1. The local landowner took an interest in the young boy and paid for his schooling. 当地的一个的地主对这个孩子很感兴趣，并给他付了学费。take / have / show an interest in… 对……有 / 显示了兴趣; lose interest in… 对……失去了兴趣; e.g. Her stepmother had / took no interest in her. 她的继母对她不好。 Tom is interested in / has an interest in sports while his sister likes music. 汤姆喜欢体育而他的妹妹则喜欢音乐。interest n. 利益 (用复数形式)；兴趣 (不可数名词)；但是可以和an 连用，加s时为多种兴趣。 vt. 使某人对感兴趣； e.g. My friend Alice has many interests 我的朋友爱丽斯有各种各样的兴趣。We must at all times put the interests of the people before everything else. 任何时候我们都必须把人民的利益放在首位。This new method will certainly interest you. 这种新方法肯定会让你感兴趣的。
2. In 1759 the French army was defending the city of Quebec, which stood high on a rock above the St. Lawrence River. 1759年法国军队正守卫着魁北克城，这座城位于圣劳伦斯河岩层上。defend vt. 保卫；防卫；defend …from / against….防御……； e.g. We must defend ourselves against the enemy. 我们必须防御入侵之敌。They are defending the village from floods. 他们正在防洪，保卫村庄。It is our duty to defend our country when she is invaded. 当国家遭到侵略时，保卫祖国是我们的职责。
3. …where the British army could land safely and take the enemy by surprise. 在那儿英国军队安全登陆并出其不意地袭击了敌人。take…by surprise 1). 突袭……; 出奇兵攻占……; 2). 使……吃惊; e.g. Japanese army took Pearl Harbour by surprise in 1941. 一九四一年日军突袭了珍珠港。His answer took us by surpris. 他的回答使我们吃惊。 to one’s surprise = to the surprise of sb.使某人感到惊奇的是; in surprise 惊奇地； e.g. On hearing the strange sound, the boy looked up in surprise. 听到这奇怪的响声，这男孩子惊奇地抬起头来。
4. After the war, Cook married and set up home in London. 战后，库克结了婚，在伦敦安了家。 set up home 安家；成家； e.g. The young man wanted to set up home in Kuitun. 那个年轻人想在奎屯安家。
5. The navy was planning an expedition to the South Pacific Ocean with the purpose of watching a very unusual event. 当时英国海军正在筹划着一次去南太平洋的远征，目的是观察一次不平凡的事件。with the purpose of doing sth. 具有……的目的; e.g. We held an English speech contest with the purpose of improving the students’ spoken English. 我们举行了英语演讲比赛目的在于提高学生的英语口语。Mr. Chen gave me a lot of books with the purpose of helping me with my English. 陈老师给了我许多书，目的在于帮助我学习英语。
6. Cook was to be in charge of the expedition as captain of the ship Endeavour. 库克作为“奋力”号船长负责率领这支探险队。in charge of 管理；负责 (具有
1．
主动概念)；由……管理；在……管理下 (具有被动概念) e.g. Miss Ma is in charge of our class. = Our class is in the charge of Miss Ma. 马老师负责管理我们班级。
7. He therefore loaded the ship with litres of vinegar for the purpose of cleaning the
inside of the ship. 因此，他在船上装了大量的醋，用来清洗内部。load vi. 装载；load…with…. 用(物品)装载……；load up 装满；e.g. We loaded the truck with many things. 我们往车上装了好多东西。n. 负担；重载；We have helped to take a load off his mind. 我们帮助他们消除了思想负担。 for the purpose of = with the purpose of 为了……的目的; e,g. For what purpose do you want to go to London? 你为何目的要去伦敦？on purpose 故意地；有意地； e.g. He has left the book here on purpose for you to read. 他把书放在这儿目的是让你看的。 He came here on purpose to borrow money from you. = He came here for the purpose of borrowing money from you. 他来这里是找你借钱的。
8. The ship carried a total of 94 people, including scientists. 包括科学家在内，船上共载有94人。a total of 总共；共计； e.g. Our expense this mouth reached a total of 4000 yuan. 我们家这个月的支出总计达4000元。 including prep. 包含；包括……在内； (having as a part) e.g. There are sixty persons in the classroom today, including me / myself. 包括我自己在内，今天教室里有60 人。 included adj. 包括；包括在内；(用于名词，代词之后) e.g. There are sixty persons in the classroom today, myself / me included. 包括我自己在内，今天教室里有60人。**** include vt. 包含；包括； 它与contain的区别在于： contain 侧重于包含的“内容”和“成分”，而 include则表示包含的“范围”。请比较并体会：This book contains all the information you need. 这本书包含了你所需要的所有信息。Our seven-day / ten-city tour included a visit to Nanking. 我们的“七日游”/“十城市旅游”包括了南京。
2．