that宾语从句过五关

发布时间:2016-10-4 编辑:互联网 手机版

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作者:丁楠 姜经志

宾语从句是用来充当宾语成分的句子。其构成为"引导词+主语+谓语+其它",其语序是陈述句语序。引导宾语从句的连接词很多,多有实在意义,称为有意连词;that也可以引导宾语从句,但本身没有实在意义,称为无意连词。

[第一关] 情境关

that引导的宾语从句可以作动词、形容词等的宾语。主句中常见的谓语动词有say, know, hear, see, hope, think, believe, write, tell等。系动词加形容词afraid, worried, sure等后,也可用that引导的宾语从句。

如:I hope that he will come back soon. 我希望他能快点回来。

I am sure that he will write to me. 我相信他会给我写信。

I'm afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it. 恐怕如果你把它弄丢了,就得照价赔偿。

[第二关] 引导词that省略关

在由that引导的宾语从句中,由于连词that只起引导功能,无具体意义,不作句子成分, 因此在口语或非正式文体中常可省略,省略之后不影响原句性质和意义。

如:She said (that) she would leave the book on his desk.她说她会把那本书放在他的桌子上。

但是,在下列情况下,that不宜省略:

1. 主从句之间有插入语时。如:It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays.卡片上写着,它过去是演戏用的。

2. 从句中的主语是that时。如:He thought that that was a washing machine.他认为那是一台洗衣机。

3. 若出现两个或两个以上的that宾语从句,且由并列连词连接时,只有第一个连接词that可以省去,其余需保留。如:My aunt said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her daughter. 我姑姑说她要来,还要带她的女儿来。

[第三关] that宾语从句时态关

由that引导的宾语从句中的时态,通常分三种情况:若主句为一般现在时或一般将来时,宾语从句可根据具体情况选用时态;若主句是过去时,从句一般用相应的过去时态;若从句表示的是客观真理、名言、自然现象等,从句时态不受主句限制。

如: I think that he moved to Beijing five years ago.我想他是五年前搬到北京的。

He told me that he worked in that factory.他告诉我他在那个工厂上班。

The teacher said that light travels much faster than sound. 老师说光的传播速度比声音快得多。

[第四关] 否定转移关

主句若是I/We think (believe, guess, suppose, imagine...)时,后面的宾语从句若要表示否定概念时,一般应将否定词not 转移到主句的谓语中。

如:I don't think (that) you are right. 我认为你不对。

[第五关] 反意疑问句关

含that宾语从句的复合句在变成反意疑问句时,如果主句的谓语动词为think,believe, guess, suppose, imagine等且主语是第一人称时,附加疑问部分要由从句决定;反之,附加疑问部分由主句决定。

如:I don't think that he can answer this question, can he?我认为他答不出这个问题,不是吗?

He said that Mary liked playing football, didn't he?他说玛莉喜欢踢足球,不是吗?