单元教学目标
1. 教学反身代词
2. 进一步熟悉动词的过去式
3. 学习由and、but等并列连词构成的并列句
【重点难点解析】
1. 情态动词could的用法
(1)用作一种委婉的语气向对方提出建议或请求，在这种情况下，它与can没有时间上的区别，可以换用，但could比can更委婉、更有礼貌。例如：
Could you ask him to call me, please?
请你让他给我打电话好吗?
(2)表示“过去能够/有能力……”，could/couldn't是can/can't的过去式，在这种情况下，can与could不能互换，can表示现在或目前的状况，而could表示过去的状况，两个词有时间上的差别。例如：
Could you swim two years ago? 两年前你会游泳吗?
No, I couldn't. 不，我不会。
2. 反身代词
(1)形式：
单数
myself yourself himself herself itself
复数
ourselves yourselves themselves
(2)一般情况下，当句子的主语和宾语是同一个人时，我们常用反身代词作宾语。有些词与反身代词构成固定搭配：
①(all) by oneself 独自，靠某人自己. 如：
She can do it all by herself. 她可以完全靠自己做这件事。
②hurt oneself 伤着自己，受伤. 例如：
I hope she didn't hurt herself. 我希望她没受伤。
③teach oneself. . . =learn sth. by oneself 自学. 例如：
He teaches herself English. 她自学英语。
=She learns English by herself。
④buy oneself sth. 给自己买某物。例如：
I can buy myself lots of good things. 我可以给自己买许多好东西。
⑤enjoy oneself 过得愉快 (=have a good time)。例如：
I always enjoy myself. 我总是过得愉快。
=I always have a good time.
⑥look after oneself 自己照料自己。例如：
He could not look after himself. 他不能自理。
⑦wash oneself. 自己洗漱。例如：
He could not wash himself. 他不能自己洗漱。
⑧help oneself to. . . 请随便(取、吃什么东西)。例如：
Help yourselves to the cakes. 请随便吃些蛋糕。
【命题趋势分析】
用反身代词填空。
1. Be careful not to hurt .
It's a new knife.
2. I don't need any help.
I can do it all by .
3. -Do you enjoy ?
-Yes, we enjoy very much.
4. Look at . What's wrong with your face?
5. She thinks more of others than of .
6. -Who taught her?
-Nobody! She taught .
7. He could not wash or get dressed.
8. Help to some cakes.
答案与解析：
1. yourself。“伤着自己”是hurt oneself，因为是祈使句，所以填yourself。
2. myself。all by oneself意为“完全靠自己”，意即不需别人帮助，因为主语是第一人称I，所以应填myself。
3. yourselves, ourselves。“玩得痛快”用enjoy oneself，前句主语是you，答语的主语是we，由此可知you是复数，所以两空应填yourselves, ourselves。
4. 从该句句意可知，所填反身代词应为第二人称，作look at的宾语。应填yourself。
5. herself。该句意为“她为别人想的比自己多”，主语是she，所以应填herself。
6. herself。“自学”译为teach oneself，主语是she，所以宾语要用herself。
7. himself。主语是he，动词wash的宾语应为himself。
8. yourself help oneself(to) 意为“随便吃……”，又因为是祈使句，所以应用第二人称，该空应填yourself。
核心知识
【常用词汇积累】
1. 名词：candle cookies moonlight sonata.
2. 动词：afford knock pardon return shine shone.
3. 形容词：blind bright clever dim few poor.
4. 副词：brightly sign.
5. 介词：through.
6. 代词：yourself.
7. 词组：come along， fall off， knock at， knock on， leave…behind， look up，to one's surprise.
【基础知识精讲】
1. Lily is falling off her bike。
fall off=fall down form 意思是“从…上摔下来”. 例如：
Be careful! Don't fall off the ladder.
小心点! 别从梯子上摔下来。
2. Look at this photo of Lily. 看莉莉的这张照片。
this photo of Lily. 强调的是照片中的人物就是莉莉，假如要强调这张照片归莉莉所有， 要用Lily's photo。
3. She taught herself. 她自学
teach oneself 意为“自学”如：
we teach ourselves Japanese 我们自学日语
teach sb sth 如：
Miss Gao taught them English last year. 高老师去年教他们英语。
4. He heard someone playing his sonata in F.
他听见某人正用F调在弹他的奏鸣曲。
hear sb doing 表示听到某人正在做什么. 如：
Lily heard Lin Tao singing in the classroom.
莉莉听见林涛正在教室里唱歌。
5. This piece of music is so difficult to play.
这首曲是如此难以弹奏。
so difficult to do sth. 表示“做什么事非常难”
too…to 则表示太…而不能做. 如：
She is too young to go to school. 她太小了而不能上学。
6. We cannot afford to buy tickets of the concert.
我们没有钱去买音乐会的票
afford to do sth 表示有“足够的钱去做什么事”
7. To his surprise he found the girl was blind.
使他惊奇的是，他发现那个女孩是个盲人。
to one's surprise. 使某人惊奇的是…
8. They both lost themselves in the beautiful music.
他们两个都沉浸在美妙的音乐中。
lost oneself in 沉浸于…中
9. After Beethoven went back home, he worked all night written down that new piece of music.
贝多芬回家后，他工作了一整夜，写下了那首新歌曲。
go back home 回家 all night 整夜 all day 整天 write down 写下
10. He had lots of money. 他有许多钱。
lots of 意为“许多，很多”相当于 a lot of. 它们既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词，常用在肯定句中，否定句中常用many和much来代替，如：
I have quite a lot of homework to do.
我有很多作业要做。
He doesn't have much money. 他没有钱。
11. I don't enjoy myself very much. 我一点也不快乐。
enjoy oneself 意为“快乐，高兴”，指某人内心感到愉快。
We enjoyed ourselves during the holiday. 我们假期很快乐。
12. we're going on a trip tomorrow. 明天我们要去旅行。
13. would you like to come along? 你想一起去吗?
14. My little brother is too young to look after himself.
我弟弟太小了不能照顾自己。
look after oneself. 照看(顾)某人自己。
15. He may hurt himself and my parents will be very worried.
他也许会伤着自己，我父母会非常担心的。
16. Help yourselves. Help oneself to…请随便(取，吃什么东西). 如：
Help yourself to the cakes. 请随便吃些蛋糕。
17. Don't leave anything behind. 别丢下任何东西。
18. Thank you for serving us. 谢谢你招待我们。
Thank you for sth/doing. 谢谢某人某事。
典型例题
【课本难题解答】
1. 选择填空。
Please when the train leaves.
A. find B. look for C. find out D. found out
解析：答案C. find与find out都有“发现”的意思。find表示偶然发现某物，find out指经过一番努力之后才发现某物，查出某事。而look for意为“寻找”只表示动作，不表示结果。所以正确答案为C。
2. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。
The Greens (have) breakfast now.
解析：从句中时间状语now判断，该句的谓语动词是正在发生，因此是现在进行时态，the Greens是姓氏复数前加the表示“……一家”是复数形式，所以正确答案是are having.
3. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
They enjoyed (they) at the party.
解析：当动词所表达的动作反射到动作者本身时，应该用反身代词。enjoy oneself是固定搭配，所以应填themselves.
4. 改错：
Can you swim when you were 5 years old?
A B C D
解析：本句意为“你五岁时会游泳吗? ”指的是以前的事，用一般过去时，因此can应为could。A错。
【阅读分析点拨】
I arrived in the United States on February 6, 1986, but I still remember my first day here very clearly. My friend was waiting for me when my plane landed at Demedy Airport at three o'clock in the afternoon. The weather was very cold and it was snowing, but I was too excited to mind. From the airport, my friend and I took a taxi to my hotel. My friend helped me unpack at the hotel and then left me because he had to go back to work. He promised(答应)to return the next day.
Shortly after my friend had left. I went to a restaurant next the hotel to get something to eat. Because I couldn't speak a word of English, I couldn't tell the waiter what I wanted. I was very upset(苦恼)and started to make gestures(手势) ，but the waiter didn't understand me. Finally, I ordered the same thing the man at the next table was eating. After dinner, I started to walk around the city. I wanted to see everything on my first day. I knew it impossible, but I wanted to try.
( )1. February 6, 1986 was a day unforgettable(难以忘怀)to the writer because .
A. it was his first day in America
B. it was very dear that day
C. it was very cold that day
D. that day he took a plane and landed at Kennedy Airport
( )2. At the airport he was greeted(迎接) by .
A. a friend of his
B. one of his relatives(亲戚)
C. someone he had not met before
D. no one
( )3. Which of the following is not true?
A. His friend promised to be at the hotel again.
B. He and his friend took a taxi to the hotel.
C. His friend helped him unpack at the hotel.
D. His friend left him right after they got to the hotel.
( )4. He went to to get something to eat.
A. an inn(客栈)
B. a tea house
C. a pub(小酒馆)
D. a nearby restaurant
( )5. He did not have what he really wanted, because .
A. he didn't want something to eat
B. he could only make gestures
C. the waiter could not serve(服务) well
D. he could not speak English
关于“Unit 21 She taught herself”的常见问题】
常见问题1: Unit 21
问题：
1. We should(应该) find out the answer by .
A. ours B. our C. ourselves
. -Who're fishing(钓鱼) over there?
- . ('97山东)
A. Browns B. Brown C. The Brown D. The Browns
3. She is a new student Lucy. ('97陕西)
A. is called B. calls C. called D. calling
4. Help to some fish, children. ('97陕西)
A. you B. your C. yourself D. yourselves
5. -Help yourself to some fish.
- . ('97天津)
A. Yes, all right B. That's all right
C. Yes, please D. No, thank you
解答:
1. C. “by+反身代词”意为“独自”、“单独”，相当于alone。在by前加all，起加强语气作用。
2. D. “the+复数姓氏”意为“某某一家人”或“某夫妇”。
3. C. called Lucy在这里意为“被称作露茜的”。该短语叫过去分词短语，作后置定语，修饰前面的名词。
4. D. “help+反身代词+介词to”意为“随便吃些……”，是招待客人的礼貌用语。本题因劝请的对象不是一人(注意children)，故不能用C。
5. D. 对方劝请你吃东西时，按英美人的习惯，道声“谢谢”后便可毫不客气地吃；如果真的不想吃或吃饱了，应该礼貌地加以拒绝，这时常说“No, thank you(thanks). ”等。