many furnitures B.so much furniture
C.many piece of furniture D.a lot of furniture
16.There_______a pen,a knife and several books on the desk.
A.have B.has C.is D.are
17.John’s teacher and friend_______a musician.
A.is B.are C.be D.will
18.Ten minutes_______an hour when one is waiting for a phone call.
A.to seem B.are seeming C.seem D.seems
19.Going to bed early and getting up early_______a good habit.
A.is B.are C.is being D.will be
20.The family_______not of one mind.
A.are B.is C.to be D.does
21.Two of them will go first,the rest_______to stay at home.
A.is B.are C.is going D.will be
22.Many a professor_______looking forward to visiting Korea at present.
A.was B.were C.is D.are
23.-How are things getting on?
-All that can be done_______.
A.have done B.has done C.have been done D.has been done
24.Don’t worry.You still have_______time.
A.a few hours’ B.many more C.a few hour’s D.little
25.I have always enjoyed_______of books.
A.the kind B.these kind C.this kind D.this kinds
26.About 15 million personal computers bought in the U.S last year were for_______.
A.the use of home B.home use C.home’s use D.the home of use
27. George is one of those people who_______trouble making up their minds.
A.are B.is C.has D.have
28.I turn to you as my last hope.If you,fail me,then my honour as well as my position_______forever lost.
A.be B.are C.is D.were
29.The majority of boys_______football.
A.likes B.like C.fond of D.care for
30.The kind of books an author writes_______on the detail of the accident.
A.depends B.depend C.has been depended D.will be depend
31.Every means_______tried without much result.
A.has been B.have been C.are D.is
32.Neither his parents nor he_______a change of air be going abroad.
A.hope to have B.hopes to have C.hopes to D.hope to
参考答案
1-10 BADCB DADCB 11-20 ADDBD CADAA 21-30 BCDAC BDCBA 31-32 AB