知识记忆
§2.1知识网络
1.every now and then/again不时地
Write me a post card every now and then.
请不时地给我写张明信片。
Every now and then a plane would take off.
不时会有一架飞机起飞。
He only comes to London every now and then.
他只是偶尔来趟伦敦。
Every now and again she wiped her eyes with a handkerchief.
她不时地用手帕擦一擦眼睛。
2.downtown adv.往城里，往市中心
Let's go downtown this afternoon.
咱们今天下午去闹市区吧。
I went downtown to do some shopping today.
今天我到商业区购物去了。
They moved downtown last year.
他们搬到城里去了。
He lives downtown.他住在市区。
downtown adj.商业区的，闹市区的
He was born in downtown Tianjin.
他生在天津闹市区。
I work in a downtown office.
我在市区的一家公司上班。
The downtown traffic is very bad.
闹市区的交通很差。
3.surrounding n.（常用复数）环境，周围的事物
I'd like to bring up my child in healthy surroundings.
我想在健康的环境中养育我的孩子。
The hotel stands in picturesque surroundings.
宾馆四周的环境优美如画。
surrounding adj.周围的，附近的
the surrounding country近郊
the surrounding scenery四周的风景
surround v.包围；围绕
be surrounded with/by…被……环绕着
A crowd surrounded him.一群人围着他。
The school was surrounded by/with a fence.
学校四周围着篱笆。
Mystery surrounds the actress's death.
女演员之死笼罩着神秘的气氛。
4.feast n.(感官、精神等的)享受；盛宴
The flower exhibition was a feast for the eyes.
看花展是件赏心悦目的事。
The classical music is really a feast for the ears.
这首古典乐曲令人大饱耳福。
a wedding feast喜宴
give/make/hold a feast举行宴会，设宴
There are no feasts in the world which do not break up at last.
天下没有不散的筵席。
The Queen invited them to a feast.
女王邀请他们参加庆宴。
The King made a great feast to his ministers.
国王大宴群臣。
5.dip n.(在江、河、湖、海中)洗澡，游泳
take a dip in the lake在湖里游泳
I will have a dip in the sea.
我要洗个海水浴。
dip v.浸泡，沾水
He dipped the pen into ink.
他把笔浸到墨水里。
The little girl dipped a piece of bread into her soup.
小女孩把一块面包泡到汤里。
dip into把手伸入；浏览，稍加研究
He dipped into his pocket to get his key out.
他把手伸进口袋掏钥匙。
I haven't read that book carefully.I've only dipped into it.
我没有认真读过那本书，只是随便翻阅过。
I have been dipping into ancient history.
我一直在研究古代史。
6.shore n.滨，岸
They kept walking along the shore.
他们一直沿着岸边走。
There was an old house on the shore.
岸上有栋老房子。
They found a ship about 2 miles off the shore.
他们发现在离海岸2英里处有一艘轮船。
off shore在离岸的海里，在离海岸不远处
The boat is two miles off shore.
那艘船在离海岸两英里的海里。
on shore在岸上，在陆上
In the storm,many seamen wished they were on shore.
有暴风雨时，很多水手都希望在岸上。
They went on shore the moment the ship reached the harbor.
轮船一到港口，他们就上了岸。
7.budget n.预算(常与介词for连用)
a family budget家庭预算
the government budget for the coming year
下年度的政府预算
an advertising budget of $8000
八千美元的广告预算
introduce/open the budget提出预算方案
She made a monthly budget for her family.
她为家庭做了每个月的预算。
budget v.编制预算
He budgeted for buying a house.
他为买房子编制预算。
He saves a lot of money by careful budgeting.
他通过精打细算节省了大笔钱。
8.rate 价格；费用；速度；效率
The room rates at the hotel range from $10 to $35 per day.
那家宾馆的房间价格从10美元到35美元不等。
What's the letter postage rate to foreign countries?
往国外寄信的费用是多少？
The train was going at a rapid rate.
那辆火车高速行驶。
They are walking at the rate of 4 kilometres an hour.
他们以每小时4公里的速度行进。
She can read at the rate of 100 words a minute.
她的阅读速度是每分钟100词。
The birth rate is under control in this country.
这个国家的出生率已得到控制。
The divorce rate is very high in the United States.
美国的离婚率很高。
at any rate无论如何，不管怎样；至少
At any rate I will come.无论如何我都会来。
She didn't work very hard,but at any rate,she passed the test.
她不很用功，但至少她通过了考试。
at this/that rate如果是这样的话，如果这样继续下去的话
At this rate we won't be able to buy a house.
照这情形来看，我们可能买不起房子。
9.sight n.情景，景象[C]；目光，视力，视野[U]
The sunset is a beautiful sight.
落日是很美的景象。
What a sad sight!多么悲惨的景象啊!
She has good/poor sight.她视力好(差)。
Keep out of my sight.不要让我看到你。
I watched him until he disappeared from sight in the distance.
我望着他直到他消失在远方。
a/the sight of看到，见到
The crowd waited for a sight of the Queen passing by.
人群等着看王后从这里经过。
The sight of a snake frightened her.
看到蛇把她吓坏了。
10.accommodation n.住处，膳宿(通常用复数形式)；方便，便利(不可数)
Please phone the hotel for accommodations.
请打电话给旅馆订房间。
This hotel has accommodations for 2 000 guests.
这家旅馆有容纳2000名客人的设备。
Can we find accommodations at a hotel for tonight?
我们今晚能找到旅馆住宿吗？
It would be an accommodation to me if you could come.
你若能来，对我而言真是好极了。
§2.2发散思维
1.disappointed adj.失望的，感到失望的
They were disappointed about/with/at/in the results.
他们对结果感到失望。
She was disappointed at not being invited to the wedding.
她由于未获邀请参加婚礼而感到失望。
She was disappointed of her purpose.
她因没有达到目的而感到失望。
I was disappointed that she was not able to come.
她不能来，令我很是失望。
disappointing adj.令人失望的；扫兴的
What disappointing news it is!
多么令人失望的消息!
It was disappointing not to be able to see her.
不能见到她真令人失望。
disappoint vt.使失望，使沮丧
The result disappointed me.
结果使我失望。
Her lack of success disappointed Mary.
她未能成功使玛丽很失望。
disappoint vt.使(计划、希望等)落空，受挫，辜负
The accident disappointed our plans.
这次意外事件使我们的计划落空。
disappoint a person's expectation辜负某人的期望
2.guarantee vt.保证……免受损失或伤害；确保
guarantee sth.保证……
They guarantee this clock for a year.
他们对这个钟表保修一年。
I guarantee the success of the show.
我保证这场表演会成功。
guarantee sb.sth./guarantee sth.to sb.保证某人……
Buying a train ticket doesn't guarantee you a seat.
买到火车票并不保证你有座位。
They guaranteed their workers regular employment.
他们保证长期雇用他们的工人。
guarantee to do sth.保证做某事
I guarantee to pay off his debt.
我保证付清他的债务。
I guarantee to be here tomorrow.
我保证明天来这里。
guarantee sth.(to be)…保证……是……
The art dealer guaranteed the picture (to be) genuine.
那个工艺品商保证这幅画是真品。
guarantee that…保证……
I guarantee that you will be satisfied with the result.
我保证你会对结果感到满意。
Who can guarantee that he will keep his word?
谁能担保他说话算数？
知识记忆
§2.1知识网络
1.arrival n.到达者；到达物；到达
He was the last arrival.
他是最后一个到达的
There were several new arrivals in the school.
学校新来了几个学生。
We are waiting for Tom's arrival.
我们在等候汤姆的到来。
The arrival of the train was delayed by the storm.
火车因暴风雨而晚点了。
Our time of arrival in Tokyo is four o'clock.
我们到达东京的时间是4点。
on/upon one's arrival某人一到达就……
They gave him a warm welcome on his arrival.
他一到达，就受到他们的热烈欢迎。
She sent her mother a telegram upon her arrival in Paris.
她一到巴黎就给她妈妈发了一封电报。
On his arrival at the airport,he called a taxi.
他一到机场便叫了一辆出租车。
2.sacrifice n.牺牲
Parents often make sacrifices for their children.
父母常为子女作种种牺牲。
I would never dream of asking you to make such a sacrifice.
我从没想让你作出这样的牺牲。
He achieved his success at great sacrifice.
他作了很大的牺牲才获得成功。
at the sacrifice of以牺牲……为代价
sell sth.at a sacrifice贱卖，亏本出售
sacrifice vt.牺牲；奉献；把……作祭品
She sacrificed her life to save her child from the fire.
她为了从火中救出孩子而牺牲了自己的生命。
I won餿 sacrifice my health in pursuit of wealth.
我不会为追求财富而牺牲自己的健康。
He sacrifices health for/to pleasure.
他为了玩乐而牺牲健康。
They sacrificed a lamb to God.
他们以羔羊作祭品供奉上帝。
3.former adj.以前的；(两者中的)前者(要与the连用)
He is one of my former classmates.
他是我以前的一位同学。
Clinton is the former president of the United States.
克林顿是美国前总统。
I prefer the former design to the latter.
我比较喜欢前者的设计方案，不喜欢后者。
Joan and Jane are sisters.The former is a pianist;the latter is a singer.
琼和简是姐妹，前者是钢琴家，后者是歌手。
Of pigs and cows,the former is less valuable.
猪和牛比较，前者较不值钱。
4.recover vt.恢复原状；恢复；(使身体)复原
He is beginning to recover his strength.
他开始恢复体力。
I don't think he will recover.
我认为他不会恢复健康。
recover from…从……中恢复过来
He is recovering from a severe illness.
他正从重病中复元。
We haven't yet recovered from the shock.
我们还没有从那次打击中恢复过来。
The country has not yet recovered from the effects of the war.
那个国家尚未从战争的影响中复原。
recover oneself恢复健康，痊愈；清醒过来；镇定下来；重新站稳
I got a bad cold but I recovered myself a week later.
我得了重感冒，但一周后就痊愈了。
She soon recovered herself and stopped crying.
她很快镇定下来，停止了哭泣。
I almost fell but managed to recover myself.
我几乎跌倒，但还是设法站稳了。
5.shoot vt.射死；射中；发射
He shot a deer in the forest.
他在森林里射杀了一只鹿。
He was shot in the arm.他被击中手臂。
He shot himself,which made us shocked.
他开枪自杀了，使我们非常震惊。
The police shot the terrorist dead.
警察击毙了那个恐怖分子
shoot at…向……开枪，向……射击
The captain ordered his men to shoot at the enemies.
上尉命令他的士兵向敌人开火。
He shot at a wild duck,but missed it.
他朝着一只野鸭射击，但没射中。
比较：He shot a bird and killed it.
他射杀了一只鸟。
6.vain adj.徒劳的；徒然的
But his efforts were vain.
但是他的努力是徒劳的。
It is vain to resist.反抗是没用的。
She made a vain attempt to stop him.
她试图阻止他，但是徒然。
in vain徒劳；白辛苦
He tried in vain to memorize the poem.
他怎么背都没办法把那首诗背出来。
He tried to save his son from drowning,but in vain.
他试图救他儿子免于溺死，但是徒然。
All their attempts were in vain.
他们所有的尝试都是徒劳。
7.overcome vt.战胜；克服
We overcame the enemy and marched on.
我们战胜了敌人，继续前进。
He overcame his fear of the dark.
他克服了对黑暗的恐惧。
He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness.
他努力克服了自己的致命弱点。
She overcame her bad habits.
她克服了自己的坏习惯。
be overcome by/with…不堪忍受……，极为……
He was overcome by the heat.
他热得受不了。
She was overcome by fear.她吓得要命。
The child was overcome by weariness and slept.
那孩子疲倦之极，睡着了。
8.gather v.聚集，聚拢；收集，积累
Thousands of people gathered for the rock concert.
数千人聚集在一起听摇滚音乐会。
Worker ants gather food and repair the nest.
工蚁收集食物及修理巢穴。
He gathered up his papers and left.
他把文件收拾起来就离开了。
He gathered his students around him.
他把学生聚集在他周围。
He likes to gather wealth.
他喜欢积累财富。
9.clothing n.(总称)衣服，服装(不可数名词)
a piece of clothing或an article of clothing一件衣服
There is nothing but clothing in this cupboard.
橱子里只有衣服。
We have plenty of food and clothing.
我们有充足的食物和衣物。
The government provides its people with food,clothing and shelters.
政府为人民提供食品、衣物和住所。
Food here is cheaper than in Britain;clothing,on the other hand,is dearer.
这里的食物比英国便宜，但衣物较贵。
In those days they were not able to afford woolen clothing.
那时候，他们买不起毛衣。
10.willing adj.乐意的，自愿的
I'm quite willing to help you.
我很乐意帮助你。
He was still willing to marry her.
他仍然愿意娶她。
Are you willing that he should join our group?
你愿意他加入我们的团体吗？
Are you willing that he should be admitted into our club?
你愿意他加入我们的俱乐部吗？
§2.2发散思维
1.insist v.坚持，坚决要求
insist on/upon sth.
He insisted on his correctness.
他坚称他是对的。
I insist on quietness in my room.
我要求在我的房间里要安静。
He insisted on the obedience of each man.
他坚决要求人人服从他。
insist on (one's) doing sth.
He insisted on writing her a letter at once.
他一定要马上给她写一封信。
She insisted upon lending them her car.
她坚持把她的车借给他们。
I insisted on being given another chance.
我坚决要求再给我一次机会。
I must insist on your giving me an immediate answer.
我坚持你立即给我答复。
insist后可接that从句，从句中的谓语动词用"(should)+动词原形."形式。
We insisted that she (should) come to the party.
我们坚持她一定要来参加聚会。
He insisted that the work be finished by the end of this month.
他要求这个月底完成工作。
She insisted that her mother send her to a dancing school.
她要求她妈妈送她到舞蹈学校学习。
insist有时可用作不及物动词。
-Let me pay.我来付钱吧。
-All right,if you insist.那好吧，如果你坚持的话。
I'll go with you if you insist.
如果你坚持的话，我就跟你一块去。
insist vt.坚持认为，硬说
此时后接that从句，但从句中的谓语动词不能用虚拟语气。
He insists that the answer is right.
他坚持认为答案是正确的。
She insisted that she needed no help.
她坚持说她不需要帮助。
2.supply vt.提供，供应
supply sth.to/for sb.或supply sb.with sth."给某人提供某物"
In Britain milk is supplied to each house in bottles.
在英国牛奶是以瓶装的形式送到各家的。
The school supplies books to the students.
→The school supplies the students with books.
学校为学生提供书籍。
Miss Wang is well supplied with money.
王小姐很有钱。
supply n.供应，供给；供应品，生活用品
The water supply in this town is good.
这个城镇的水供应很好。
They sent some medicine supplies for the old.
他们为老年人提供了一些药品。
England largely depends on other countries for her food supplies.
英国主要依靠别的国家来供给食物。
a supply of或supplies of "大量的"
Bring a large supply of food with you.
请你带上大量的食物。
The cupboard has a good supply of books.
这个橱子里有很多书。
The bear has stored supplies of fat in its body.
熊在身体里储存着大量的脂肪。