Grammar Subjunctive Mood
虚拟语气知识要点剖析
虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。下面分别介绍虚语气在各种句式中的用法。
（一）虚拟气用于条件状语从句
条件状语从句 主句
与现在事实相反 If+主语+动词过去式
（be动词一律用were） 主语+would或should+动词原形
与过去事实相反 If+主语+动词过去完成式 主语+would或should+ have+过去分词
与将来事实相反 A:谓语用动词过去式
B:谓语用were to+动词原形
C:谓语用should+动词原形 主语+would或should+动词原形
注意：主句中的should通常用于第一人称，would可用于任何人称，同时也可根据意思用情态动词could, might等等代替should, would。
1． 表示与现在事实相反：
If he had time, he would attend the meeting.
If I were you, I should study English.
2． 表示与过去事实相反：
If you had come yesterday, you would have met him.
3． 表示与将来事实相反：
If it were to / should rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.
4． 注：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间来调整。例如：
If you had followed the doctor’s advice, you would be quite all right now.（从句说的是过去， 主句指的是现在。）
5． 以上句型可以转换成下列形式：
1） 从句省略if，用倒装句式“were, had , should +主语”
Should there be a meeting tomorrow, I would come.
Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him.
Were I in school again, I would work harder.
2） 用介词短语代替条件状语
But for（要不是） the rain we should have a pleasant journey.
Without air, there would be no living things.
(二)虚拟语气用于宾语从句
1．“wish+宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜。。。”、“。。。就好了”、“悔不该。。。”“但愿。。。”等。
表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式；表示将来不能实现的愿望，用“would (could)+动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，用“had+过去分词”或“(could) would+ have +过去分词”。例如：
We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.
I wish you could go with us .
I wish it were spring all the year round.
2．虚拟语气在动词arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest等后面的宾语从句中，用“(should)+动词原形”
He demanded that we (should) start right away.
The doctor ordered that she (should) have stay in bed for a few days.
We suggested that we (should) have a meeting.
注意：insist作“力言”、“强调”解时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。只有当insist作“坚持（应该）”解时，宾语从句才用虚拟语气。
We insisted that she (should) go with us.
Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.
（三）虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句
作advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request等名词的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构“(should)+动词原形”
My idea is that he (should ) do exercises first.
We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should )go to Beijing for sightseeing.
（四）虚拟语气在以as if ( as though)引导的表语从句或状语从句中的应用。
如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时，表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had +过去分词”；表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would (might , could)+动词原形”。
It looks as if it might rain.
He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.
但as if (as though)在后的从句也常用陈述语气，这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可被设想为真实的。
It looks as if our side is going to win.
（五）虚拟语气用于主语从句
在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用“should+动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。
It will be desired (suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.
在上述三种主语从句中，should意为“应该”、“竟然”，可以省去，但不可换用would。主句所用动词的确时态不限。
注意：这种从句表示的是事实。如果说话人对这种事实表示惊奇，就可用虚拟语气。反之，如果不表示惊奇，that从句也可用陈述语气。
It is a pity that you can’t swim.
It is strange that he did not come yesterday.
（六）虚拟语气用于定语从句
这种从句常用在”It is (high) time (that…)”句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，或“should +动词原形（should不能省略，be用were）”来表示，意为“（现在）该。。。”。
It is high time we were going.
It is ( high) time we left (should leave ).
（七）虚拟语气用于if only引导的感叹句中
If only I had taken his advice. 我要是听他的话就好了。
If only I were a bird! 我如果是一只鸟就好了。
（八）虚拟语气在If it were not for…中的应用
此结构意为“如果没有”，表示同现在事实相反的假设。例如
If it were not for the rain, the crops should (would )die
If it had not been for…意为“如果当时没有。。。”，表示同过去事实相反的假设。
If it had not been for your timely help, I would have failed.
（九）虚拟语气在would rather 后接从句的应用
I’d rather she hadn’t done that.
（从句用过去完成时指过去）
I’d rather you painted the wall green next time.
（从句用过去时指将来）
I’d rather you paid me now.
（从句用过去时指现在）
（此句中would的可看作是表愿望的实义动词）
（十）虚拟语气在简单句中的应用
1）表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌，使语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。
Would you be kind enough to open the door?
It would be better for you not to stay up too late.
2）用于一些习惯表达法中。
You had better go now.
Would you like a cup of tea?
3） 用“may+动词原形”，表示“祝愿”、“但愿”。may须置于句首。
May you be happy! /May you succeed!
历届高考题自我评估
1. If she had worked harder, she ____.
A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeeded
2. I wish I _____ you yesterday?
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
3. If my lawyer _____here last Saturday, he _____me from going.
A. had been ；would have prevented B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevented D. were; would have prevented
4. Without electricity human life _____quite different today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
5. If he _____, he _____ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
6. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _____for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
7. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
8. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____.
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
9. You didn’t let me drive. If we _____ in turn, you _____ so tired.
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t get
C. were driving; wouldn’t get D. had driven; wouldn’t have got
10. --- I stayed at a hotel white in New York.
--- Oh, did you? You _____ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
11. _____it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
12. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night _____, too cold for us to live.
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold D. Can freeze coldly
13. If only he _____ quietly the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie
14. If you had _____ your test paper carefully before handing it in, you would have made fewer mistakes.
A. looked up B. thought about C. gone over D. gone round
15. What would have happened _____, as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther
C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther
跟踪练习
1. _____your letter, I would have written back two days ago.
A. If I received B. Should I received C. Had I received D. If I could have received
2. If I _____ you, I would try again.
A. am B. was C. were D. be
3. If you _____ 5 minutes earlier, you _____him.
A. should come; had seen B. came; would see
C. come; will see D. had come; would have seen
4. If you _____ at school, you _____ a college student now.
A. had studied hard; would have been B. should have studied hard; should have been
C. had studied hard; would be D. would study hard; must have been
5. The young man insisted that he _____ nothing wrong and _____free.
A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. do; be set D. had done; must be set
6. Mother suggested that I _____my homework first before watching TV.
A. did B. do C. shall do D. have done
7. My suggestion was that the meeting _____ off untill next week.
A. to put B. be put C. should put D. be putting
8. It is important that we _____ wild animals.
A. will protect B. should protect C. shall protect D. are protecting
9. He is talking so much about America as if he _____ there.
A. had been B. has been C. was D. been
10. It is strange that he _____ interest in much of his research.
A. should have lost B. would lose C. had lost D. will lost
11. _____ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave
12. If it were not for the fact that you _____ ill, I would ask you to do this right now.
A. were B. had been C. are D. be
13. Should it rain, the crops _____.
A. would be saved B. would have been saved C. will be saved D. had been saved
14. He treated me as though _____his own son.
A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were
15. He smiled as if he _____ my thought.
A. read B. was reading C. had read D. has read
16. _____, all the students would hear.
A. If the teacher had spoken louder B. If the teacher will speak louder
C. Had the teacher spoken louder D. If the teacher spoke louder
17. If only I _____ my watch!
A. hadn’t lost B. haven’t lost C. didn’t lose D. don’t lose
18. You _____ such a serious mistake if you had followed his advice.
A. may not make B. might have not made
C. shouldn’t have made D. might not have made
19. “Have you ever been to Beijing?”
“No, but I wish I _____.”
A. have B. will C. do D. had
20. “ What will you do during the summer holiday?”
“I don’t know, but It’s high time _____ something.”
A. I’m deciding I’ll decide C. I decided D. I decide
Answers: 历届高考评估： 1---5 DCADB 6---10 CDCDA 11---15 BACCC
跟踪练习： 1---5 CCDCB 6---10 BBBAA 11---15 CCADC 16-20 DADDC