.教学目的和要求
1.单词和词组
四会：march demand join in over and over again dream side by side
三会：housing citizen forbid peacefully put…in prison set an example minister separation marriage peaceful revolution liberate liberation act(n.) equally bill explode murder unfair speech make a speech content(n.) feeling clerk chairman admict tour textbook
二会：Birmingham Martin Luther King, Jr. Atlanta Georgia tennis educate Philadephia achieve Civil Rights Act bomb childhood Voting Rights Bill Rosa parks Alabama give in kennedy nationwide former brotherhood passport paperwork minority
II.重点与难点分析
⒈I was on the march.
march n. & v.
a)n.进军；行军；进行曲
①It was a long and difficult march. 这是一次又长又艰难的行军。
②The band played a military march. 军乐团演奏了一首军队进行曲。
b)v.行军；行进
They’re marched forty kilometres today. 他们今天行进了四十公里。
词组：on the march在行进中；在进行中
The army were on the march at 6 o’clock. 六点钟时部队在行军。
⒉I join in the march and we were marching peacefully along and then the police came up. 我参加了这次大行军，我们平平静静地向前走着，这里警察突然来了。
join意指“参加（某个团体，组织等）”
My brother joined the army in 1985. 我哥哥是1985年参军的。
I joined the League two years ago. 我是二年前入团的。
表示参加某种活动更常用“join in”。
The whole school will join in the concert. 全校都将参加这次音乐会。
*join sb. in sth. “参加（某人）一起干（某事）”
Will you join us in a walk? 你愿意和我们一起散步吗？
*join in与take part in都指“参加（某种活动）”，但join in多指参加正在进行的活动，如参加竞赛、娱乐、谈话等，而take part in只指参加活动。
The leading group decided to tell all the workers to take part in the strike. 领导小组决定通知所有的工人参加罢工。
⒊For years we’ve been demanding better housing and jobs. 多年来我们一直在要求改进居住条件和增加工作机会。
demand
⑴n.要求
It’s impossible to satisfy all demands. 不可能满足所有的要求。
⑵vt. 要求
She demanded to see the editor. 她要求见编辑。
⑶后接从句，用虚似语气
I demand that one of you (should) go there at once. 我要求你们中有一人立即到那儿去。
⒋They hit us with their sticks over and over again and put some of us in prison. 他们用警棍反复打我们，并把我们中的一些人关进监狱。
⑴over and over again一再；反复地
The teacher made us pronounce the same word over and over again. 老师让我们反复念同一个词。
Mother told me again and again not to be late for school. 妈妈一再叮嘱我上学不要迟到。
⑵put sb. in (into) prison把……关进监狱。常用被动式be put into prison。注意：prison前不加冠词
The robber was put into prison. 这个抢劫犯被关进监狱。
Many blacks were arrested and put into prison. 许多黑人被捕，关进了监狱。
Lesson 74
⒈By doing this he set an example to the rest of the world. 他以此给世界其它地区树立了榜样。
句中的set an example to sb意为“给某人树立一个榜样”
①Tom worked hard and set a good example to his classmates. 汤姆学习努力，为他的同学们树立了好的榜样。
②take for example以……为例
Take my sister for example, she is an excellent singer. 以我姐姐为例，她是一位优秀的歌唱演员。
③teach by example以身作则
In doing so, they are teaching by example.
④for example例如
A lot of people here, for example, John, would rather have coffee. 这里有许多人喜欢喝咖啡，例如约翰。
⒉He spent a lot of time talking and reading and delivered a paper round to earn some money. 他把大量的时间用来谈话和读书，为了赚钱，他还为一家报馆送报。
①spend…(in) doing sth. 花费……做某事
He spent much time correcting my grammar. 他花了很多时间改正我的语法。
He spends his whole life in looking after the poor. 他花了毕业精力照料穷人。
②round n.巡回；循环
a postman’s round邮递员的一圈投递值勤
The doctor’s round of visit to the homes of his patients. 医生对病人的巡回探视会诊
⒊There were separate sections for blacks in shops, restaurants, hospitals, buses and trains. 在商店，餐厅，医院，公共汽车和火车上都有专为黑人设置的隔离区。
①section意为“区”、“地段”
In the middle of the town there is a business section. 在市中心有一个商业区。
②separate是形容词，读作[seprit]，意为“单独的”“独自的”
The children sleep in separate beds. 孩子们各睡各的床
I must have a separate room. 我要有一个单间
separate作动词，读作[sep&reit]意为“分隔”“把……分开来”
Let’s separate the good apples from the bad ones. 咱们把好苹果与坏苹果分开来。
⒋He believed that they could achieve their good by peaceful revolution, not by fighting and killing. 他认为，可以通过和平革命达到社会变革的目的，而不通过战争和杀戮。
⑴①goal n.目的，目标 His goal is to be a doctor.
②（赛跑等）终点，（旅行）目的地 The goal of the space-men was Venus.
③（足球运动的）球门，守门员 The goal-keeper for our team was Harry. 我们球队的守门员是Harry。
⑵achieve v.
①取得，实现，完成，达到：adcieve the goal达到目标
②取得……成绩（或成就） I ‘ve achieved only half of what I hoped to do. 我只完成了一半我要做的事。
achievement n.
⒌If they wished to , they had to pass a reading test. 如果他们想要投票，就得通过阅读测验。
if they wished to …=if they wished to vote…后面省略了动词，只保留不定式符号，是为了避免重复。
E.g
You and do it if you wish to. 如果你想做这件事，那么你就做吧。
─Would you like to have a walk with me? 你想和我一起去散步吗？
─Yes, I’d like to. 我想去。
⒍Once, a bomb exploded and destroyed his house. 有一次，一枚炸弹爆炸，毁了他家房屋。
explode v.
①vt. 使爆炸
He exploded a bomb. 我引爆了一颗炸弹。
②vi. 爆炸
The boiler exploded and many people were injured by the hot steam. 锅炉爆炸，很多人被热气灼伤。
Lesson 75
⒈A group was formed to demand that the bus company should change its unfair practices and king was made president. 成立了一个组织，要求公共汽车公司改变这套不公平的做法，全被推举为这个组织的领导人。
句中的及物动词demand作“要求”解，后跟宾词从句，从句中的谓词动词要用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。
Mike came to my house and demanded that I (should) help him. 迈克到我家来，要求我帮忙。
They demanded that the magager give them an immediate answer. 他们要求经理立即答复他们。
⒉King called for black people not to give in but to continue the struggle. 金要求黑人不要妥协，而要继续斗争。
⑴call for要求，来找某人
They called for us to take a show of hands. 他们要求我们举手表决。
I’ll call for you at 7 this evening. 今晚7点我来找你。
⑵give in让步；妥协；投降
But in the end he gave in. 最后他让步了。
⑶not…but… 不是…而是…
Not Tom but I am a college student. 不是汤姆而是我是一个大学生。
I saw not Tom bud Mary in the street this morning. 今天早上我在街上碰到的不是汤姆而是玛丽。
⒊I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slowe owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. 我梦想有一天，在佐治亚的红山上，昔日奴隶的儿子将能够和昔日奴隶主的儿子坐在一起，共叙兄弟情谊。
⑴former adj. 从前的；昔日的
It was the former capital of Turkey. 那是土耳其从前的首都。
⑵brotherhood n. 兄弟般的关系
sisterhood n. 姐妹般关系
childhood n. 童年，幼年时代
boyhood / girlhood n. 少男时代；少女时代
⒋We needed a permit to go out after dark. 我们需要许可才能在天黑后出门。
permit n. & v.
⑴n. 许可，执照，许可证
Do you have driving permit? 你有驾驶执照吗？
⑵v. 许可，准许
We don’t permit smoking it the office. 办公室里不允许抽烟。
Permit me to explain. 请允许我解释一下。
一、教法建议
【抛砖引玉】
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ. 词汇学习
四会单词和词组：march , demand , join in , over and over again , dream , side by side , citizen , forbid , put … in prison , set an example , peaceful , bill , murder , unfair , speech , make a speech , clerk , chairman , admit , feeling
三会单词和词组：housing , minister , separation , marriage , revolution , liberate , liberation , equally , explode , content ( n .) , tour , textbook , tennis , educate , achieve , bomb , childhood , give in , passport , minority
Ⅱ. 交际英语
Asking the time and dates ( 问时间和日期 )
Some useful expressions ：
1 . What day is ( it ) today ?
2. What‘s the date today ?
3. Excuse me , what time is it by your watch ?
4 It’s Monday/Tuesday… It‘s January 10th .
交际示范：
( 1 )
A : It’s getting dark .
B : Yes . What time is it ( by your watch ) ? There‘s something wrong with my watch .
A : It’s a quarter to five .
B : Perhaps your watch is slow .
A : Oh , it has stopped . I must have forgotten to wind it last night . ( 我一定是昨晚忘记上弦了。 )
B : Well , let‘s ask Hellen over there .
A : Good idea .
B : Hellen , have you got the time ?
A : Yes , it’s half past six .
B : Is your watch right ? ( Does your watch keep good time ? )
C : Yes , it‘s half past six .
( 2 )
A : Hello , Wang Lin , I wonder if you’d be free next week .
B : I think so .
A : That‘s wonderful . I’ll be 20 years old next week . I‘d love you to come to my birthday party .
B : I’d like to . What date is that ?
A : It‘s May , 4th .
B : What day is that ?
A : It’s Tuesday .
B : Then what time will the party begin ?
A : At six sharp ( 六点整 ) in the evening . Will that be all right ?
B : Yes , it‘s very good . I’ll looking forward to it . And I wish you the best of luck .
A : Thanks . Oh , It‘s ten minutes to two . There’s little time left . I‘ll go to work . See you later .
B : See you later .
Ⅲ. 语法学习
使用情态动词要注意的问题
下面是同学们在使用情态动词时经常出现的问题，也是情态动词中的难点，而且又是近来高考的热点。
一、要注意一些同义、近义的情态动词的区别
1 . 表示可能性的 can’t 与 may not 的区别。
can‘t 常常表示“不可能”、“一定不”，may not 表示“可能不、或许不”。很明显，can’t 比 may not 语气强，把握性大。如：
The man standing over there _____ be Jack . He‘s gone to Hong Kong .
A . mustn’t B . can‘t C . won’t D . may not
说话者既然知道“He‘s gone to Hong Kong”，那么对“The man 不是 Jack”一定满有把握，故正确选项为 B。
2 . 表示“能够”意义的 can 与 be able to 的区别。
凡表示“经过努力、设法做成某事”时不用 can，须用 be able to。如：
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly , but everyone _____ get out . ( NMET97 )
A . had to B . would C . could D . was able to
句意为：大火弥漫整个旅馆，但人位学是设法逃了出来。故正确选项为D。
3 . 表示“不能”意义的 can’t 与 mustn‘t 的区别。
can’t 表示“不能”，是指无能力；mustn‘t 表示“不能”则指的是“禁止，不允许”。在口语里，can’t 也可表示“禁止，不允许”，但语气不如 mustn‘t 强。如：
( 1 ) 他年纪小，不能上学。
【 正 】He is so young that he can’t go to school .
( 2 ) 里边正在开会，不能吵闹。
【 正 】There‘s meeting inside . You mustn’t make any noise .
【 误 】There is a meeting inside . You can‘t make any noise .
二、要注意几个使用的特定范围
1 . 表示推测时，can 不能用在肯定句中 ( 但 could 能 ) ；may 和 might 不能用在疑问句中。如：
( 1 ) Peter _____ come with us tonight , but he isn’t very sure yet . ( MET93 )
A . must B . may C . can D . will
句意为：Peter 有可能同我们一块儿来，但还不肯定。正确选项为 B。
( 2 ) _____ it be a sunny day tomorrow?
A . Can B . May C . Shall D . Should
句意为：明天可能是睛天吗?正确选项是 A。
2 . 作为情态动词，need 和 dare 不能用在肯定句中 ( 条件状语从句除外 ) 。肯定句中，须把它们用作实义动词，后接带 to 的不定式。如：
【 误 】We need hold a meeting to discuss the matter .
【 正 】We need to hold a meeting to discuss the matter .
【 正 】If you need hold a meeting to discuss the matter , I‘ll give you a help .
3 . 在回答由 could 和 might 引起的表示请示的一般疑问句时，不能用 could 和 might ( 应分别用 can 和 may ) 回答。如：
- Could I borrow your dictionary?
- Yes , of course you _____ . ( MET92 )
A . might B . will C . can D . could
正确选项为 C。
三、要注意一些“形意不一致”的现象
1 . 过去式 could 或 might 后接动词原形可以表示对现在或将来 ( 不是对过去 ) 的推测。如：
I’m afraid it _____ snow tonight .
A . can B . should C . might D . must
2 . may ( not ) 和 can‘t 后接动词的完成式，表示对过去 ( 不是对现在或将来 ) 的推测。如：
- There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well .
- It _____ a comfortable journey .
A . can’t have been B . couldn‘t be C . mustn’t have been D . shouldn‘t be
四、要注意情态动词的常用形式的反常使用。
1 . should 和 ought to 后接动词原形，常表示“应该……”；但也可用来表示推测，意为“想必会……”。如：
( 1 ) It’s nearly seven o‘clock . Jack _____ be here ar any moment . ( NMET95 )
A . must B . need C . should D . can
句意为：“快七点钟了，想必杰克随时会到的”。正确选项为 C。
( 2 ) - When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon .
- They _____ be ready by 12∶00 . ( NMET98 )
A . can B . should C . might D . need
句意为“ - 我什么时候来取像片呢?我可是明天下午需要这些像片。”“ - 像片想必会在 ( 明日中午 ) 十二点以前洗出的。”正确选项为 B。情态动词表示推测，语气由强到弱的是：must ( 一定会 ) →ought to / should ( 想必会 ) →can / could ( 可能 ) →may / might ( 也许，或许 ) 。
2 . could 后接完成式常表示“ ( 过去 ) 可能……”，但也可用来表示责备语气，意为 “过去 ) 本来能够……， 而实际上却未…… ”。如：
- We could have walked to the station ; it was so near .
- Yes . A taxi _____ at all necessary . ( NMET92 )
A . wasn’t B . hadn‘t been C . wouldn’t be D . won‘t be
该题虽是一道考查动词时态的考题，但从“We could have walked to the station”可知，实际不是步行去火车站的。结合下句可知是坐了出租车去的，时间是过去，故正确答案是 A。
【指点迷津】
Look 短语动词归纳
1 . look after 照看，照顾，负责处理。
I can look after myself .
She’s been looking after the luggage .
2 . look at 看 ( 问题 ) ，看待。
That‘s the way I look at it .
He looks at a question from all sides .
3 . look back ( on ) 回顾，回想 ( 过去 ) 。
I like to look back on my high - school days .
If we look back , we realize the changes the war has made .
4 . look down on/upon 看不起，蔑视。
I wish you wouldn’t look down on this kind of work .
In her days women were looked down upon .
5 . look for 找寻，自找 ( 麻烦等。 )
I’ve been looking for you .
They‘re just looking for trouble .
6 . look forward to ( 跟名词/动名词 ) 盼望，希望。
They looked forward to seeing him again .
The children are looking forward to the New Year .
7 . look in 作短语时间的访问/参观， ( 顺路 ) 到某处去一下。
I’ll look in this evening to see how he is .
I‘ll look in at the shop on my way home .
8 . look into 调查，了解，研究。
We’ll look into this matter together .
The police are looking into the records of the thieves .
9 . look on 旁观，在旁边看。
Two men are fighting We‘re looking on .
You work and we’ll look on .
10 . look on … as … 把……看作……。
He looks on her as a child .
I don‘t look on him as a good doctor .
11 . look out 当心，注意，查出，找出。
If you don’t on him as a good doctor .
11 . look out 当心，注意，查出，找出。
If you don‘t look out you’ll hurt yourself .
Look out ! There‘s a car coming .
I’ll look our a few foreign stamps for you .
12 . look out for 当心，提防；留心找 ( 某物/某人 ) 。
Look out for snakes .
I‘m looking out for the mistakes .
13 . look over 翻阅，复习，查看，检查，看一看。
She looking over her notes before the exam .
I’m going to look over a house that I‘m thinking of buying .
14 . look round 回头看，审视，到处看看。
Don’t look round now but there‘s a police car following us .
We went to look round the town .
15 . look through 翻阅 ( 查看 ) ，读 ( 看 ) 一遍。
The teacher looked through the student’s work .
He looked through the book and decided that he wouldn‘t like it .
16 . look up 查出，了解。
Look up the word in the dictionary .
I must look up the time of your train .
二、学海导航
【学法指要】
单元重点词汇点拨
1. demand要求；需要
The workers demanded more money .
〖点拨〗(1) demand to do sth要求干…… 。不用demand sb to do 。但是，可以说：require / order / ask sb to do
(2) demand that + (should) 。
(3) sth + be required to do (不能用demanded )
(4) sth require / want / need + doing = sth require / want / need + ing
(5) make a demand for要求…… 。 in great demand大量需求。
They demanded that the equal rights (should) be given to everyone .
He demanded to be told everything that had happened .
2. forbid ( forbade / forbad , forbidden) 禁止；不许
Their teacher forbids them to watch TV .
Smoking is forbidden in public .
〖点拨〗(1) forbid sb to do禁止某人干……
(2) forbid + ing禁止干 …… 。I forbid your entering the room .
(3) forbid that sb (should) do …。I forbid that you (should) leave the room .
3. unfair不公平的，不公正的，不合理的
He is always saying that I’m unfair .
〖点拨〗注意unfair在句中时，后边的反意疑问句仍用否定式。如：She is unfair , isn’t she ?
4. admit承认
He admitted that he had been on the march . 他承认他参加了游行。
〖点拨〗（1）注意admit的过去式和过去分词形式的双写性。
(2) admit + ing承认干了 ……
Will you admit having broken the window ? = Will you admit that you have broken the window ?
(3) sb be admitted as … 某人被接纳为……。sb be admitted to / into接纳到……。
Children under 18 are not admitted to the film .
How many students have been admitted to the school this year ?
5. usual , common , ordinary 的用法
〖点拨〗三者都可用来描述每天发生的事，或被大多数人接受为正常自然的而不是新奇的事件。
usual 意为“通常的，寻常的，通例的”，用于修饰经常、固定或有一定的时间间隔重复发生的事，即有一定的规律性。
它可修饰符合自然规律的事物，也可修饰符合社会风俗或个人习惯的事物，侧重于一贯如此，遵循常规，并非新奇等含义。如：
Thunder is the usual sign of an approaching storm .
The following Thursday she went out at her usual time .
common 含有“平常，普通，常见，不足为奇”等意思，侧重于缺少显著或异常的特征，特别说明某物因司空见惯而普通。如：
Colds are common in winter .
A dog is one of the commonest pets .
This flower is common in spring .
ordinary 意为“正常的，通常的，平常的，普通的”，指由于与常规、习惯、一般标准或品质相同而普通，无特别惊人的性质。如：
He is an ordinary - looking man .
It was an early morning in summer . In the streets , sleepy - eyed people were moving quickly , heading towards their jobs . This was the beginning of another ordinary day in New York City . 一大早睡眼惺惺的人们匆匆赶路，前去上班，没有任何异常的迹象，这又是纽约城一个平常的日子的开始。
6. while
while 可以用作连词，也可以用作名词。
1) while 作为从属连词，意为 “ 当……时候 ” 时，相当于 when 引导一个时间状语从句。从句中的谓语动词通常是持续性动词。例如：
He can still breathe while his head is under water .
While ( we were ) walking along the river , we saw fish swimming about
in the water .
2) while 作为等立连词，连接两个并列分句时，这两个分句在意义上形成鲜明的正
反对比。这时 while 的意义近似于 but 。例如：
Jim is lazy while his sister is diligent .
We were busy here and there , while he had nothing to do .
Some products sell well , while others don’t . 有些产品很畅销，而其它产品却卖不出去。
3) while 作为从属连词，引导让步状语从句，这时 while 的意义相当于 though 。
例如：
While (＝Though ) she respected the manager , she didn‘t like him .
While the operation on him was successful , he couldn’t get back to the former state of health . 4) while 作为名词，可以表示 ( 一段 ) 时间。例如：
Please wait a while . ( a while ＝ a moment; a minute ) 请等一会。
The test will be carried out in a little while . ( a little while ＝ a short time )
I haven‘t seen you for a long while . ( for a long while ＝ for a long time )
单元词组思维运用
1. on the march在行军中，在进行，在游行
What happened on the march then ?
A new market economy is on the march .
2. be treated as = be regarded as , be considered as
3. join in参加（比赛，活动等）
Will you join us in a walk ?
She joined me in thanking you for your gift .
4. and then然后，接着
He went to Shanghai , and then HangZhou .
5. over and over again = over and over , again and again一再，反复
I’ve warned you , over and over again , not to do that .
6. put … in prison把 …… 投入监狱
The man was put in prison for stealing a car .
注意：在该短语的prison前无冠词。试比较：
He had been in prison for 20 years .
There is a prison in the city and there are about three thousands prisoners in the prison .
7. be in bad condition条件很差，情况不好
His health is in bad condition .
8. have (much) success取得（许多）成就
They have had great / much success in their research .
9. set / give an example to sb给某人树立榜样
Lei Feng set a good example to all of us .
set an example in doing在……树立榜样
10. have no rights to do没有权利干某事
You have no right to read my letter .
11. at this time此刻，此时，就在这时。this time这一次。
12. on the east coast of在……的东海岸
A beautiful city lies on the coast of the sea .
13. force sb to do强迫某人干……
14. from then on = from that time on从那时起。from now on = from today on从今以后
15. make an enemy of使……成为敌人，引起 …… 的敌视
If you say that , you will make an enemy of her .
16. work as从当，从事
He works as a bus driver .
17. send round派人送某物；分发；使传阅
Please send the invitations round .
18. give in屈服、让步、投降、交上
She refused to give in before the enemy .
19. for some time有一段时间。暂时，一会儿
20. separate … from把……和……分开
For us , love of our country cannot separated from love of our hometown .
21. set … free = give …freedom释放
22. make a speech演讲；讲话
23. judge… by / from …根据……判断
Judged by his words , he got angry .
24. far from远离，远非
He is far from well . 他一点也不健康。
25. side by side with = close together with并肩地；紧挨地
26. by now = by this time到这时，到现在，迄今
He has worked there a long time by now .
27. stop … from + ing = prevent sb from +ing阻止干……
28. huge numbers of = numbers of为数不少的，很多的
Huge numbers of people came from all over the country .
单元难点疑点思路明晰
1. The money spent on educating a black child was just one fourth of that spent on each white child . 用于每个黑人儿童的教育经费，只有每个白人儿童的四分之一。
〖明晰〗（1）spent on educating a black child和spent on each white child都是过去分词短语作定语，相当于两个定语从句，分别修饰先行词money和that 。
(2) 句中的that是代词，代替前面提到的the money 。代词that可用来代替前面提到的事物（单数名词或者不可数名词），以避免重复这个名词，但必须是这一名词在第二次出现时有后置定语。如：
Their cotton output (产量) of 1999 was double that of 1998 .
The sweater he wears today is different from that he wore yesterday .
The study of idiom is as important as that of grammar .
(3) 如果前面提到的是复数名词，后面就用those来代替。如：
The recorders we made this year are better than those we made last year .
(4) 替代词that和one都可以代替前面出现过的名词，但that用于特指，相当于“the + 名词”。one用于泛指，相当于“a / an + 名词”。one的复数形式是ones 。that只能代替事物，不能代替人。one可以代替人或者事物。that不能有前置修饰语，但可有后置修饰语；one一般可有前置修饰语，也可以有后置修饰语。请同学们仔细观察下列各句：
Mary’s handwriting is far better than that of Peter .
The book is more difficult than those we have before .
I’m looking for a house . I’d really like one with a garden .
The blue car looks nicer than the red one .
2. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character .
【妙文赏析】
I HAVE A DREAM我有一个梦想
──Martin Luther Jr. 马丁路德金
…
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave-owners, will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.
我想有一天，在佐治亚的红山上，昔日奴隶的儿子将能够和昔日奴隶主的儿子坐在一起，共叙兄弟情谊。我梦想有一天，甚至连密西西比州这个缺乏正义、压迫成风的地方，也将变成自由和正义的绿洲。
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character, I have a dream today.
我梦想有一天，我的四个孩子将在一个不是以他们的肤色，而是以他们的品格优劣来评价他们的国度里生活。我今天有一个梦想。
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama, with its vicious racists , with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one day right down in Alabama our little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today.
我梦想有一天，恶性种施歧视行为泛滥的阿拉巴马州能够有所转变，尽管该州州长现在仍然满口异议，反对联邦法令，但有朝一日，那里的黑人男孩和女孩将能与白人男孩和女孩情同骨肉，携手并进。今天我有一个梦想。
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low; the rough places will be made plain; and the crooked places will be made straight; and the glory of the lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together. This is our hope. This is the faith that I go back to the South with. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope . With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.
我梦想有一天，所有谷地会升高，所有山陵将夷平，崎岖不平之地变为平原，所有险阻化为康庄大道，上帝的光辉显现，让所有人类一齐瞻仰。这就是我们的希望。这就是我带回南方的信念。怀着这个信念，我们能够把绝望的大山凿成希望的磐石。怀着这个信念，我们能够将我国种族不和的喧嚣变为一曲友爱的乐章。怀着这个信念，我们能够一同工作，一同祝祈祷，一同奋斗，一同入狱，一同为争取自由而斗争，因为我们知道我们终将得到自由。
This will be the day, when all of God’s children will be able to sing with new meaning, “My country is of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing, Land where my fathers died, land of the Pilgrims‘ pride, from every mountain side, let freedom ring.” And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true.
在自由到来的那一天，上帝的所有儿女们将以新的含义高唱这支歌：“我的祖国，美丽的自由之乡，我为您歌唱。您是父辈逝去的地方，您是最初移民的骄傲，让自由之声从每一座山峦响起来。”如果美国是伟大的民族，这一天一定会到来。
【思维体操】
表示动作的动词本来可以在句中直接充当谓语动词，但英美却偏爱用 “ 及物动词 + 与动作动词意义相当的名词 ” 来取代这种单个的谓语动词。如说 “ 演讲 ” ，不用 speak , 而用 make a speech;说 “ 吸烟 ” ，不用 smoke，而用 have a smoke;说 “ 散步 ” 不用 walk , 而用 take a walk 。钱歌川先生说，这样做， “ 洋味浓厚 ” 。也有人说这是为了更有效地强调句中的谓语部分，是为了更好地体现 “ end - focus ( 末端中心 ) ” 的语义规则，并避免主语部分过长、谓语部分过短的句子结构失衡现象。这类表达方式在中学课本中常常可以见到。如：
store → make store ，smoke → have a smoke，breather → take a breath，draw → do drawing，explain → give an explanation to，promise → make a promise，use → make use of record → keep a record of，visit → pay a visit to，sit → take a seat，decide → make a decision bathe → take a bath，copy → make a copy of，affect → have an effect on，talk → give a talk
请口译下列句子，并注意划线的短语动词：
1 . It’s likely that the manager will make a decision soon .
2 . He has made a copy of the agreement between him and the manager .
3 . Prof . Yuan Longping is giving a talk about the science of farming which he has developed .
4 . I think it will be necessary for me to pay you a visit and see where you live .
5 . On August 28 , 1963 King made a speech to thousands of black people . That speech immediately became world - famous .
6 . Take a deep breath and I‘ll time you .
7 . The squirrel is an animal which makes secret food stores for the winter .
8 . The athlete not only wants to keep his record of high jump , but also desires to break it .
9 . They make a promise that they will never quarrel with each other again .
10 . Radioactive matter is dangerous to work with because it has a bad effect on the blood .
三、智能显示
【心中有数】
单元语法发散思维
whose 与 of which 的区别
我们经常可以看到引导定语从句的关系代词 whose 与 of which 相互替代。那么是不
是在任何情况下二者都可以互相替换呢 ? 它们之间的区别是什么 ?
〖思维〗1 . 形式不同。如：
The house _______ windows face south is our reading - room .
A . of which B . whose C . which D . its
此题正确答案是B，不能选择A。选择 of which 时应在名词前加上定冠词 the，也就是说如果名词前有 the 就只能用 of which。如果名词前没有冠词，就用 whose。如上句题干改为：The house _______ the windows face south is our reading-room . 此题就只能选择答案A而不能选择B了。
2 . whose 即可以指人，又可以指物，而 of which 只能用来指物。如：
The boss in whose department looked down upon women .
The house whose roof was damaged now has been repaired .
上面第一句不可用 of which 来改写，第二句可以。可写成：The house of which the roof was damaged has now has been repaired .
3 . of which 除了可以表示所属关系外，还可以用来表示整体的关系，而 whose 则不能。
He borrowed a book of which the author was a peasant .
In Barcelona the Chinese team got 16 gold medals , of which 12 were won by women .
第一句中的 of which 就可以用 whose 来代替。因为这个句子中 of 是用来表示所属关系。可改写成：He borrowed a book whose author was a peasant。而第二句中的 of which 就不要用 whose 来替。因为这个句子中的 of 不是表示所属关系，而是表示整体与部分的关系。
4 . 引导非限制性定语从句多用 whose，而很少用表示所属关系的介词 of 加上关系代词 which。如：
There is a mysterious lake at the foot the hill , whose depth has never been
measured . 山脚下有个神秘的湖，其深度从未测量过。
如介词 of 不表示所属关系，而是用来表示整体与部分的关系。此时就经常引导非限制性定语从句了。如；
There are 102 elements found in nature , of which most are metals .
The stories about the Long march , of which this is one example , are well written .
特殊的连系动词
be 是最常见的连系动词。除 be 之外，还有一些动词，从表面上看像是地地道道的实义动词，而实际上却具有系动词的某些特征。这些动词后面也可以跟形容词或名词等作表语。 请比较下面两例：
The sun is hot . 太阳很热。
The sun shines hot . 太阳火辣辣地照着大地。
句中的 is 是连系动词，不是实义动词；句中的 shines 则为特殊连系动词，本身具有实义，只是在译成汉语时，它的词义不一定直译出来。
再比较下面两例：
They are our friends .
They stand our friends .
句中的 are 是连系动词；stand 是 “ 特殊连系动词 ” ，有 “ 竖持不动摇，仍然是 ” 之意。
可见， “ 特殊连系动词 ” 具有双重性能，即连系动词性能和实义动词性能。
常见的 “ 特殊连系动词 ” 可分为三类：
1. 表示 “ 变成某种状态 ” 意义的系动词：become , come , fall , get , go , grow , make , prove , run , shine , turn , turn out , wear , work。例如：
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger .
This great prediction has come true .
One after another , the three of them fell asleep .
Please don’t get angry .
Xiang Lin‘s wife finally went mad .
You have grown so tall .
The instrument has proved most useful .
Their money was running short .
After the heated discussion many facts shone clear .
When she saw this , her face turned red .
He used to be a teacher till he turned writer .
The day turned out fine .
The cloth is wearing thin .
The button worked loose . 钮扣松了。
2. 表示 “ 保持某种状态 ” 意义的系动词：continue , die , go , hold , keep , lie , live , remain , rest , return , sit , stand , stay。例如：
I hope the weather will continue fine .
He went a child but returned a veteran worker .
The nation’s unemployment rate held steady at 9 . 8 percent in August .
Why do you keep silent ?
The thought lies heavy on his mind .
Liu Hulan lived a communist , and died a communist .
Little inconsequential items often loom large to invalids .
We must always remain modest and prudent .
We shouldn‘t rest satisfied with what we have achieved .
All the time she sat silent in the corner .
He stood 4 feet 9 inches . 他身高4英尺9英寸。
I still stand your friend .
The shop stays open till eight o’clock .
3. 表示 “ 自己感觉或令人感觉 ” 意义的系动词：appear , feel , look . seem , smell , sound , taste。例如：
He didn‘t want to appear a fool .
This appears an exception to the rule mentioned above .
Silk feels smooth .
He feels uneasy .
He looks quiet strong .
He seems quite happy .
The dish tastes delicious .
The explanation sounds all right .
The meat tastes good .
【动脑动手】
单元能力立体检测
请同学们仔细观察下面每个句子，然后删除多余的词 （上）
1 . When they came to a forest , they suddenly heard of someone calling for help .
2 . A cat can quickly get itself out of the trouble .
3 . My daughter is only four years old . She can’t dress for herself .
4 . I didn‘t know the teacher was in here , otherwise I would have come earlier .
5 . Everyone shared in making the picnic be a success .
6 . You may talk to Dr Jack , who is in the charge of that operation .
7 .-We visited at the History Museum yesterday .
-How long did you stay there ?
8 . What films are they showing on in the cinema this week ?
9 . I hope you won’t forget that I have told you to buy ?
10 . Such a clever child as he can work out this maths problem .
11 . He said there would be a football match on next Sunday .
12 . He is so simple he will believe in anything you tell him .
13 . After he explaining us the difficult words in this lesson , the teacher asked us to read the text .
14 . By the last year , our hometown had been liberated for about 30 years .
15 . The girl was made to sing the song , but she made her sister to sing it for her .
16 . We listened , but no sound reached to us .
17 . They didn‘t set him free not until he was old and sick .
18 . Another a new school is now being built in mp city .
19 . Her pride , however , would not let her to do that .
20 . Man’s knowledge of space has been developed rapidly .
21 . The old man looked at healthy , but he felt sick .
22 . What a freezing weather it is !
23 . John had been saving money for years and at the last he was able to buy a car of his own .
24 .-Could you tell me the way to the post office ?
-Sorry , I‘m a stranger for myself .
-Thank you , all the same .
25 . Go and get your coat . It’s there where you left it .
答案与解析：1 . heard 后面去掉 of , 表示直接“听到” 2 . out of the trouble 中去掉 the 3 . dress 后去掉 for , 直接加宾语 4 . in here 去掉 in 5 . 去掉 be 6 . in the charge of 去掉 the 7 . visited 为及物动词，去掉 at 8 . 去掉 showing 后面的 on 9 . 去掉 what 前面的 that 10 . he is can 中的 is 多余 11 . next Sunday 前面不必加 on 12 . believe“相信某人的话”，去掉 in 13 . he 在 explaining 前多余 14 . By the last year 去掉 the 15 . 在 made her sister to sing 中去掉 to 16 . reached 为及物动词，去掉 to 17 . 去掉 until 前面的 not 18 . 去掉 Another 后面的 a 19 . let her to do 中的 to 多余 20 . 去掉 been , has developed 不用被动 21 . look healthy 为系表结构，去掉 at 22 . weather 为不可数名词，去掉 a 23 . at the last 中的 the 多余 24 . 去掉 myself 前面的 for 25 . 去掉 there , where 引导表语从句
【创新园地】
请同学们用最近几个单元的关键语言点进行句子转换：
1. Twelve nurses make up this medical team .
This medical team are twelve nurses .
2. If our city is seen from the top of the mountain , it looks more beautiful .
from the top of the mountain , our city looks more beautiful .
3. He is likely to do it very well .
likely he will do it very well .
4. I continued to shout at her .
I at her .
5. He promised to come but hasn’t arrived yet .
He promised to come but hasn’t yet .
6. I have decided to do it .
I have to do it .
7. It happened that I had no money with me .
happened no money with me .
8. He likes to be alone .
He likes to be .
9. More and more people didn’t have their jobs .
More and more people were .
10. Go and see what those girls are busy with .
Go and see what those girls are .
11. He didn’t know what to do next .
He what to do next .
12. He decided to buy a new dictionary with the money he saved .
He buy a new dictionary with the money he saved .
13. I couldn’t persuade him to accept my gift .
I couldn’t persuade him my gift .
14. We went to the park not by bus ; we went there on foot .
We went to the park on foot by bus .
（请同学们写好后把答案反馈给我们）
【创新园地】答案：1. made up of 2. Seen 3. It , that 4. went on shouting 5. turned up 6. made up my mind 7. I , to have 8. on his own 9. out of work 10. up to 11. had no idea 12. was determined to 13. into accepting 14. instead of (或者用：rather than)