重点词语用法
1．connect[k+'nekt] vt．连接；(使)联系；(使)接通；联想。例如：
①The two towns are connected by a newly-built railway. 这两座城镇由一条新建的铁路相连接。
②Please connect the wire to the light.
请把电线接在灯上。
③Please connect me with London University.
请给我接伦敦大学。
④I always connect China with the Great Wall.
一提到中国我就联想到长城。
【注意】be connected with表示“(与……)有联系”。例如：
⑤He is connected with the matter. 他与那事有关。
⑥Most European royal families are connected with each other.
欧洲大部分的皇室都有姻亲关系。
2．dozen['d)zn]的用法
1)some dozen people是“一打左右的人”，就是“大约十二个人”，与some dozen of people同义。some dozens of people是“若干打的人”，就是“几十个人”。说“若干打”，必须用some dozens，不可用 some dozen。
2)a(two， many， several) dozen people中，用 dozen，不用 dozens而且没有of。但 a dozen of these people，
two dozen of them， several dozen of wine等短语中应该有“of”。因为习惯上，在these，those，them，us等词前该用 dozen of，在 wine等物质名词前也该用 dozen of。
3) dozens of people意为“几十个人，许多人”， dozens of times意为“几十次，许多次”，其中用dozens，而不用dozen。
3．mention['menM+n] vt．提到；提起。例如：
①Don't mention this subject this afternoon.
今天下午别提这个问题。
②He felt it his duty to mention this fact to them.
他感到有责任向他们谈到这一情况。
③Only in this way is it possible to accomplish the above-mentioned task.
只有这样才能完成上述任务。
④He mentioned how his uncle had had the same experience.
他提起他的叔叔也有同样的经历。
⑤When we mentioned what we had come for, they immediately offered to help us.
当我们谈明来意之后，他们立即提出要帮我们的忙。
4．country, nation和state表示“国家”时的区别
1)country侧重疆土。如：
①China is a developing country while the US is a developed country.
中国是一个发展中国家，而美国是一个发达国家。
②The Low Countries are Holland, Belgium and Luxemburg .
“低地国家”是荷兰、比利时和卢森堡。
2)nation侧重人民或民族。如：
①The whole nation is up in arms.
全国人民都武装起来反抗。
②We must greatly raise the cultural level of the whole nation.
我们必须极大地提高全民族的文化水平。
3)state侧重政权、政体。如：
①State power is the most important.
国家政权是最重要的。
②State and Revolution was written by Lenin.
《国家与革命》是列宁写的。
5．fold的含义
fold是“折叠”的意思。例如：
①He folded his clothes neatly.他把衣服叠整齐。
②Fold the letter in two before putting it in the envelope.
把信对折再装入信封。
③The bird folded its wings. 鸟收起了翅膀。
▲习语fold one's arms意为“双臂在胸前合抱”。fold one's hands意为“十指交叉合掌”。
▲fold sb. /sth . in one's arms意为“抱住……”。
Father folded the baby in his arms.
父亲把孩子抱在怀里。
6．produce的含义
1)produce用作动词，意为“制造，生产，创造”。
①America produced more cars this year than last year.
美国今年生产的汽车比去年多。
②Linen is produced from flax.
亚麻布是亚麻纤维制成的。
③He worked hard to produce good crops from poor soil.
他辛勤耕作，要让贫瘠的土地长出好庄稼。
2)produce还可表示“生育(子女)，产幼崽”。
①The silkworms are producing well.
这些蚕吐丝量很大。
②The cows are producing a lot of milk.
这些母牛产奶量大。
3)produce还可表示“引起，产生”。
①The medicine produced a violent reaction.
这药反应很大。
②His announcement produced gasps of amazement.
他宣布的消息引起一片惊叹声。
4)produce还可表示“拿出、出示以供检验或使用”。
①Everyone produced their railway ticket for inspection.
每个人都出示火车票以供查验。
②He produced a revolver from his pocket.
他从衣袋里掏出一把枪。
5)produce还可用作名词，指“产品”尤指“农产品”。
①They provide us fresh produce every day.
他们每天为我们提供新鲜的农产品。
②It says on the bottle“Produce of France”.
瓶上标有“法国制造”字样。
7．collect与gather的用法区别
1)表示“聚集”时，collect带有逐渐聚拢之意，gather带有几乎是同时聚拢之意。
①A few homeless beggars collected around a fire for warmth.
几个无家可归的乞丐走过来，围着火堆取暖。
②A crowd immediately gathered around the injured man on the pavement.
人行道上有人受伤了，一群人立即围了上来。
2)表示“收集”时，collect表示逐一收拢，有目的，有选择地收集。
gather只表示把散置的东西收拢。
①The old man has collected a great number of foreign coins.
老人收集了许多外国硬币。
②The teacher told the boys to collect all the wastepaper lying about after the picnic.
老师吩咐那些男孩，把野餐后散在周围的废纸收集起来。
③She told the children to gather up their toys.
她叫孩子们把玩具收拢在一起。
8．condition的用法
1)condition既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，作“条件”、“情况”、“环境”解释时，是可数名词，并通常用复数形式。如：
①Conditions are changing all the time.
情况在不断地变化。
②Ability is one of the conditions of success in life.
能力是生活中取得成功的条件之一。
③Her parents allowed her to go, but made it a condition that she should get home before midnight.
她父母允许她出去，条件是她必须在半夜之前回家。
④The conditions of his health worried us all.
他的健康状况使我们都很担心。
【注】condition作“环境”、“情况”解释时，其前的介词可用under或in。如：
①In war conditions, it was very hard to get food and water.
在战争环境中，很难弄到食物和水。
②He was brought up in very difficult conditions.
他是在很艰苦的环境中被抚育长大的。
2)condition作“状态”解释时为不可数名词，但可以与a连用，指某一种状态。如：
①The ship is not in a condition to make a long voyage.
这条船的状况不适宜远航。
②His clothes were in a shabby condition.
他的衣服很破旧。
3)on(或 upon)condition that…引导条件状语从句，该从句中的动词常用一般时代替将来时。 这一结构中的condition不用复数形式，也不带任何限定词，前面介词用on为多。如：
①He can use the bicycle on condition that he returns it tomorrow.
他可以用这辆自行车，条件是必须明天还。
②You can go swimming on condition that you don't go too far from the river bank. 你可以去游泳，条件是你不要离河岸太远。
③I'll let you go to the town on condition that you don't waste money.
只要你不乱花钱，我就让你到镇上去。
④We'll let you live in the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.
如果你们能保持房间整洁的话，我们可以让你们住。
【注】 on(或upon) condition that…中的动词有时也可用should +动词原形should可省略，但这种用虚拟语气的情况在实际使用时并不多见。
重要词组短语
1．so/as far as 意为“就……而言”；“在……范围内”。通常引出一个分句在句中作插入语。例如：
①As far as I know, in some developed countries people enjoy free medical care.
就我所知，在一些发达国家人们享有免费医疗。
②He will take part in physical labour next Monday, so far as I know.
据我所知，他将于下星期一参加体力劳动。
③As far as I am concerned, I feel like going to the concert together with you.
就我来说，我想和你一起去听音乐会。
④This is not acceptable, so far as we are concerned.
就我们而言，这是不能同意的。
2．carry out 是一个常用的短语，意为“实行，执行，进行”。例如：
①We made up our minds to carry out the order to the letter.
我们决心不折不扣地执行命令。
②We all expect him to carry out his promises.
我们都希望他能够履行他的诺言。
③Once a decision is reached, it must be firmly carried out.
一旦做出决定，就应坚决执行。
④They also carried out other experiments.
他们还进行了其它实验。
3．由look构成的短语用法
1) look at意为“看”或“检查”。
①Look at the time! We should have been at the theatre ten minutes ago.
瞧都什么时候了，十分钟前我们就该到戏院了。
②I haven't had time to look at your essay yet.
我还没空细读你的文章。
③Your ankle is badly swollen; I think the doctor ought to look at it.
你的脚腕子肿得很厉害，我看得请医生看看。
2)look back意为“回顾过去”。
He never looks back to the old days with regret.
他回顾过去，没有追悔。
3) look after 意为“照看、照料”。
①He needs to be properly looked after.
他需要好好照顾。
②Our neighbours are looking after my garden while we are away.
我们不在家时，由邻居照料花园。
4)look down on sb.意为“瞧不起，鄙视某人”。
①She looks down on people who've never been to university.
她瞧不起没上大学的人。
②He was looked down on because of his humble background.
他因出身低微而被人瞧不起。
5)look for意为“寻找”。
①We've been looking for you everywhere.
我们一直到处找你。
②The youths were looking for a fight.
那些年轻人要寻衅闹事。
6)look forward to意为“期待某物”。
①We looked forward to our holidays.
我们盼望放假。
②We're so much looking forward to seeing you again.
我们非常盼望再见到你。
7)look into sth. 意为“调查某事”。
①A working party has been set up to look into the problem.
已成立工作组调查该问题。
②His disappearance is being looked into by the police.
他失踪一事警方正在调查。
8)look out意为“当心，小心”。
①Look out. There's a car coming. 当心有车来了。
②Look out for pickpockets. 小心扒手。
9)look through意为“翻阅、审查”。
①She looked through her notes before the examination.
考试前她翻了遍笔记。
②Always look your work through before handing it in. 交作业前要检查。
10)look up意为“抬头”或“查阅(资料)”。
①She looked up from her book as I entered the room.
我进屋时她放下书，抬眼看了看。
②If you want to know how a word is used, look the word up in the Advanced Learner's Dictionary.
要想了解某词的用法，查《高级词典》。
③Look up the time of the next train in the timetable.
查一下火车时刻表中下一趟车的时间。
4．not only…but also… 是并列连词，意为“不但……而且……”，主要用来连接两个并列成份(主语、谓语、表语、状语)，也可用来连接两个分句，强调的重点是后一个。例如：
①Not only Tom but also John wants to read the book.
不止是汤姆，还有约翰也想看那本书。
②She not only sent me a telegraphic message but also followed it up with a long letter.她不但给我打了电报，跟着还写来了封长信。
【注意】如果 not only…but also…连接的是两个主语，其谓语动词在人称和数方面应与后一个主语的人称和数保持一致。例如：
③Not only the father, but also the children were there.
不但是父亲在那里，孩子们也在那里。
④Not only the children, but(also) their father likes to see the picture.
不但是孩子们，而且他们的父亲也喜欢看这部电影。
5．set up和set
1)set up意为“成立”、”建立”、“立起来”。如：
①We decided to set up a fund for the Project Hope.
我们决定为希望工程设立一项基金。
②They set up a laboratory and devoted their spare time to this work.
他们建立了一个实验室，把业余时间用来进行这项工作。
③The children set up a tent.
孩子们搭起了帐篷。
④A shop was set up at the street corner.
街道拐角处开了个店。
2)set up还有“使恢复健康”、“使体格强健”的意思。如：
①A few day's rest will set up you up.
几天的休息将使你恢复健康。
②What a well set up young man!
多么健壮的小伙子。
3)set up意为“(使)开始从事某种职业”。如：
①His parents set him up as a doctor.
他的父母使他从事医生的职业。
②He set up for himself as a bookseller.
他开始经营书店。
4)set作为使役动词时，意为“使处于某种状态”，其宾语补足语一般是形容词、分词和介词短语。如：
①His jokes set all of us laughing.
他的笑话使我们大家都笑起来。
②She set the dishes on the table.
她把菜摆到桌上。
③They set all the war prisoners free.
他们释放了所有的战俘。
6．由 with引起的复合结构，即“with＋n．＋prepositional phrase”，介词with作“带有”解，这种复合结构常用作定语或状语(表示伴随状况)，有灵活的译法。例如：
①He painted a girl with a pair of dark glasses on her nose.
他画了一位戴墨镜的姑娘。
②There was a letter for Mary with an Australian stamp on it.
玛丽有一封信，上面贴着一张澳大利亚邮票。
③The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his right hand.
老师走进教室，右手拿着一本书。
④The guard stood in fron