Unit 7 Living with Disease
Period 1
(Warming up/listening/ speaking)
一、剖析重点词汇词组句型
I. Word Usage:
1．deadly adj. & adv．
(1)adj．极其危险的，致命的；极度的，非常的；像死了似的，死气沉沉的
Cancer is a deadly disease．癌症是一种致命的疾病。
A deadly silence filled the class．
教室里死一般的寂静。
Her deadly appearance was due to long illness．
因为长期生病，她的脸色死气沉沉的。
(2)adv．非常，极其；死了似的
I am deadly sleepy．我太困了。
deadly pale 死一样的苍白
2．attitude rt．态度[C]
习惯与attitude搭配的动词有take(采取)，adopt(采取)，keep(保持)等，
介词习惯用towards或to。
一些人对残疾人抱有错误的态度。
Some people hold the wrong attitude towards the disabled.
The writer’s attitude towards life is strange．
这个作家对生活的态度有点奇怪。
3．imaginary adj. 想像出来的，虚构的
这故事不是真实的，而是虚构的。
This is a true story not an imaginary one.
*imaginative adj 富于想像力的，爱想像的
an imaginative child/ writer/ production
有想像力的孩子/ 富于想像力的作家/ 体现出想像力的产品
拓展：*imaginable adj．可想像的，想像得到的
*imagine v．想像
*imagination n．想像力；想像出来的东西，幻想
4. quiz noun [C] (plural quizzes)
1.GAME a game in which you answer questions
a television quiz show
2.TEST (US) a short test on a subject in school
*verb [T] (quizzing, quizzed)
to ask someone questions about something
A group of journalists quizzed them about/on the day's events.
5．infect vt. 传染，染上细菌；影响(指坏的影响)，感染(好的影响)
Anyone with a bad cold may infect the people around him．
感冒严重的人会使他周围的人也感染病菌的。
The wound was infected with germs．
伤口被细菌感染了。
Her spirit infected me．她的精神感染了我。
*infection n. 传染，感染；传染病
*infectious adj．有传染性的
6．transmit vt．＆vi传送，传导，输送；播送(节目)：
The programme will be transmitted at 8 o’clock．
这节目将在八点播放。
Rats transmit disease．
老鼠传播疾病。
*transmission n．传送(播／递)；播送的节目，一段广播
7．via prep．经由
他经由巴拿马运河从纽约到加利福尼亚。
He travelled from New York to California via the Panama Cannel.
The news reached me via my aunt．
这消息是通过我阿姨而知道的。
The train to Utrecht goes via Amsterdam.
I receive all my work via e-mail.
8．persuade Vt．
(1)跟不定式的复合结构(persuade sb. to do sth.= persuade sb into doing sth.)
He also persuaded other people to provide money or to give help．
他也说服了其他人或者提供钱或者提供帮助。
你能不能劝他改变那个愚蠢的计划?
Can you persuade him to change the foolish plan?
(2)跟带副词或介词短语的复合结构
She persuade him up for a cup coffee．
她劝他上来喝杯咖啡。
It's very difficult to persuade him of the fact.
*persuade的准确含义是“说服”，表示“说而不服”不能用persuade，而用try to persuade
我试着去说服他放弃吸烟，可他拒绝了。
I tried to persuade him to give up smoking but he refused.
II. Useful expressions:
*challenge an opinion
*be/ become infected with
*be / make friends with
*the center for Discussion Control and Prevention
*take notes of
III. Sentence Patterns:
*If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.
*One reason is that......
*What if...?
二、课堂跟踪反馈
I．Put the following into English
1．和携带艾滋病毒的人交朋友是安全的。
2．人们对待艾滋病毒携带者的态度是错的。
3．这故事不是真实的，而是虚构的。
4．他也说服了其他人或者提供钱或者提供帮助。
5．伤口被细菌感染了。
Homework:
I．Finish the exercises of this period in the workbook
II．Review words and expressions of this period
Period 2
(Reading)
***Reading comprehension questions:
Passage I
1. Which of the following is true?
A. People will die immediately after they get AIDS.
B. HIV spreads only through blood.
C. Xiaohua was three when her mother died.
D. AIDS is a disease that break down the body's immune system and leave a person defense against
infections and illnesses.
2. Which of the following is not true?
A. In 2002, 3.2 million children in the world were infected with HIV.
B. The disease is spreading faster in America and parts of Asia.
C. Xiaohua knows that she will die before she can grow up.
D. Xiaohua wants to be a doctor to help AIDS patients.
3. What are the means of being infected with AIDS?
A. Through blood and other body liquids. B. By having unprotected sex
C. Through birth D. All of the above.
4. The text mainly tells us ________.
A. how terrible AIDS is
B. how miserable Xiaohua is
C. what we should do towards AIDS and AIDS patients
D. how to help Xiaohua
5. From the text, we can infer that _______.
A. we should avoid any contact with AIDS patients
B. Xiaohua wants to give a hug to an AIDS patient
C. Xiaohua's life won't be as long as her classmates', so she is unhappy
D. people should try to know about AIDS
(CBDCD)
一、剖析重点词汇词组句型
1．break down
(I)(机器、车辆等)坏了
His small electric fan broke down．
他的小电风扇坏了。
很抱歉我们来晚了，可车子坏了。
We are sorry for being late, but our car broke down on the way.
(2)(计划，谈判等)失败了；坚持不下去了
The peace talks have broken down．和平谈判已经失败了。
(3)(身体)垮了；感情控制不住(哭起来了)
I can’t have you breaking down in health．
我不能让你的身体垮了。
She broke down with a sob．她克制不住呜咽起来。
(4)(谈话、通讯)中断
He broke down in the middle of his speech．
演讲到一半时他停止了。
2．immune adj. 免疫(后接to，from或against)；免于，免受
This medicine will make you immune to／from measles．
*immune from additional taxes 免纳附加税
*immunity 免疫力；免除，豁免
*immune system 免疫系统
3．leave sb．defenseless使某人没有防卫
(1)defenseless adj 没有防卫的，不能保护自己的
a defenseless child/ animal没有自卫能力的孩子/ 动物
defend v．保护，保卫
defense n．防御，防护，保卫
defensive adj．防御用的，防御性的
defensible adj.可保卫的，可防御的
(2)leave vt＆vi
【注意】
(1)“leave+某地”和“leave for+某地”的意义大相径庭：前者是“离开某地”；后者是“到某地去”。
我们离开上海去北京。
We left Shanghai for Beijing.
(2)leave可用作复合及物动词，表示“听任在某处、使保持某一状态”，其后的宾语补足语为形容词、副词、
副词性短语、分词、名词及其他结构。
You’d better leave the door open．你最好让门开着。
要么带我去，要么让我留在这儿。
You either take me along or leave me here.
Did you leave it in winter before you washed it?
Then I left him standing outside．然后我让他一直站在外面。
It’s better to leave something unsaid．有些事最好别说。 、
She was left an orphan．她成了孤儿。
Leave it where it is．把它放在那儿，别动它。
4．manage vt&vi经营，管理
(1)跟名词或代词，作“设法做到(得到)、支配、处理、对付得了”等解，常与can，could连用。
I can manage it myself．我能自己处理。
Can you manage these heavy boxes?你能拿得动这些箱子?
I can not manage another cake．
再来块蛋糕的话，我就吃不下了。
(2)可用作不及物动词，作“能办得到、设法解决、勉强维持”等解。
别担心，我能处理好的。
(3)后接不定式，表示“设法(终于)完成(某件困难的事)”
How do fish manage to live in the seas near Antarctica?
鱼怎样设法在南极洲附近的海域生活的呢?
5．illness与disease的区别：
disease指患的或传染的具体“疾病”，是医学研究的课题，也可引申指社会“弊病”；illness指患病状态或期间，它是由disease引起的“病”或造成的“病态”。以下几句中illness不宜用disease替换：
During her illness，she never wrote a letter．
在她生病期间，没有写一封信。
She suffered from a serious illness last year．
去年她生了一场重病。
ill与sick的区别：
(1)ill作“生病的，有病的”解时只用作表语，不用作定语；ill作“坏的(bad)，恶的(evil)”
解时只能用作定语，不用作表语。
------你生病了吗? Are you ill?
------是的，我有点儿病了。 Yes, I'm a bit sick/ill.
Don’t make friends with a person with an ill name．
(2)sick表生病，可用作定语或表语。
treat sick people治疗生病的人
feel sick感觉生病了
5．treatment n．对待，处理[U]；治疗[U]；治疗办法[C]
You’ll never be well without treatment
你不治疗身体是不会好的。
He has tried many treatments for skin disease．
他试了很多方法治疗他的皮肤病。
6．unprotected adj. 没有保护的
protect v．保护、保卫(protect sb．／sth．against／from sth．)
You need warm clothes to protect you against the cold．
你要穿上暖和的衣服才不会挨冻。
*protection n．保护，防卫
*protective adj 保护的
7．transfusion n．输血
The injured man had lost a lot of blood and had to be given a transfusion．
那个受伤的男子失血过多，必须进行输血。
8．die of与die from的区别：
指死于疾病、毒、饥饿、年迈等，通常用of；
指死于衰弱、负伤、过劳等，通常用from；
指死于暴行、缢杀、刀箭等非常原因，通常用by；
指死于忧愁、羞耻、愤怒等，通常用with。
He died of sickness(poison，hunger，old age)
He died from weakness(wound，overwork)
He died by violence(hanging，the sword)
He died with grief(joy，shame，envy)
9．until prep＆conj．
(1)until用于肯定句作“直到……为止”解时，句子谓语一般是延续性动词(如stay，sleep，work，study，play等)，表示动作一直延续到until所表示的时间为止。
Go on until you reach the end．坚持到最后。
He waits until the children are asleep．他要等到孩子都睡了。
The smoke grew heavier and heavier until finally it turned into a terrible Genie(妖怪)．
(2)until用于否定句作“在……以前、直到……才”解时，句子谓语一般是终止性动词
(如come，arrive，leave，die等)
You needn’t come until six．你不必在六点前过来。
我们要到明天才回来。
I won't be back until tomorrow.
(3)以until引起的句子谓语要用一般时来代替将来时。
(4)until作“直至……为止”解时，只能指时间，不能指空间。如不能说
“We walked till the bridge”；而要说
“We walked tm we got to the bridge．”
(5)注意until与till用法上的区别：不论用作介词还是连词，till都不如until常用；until多用于正式文体中，语气较郑重；在句子的开首用until比用till普遍；在名词和较短的从句前多用till．
(6)比较not…until与not…before
He didn’t know any English until he came to England．
He didn’t know any English before he came to England．
两者的区别在于着眼点不同：until侧重于主句转化后的情况； before则侧重于事物的原有情况。
10．wish n．＆v．
(1)n．愿望，意愿[c](+to do sth．；for sth)；祝愿(多作复数) ．
My wish to get the prize(for the prize)came true．
我想要获奖的愿望实现了。
请接受我们真诚的祝福。
Please accept our sincere wishes to you.
(2)v．希望，但愿
①跟不定式或带不定式的复合宾语
I don’t wish to leave my mother alone．
我不希望留下我妈妈一个人。
这个话题我不想再提了。
I won't mention the matter again.
②跟带形容词或名词或代词的复合结构
1 wish you well．我希望你身体好。
祝你好运。
Wish you good luck.
③跟从句(从句要用虚拟语气,用did (were)/ had done / would/could +v来分别表示与现在、过去和将来事
实相反的情况)
1 wish we could go to the seaside today．
但愿我们今天能去海边。
我多希望我没有说过那些。
How I wish I hadn't said that before.
I wish the weather were better．多希望天气好点。
11. 1ack vt．& n．
(1)v. lack一般用作及物动词，但也有时用作不及物动词，与for搭配，表示“缺乏”，习惯用于否定句。
I lack the courage to do it．我没有勇气去做那件事。
She doesn’t lack for money．她不缺钱。
他不缺少朋友。
He doesn't lack for friends.
*be lacking in缺乏(某种品质、特点等)，不够……
She is lacking in wisdom(courage，humour，common sense)
她缺乏智慧(勇气、幽默、常识)。
(2)n．缺乏，没有(多作不可数名词，有时可加不定冠词)
The boy can’t go to school for (through／from) lack of money．
因为缺钱，那个男孩上不了学。
A lack of food caused him to grow weak．
食物匮乏使他身体很弱。
12．proper恰当的。合适的
(1)proper可用作定语，或表语。用作表语时常用如下结构：
It is proper for sb．to do sth(that sb．Should do sth．)
他适合上大学。
(2)proper常与介词for搭配
适用于做这个工作的工具
tools proper for this work
(3)比较proper，fit与suitable：
proper是较正式用词，指对某一场合是恰当的，强调合乎情理、习惯、逻辑以及社会风俗。
suitable强调适合某种环境、情况、场合，与某种具体的要求相适应，或适合某种特殊的需要。有时可与 proper互换。
fit是最普通用词，常用于表示适合某种目的、用途、条件、要求或暗示具备了需要的品质或特性(如某人有能力胜任某种工作或职务)等，有时指合适的用法或做法。
这些衣服很适合在节日穿。
These clothes are suitable / proper to wear on holidays.
如果我们继续污染地球，它将会不适合我们居住。
If we go on polluting the earth, it will not suitable for us to live on.
13．available adj. 可以找到(得到)；可以利用，可供使用；(指人)可以找、可以用
Tickets are available at the box office．票房有票。
这本书有货时，就通知你。
We will inform you if the book is available.
I'm available in the afternoon．
14．discourage vt．
(1)作“使泄气”解时常用过去分词形式表示“泄气的”，或现在分词形式表示“令人泄气的”，作定语或表语。
现在的形势是如此令人泄气，所以我有点丧失信心了。
The present situation is so discouraging that I'm really discouraged.
(2)作“劝阻、阻止”解时，常用于“discourage sb．from (doing)sth”这种句式中。
做父母的应该劝子女不要吸烟。
Parents should discourage their children from smoking.
15．cheer v．＆n．
(1)V．可作及物或不及物动词。作“使高兴，使鼓舞”解时为及物动词；作“(为……)欢呼，喝彩”解时可作
及物或不及物动词。
Your visit cheered(up)the sick man．
你的到来使这个病人很高兴。
We cheered as he neared the finish line．
当他接近终点线时，我们欢呼起来。
男孩们为他们的足球队喝彩。
The boys cheered (for) their football team.
(2)n．欢呼，喝彩[C]；愉快的情绪[u]
A cheer arose from the crowd when the president appeared．
当主席出现的时候，人群中响起一片欢呼声。
英国人有时用复数形式表示“谢谢”，打电话时表示“再见”，祝酒时表示“为你的健康而干杯”。
16．关于as if与as though的用法必须注意：
as if／though引起的从句，若表示的是事实，从句中谓语动词遵循时间照应的一般规则；若表示的是假设，那么从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。
He is walking as if he were drunk．(没有喝醉)
He is walking as if he is drunk．(醉酒的可能性很大)
二、课堂跟踪反馈
I．Fill in the correct forms of the word according to the given Chinese:
1．He has tried many____ (治疗)for skin disease．
2．The injured man had lost a lot of blood and had to be given a ____(输血)．
3．He was a___(完全)stranger to me．
4．The boy can’t go to school for(through／from)_____(缺乏)of money．
5．We ______ (欢呼)as he neared the finish line．
II. Homework:
Finish all the exercises of this period in the workbook．
Period 3
Integrating skill
***Reading comprehension questions:
1. Which of the following is true?
A. On that Tuesday afternoon, I knew I got cancer.
B. Cancer can be treated.
C. Doctors know why some people get cancer.
D. Cancer can be caused by injury.
2. Which of the following is not true?
A. When I heard I got cancer, I thought my life was going to end.
B. If one gets cancer, cells either divide too fast or at the wrong time
C. All the people who got cancer will be treated with radiation.
D. After two years' treatment, I changed my mind towards cancer.
3. How did "I" feel when I heard the news?
A. Sad B. Optimistic C. Empty D. Nothing serious
4. The passage mainly tells us ________.
A. how "I" got cancer B. what cancer is
C. how I came through the shade of cancer D. how my friends help me
5. What can we get from this passage?
A. I love my mother .
B. The cancer can be defeated if only we can fight with it.
C. Cancer doesn't spread from one person to another.
D. "I" plan to live a long life.
(BCACB)
一、剖析重点词汇词组句型
1．visible adj.看得见；明显的，明确的(~to sb．)
The house is visible from the road．在路上能看到那所房子。
There has been a visible change in her since she got married．
* invisible adj．看不见的，不可见的(～to sb．／sth．)
Many stars are invisible to the naked eyes．
许多星星是肉眼看不到。
invisible exports / trade无形输出／贸易
2．meaningful adj. 有意义的，意味深长的
She gave me a meaningful look．她意味深长地看了我一眼。
He made several meaningful pauses during his speech．
*meaningless adj．没有意义的
他的话似乎没什么意义。
*meaning n．意思，意义[C][n．]
生活的意义是什么?
What's the meaning of life?
I can’t get your meaning．
我不明白你的意思。
mean”．作“意思是……；有……的意思”解时，其后通常跟名词、代词，动名词或从句；
作“有……的意图、打算”解时，其后通常跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语。
点头表示同意，而摇头表示不同意。
Nodding one's head means agreement while shaking one's head means disagreement.
我本来打算昨天告诉你的，但你不在办公室里。
I had meant to tell you about it but you weren't in the office.
当mean作“意味着”解时，主语常是非生物名(代)词短语，可接v-ing短语作宾语，但不跟动词不定式。
错过这班火车就意味着还要等两个小时。
3．identify vt＆vi认出(身份，物件等)，证明是(谁的)，说明其(身分)
I identified the coat at once-it was my brother's．
我一下子就认出了这件外套，它是我弟弟的。
4．pity n．&vt．
(1)pity作“怜悯、同情”解是不可数名词
The man needed help，not pity．
那个人需要的不是怜悯而是帮助。
他对那些穷人没有怜悯之心。
He has no pity on the poor.
(2)pity作“遗憾的事、可惜的事”解是可数名词。
What a pity(that)you can’t go with us．
你不能和我们一起去真是太遗憾了。
我认为那样浪费时间真是太可惜了。
I think it a pity to waste time like that.
(3)pity作“遗憾的事”解时，常用于“It’s a pity+ that从句”这种句式。
that从句可用陈述语气，也可用“should+动词原形”虚拟式。
他要离开了真是太遗憾了。
It's a pity that he will/ should leave here.
真是很遗憾，你错过了上周的运动会。
It's a pity that you missed the sports meeting held last week.
(4)注意在下面三个句子中，第一句介词用for，第二、三句用on．
He felt／had no pity for that fellow．
他对那个人没有同情心。
They took pity on him and gave him food．
他们很同情他，并给了他食物。
Do have pity on me!饶了我吧。
【注意】 feel／have pity for sb．表示“同情某人”；
take／have pity on／upon sb表示“怜悯、宽恕某人”。
二、课堂跟踪反馈
Explain the following sentences in English：
1．If I were you，I would give up smoking．
2．I wish that my father were living a comfortable life．
3．If you studied hard，you could go to university．
4．I wish you hadn’t broken your glass．
Period 4
一、剖析重点词汇词组句型
1．diagnose vt．诊断
The doctor diagnosed my illness as a rare skin disease．
医生诊断我的病是种罕见的皮肤病。
diagnosis n．诊断[c][u](p1．-ses)
2．examine Vt．检查，审查，研讨；考试。考核
They examined our passports very carefully．
他们仔细检查了我们的通行证。
Have your eyes examined this afternoon．
下午去查一查眼睛吧。
The teacher examined the students in chemistry．
老师考查学生化学知识。
examiner主考人；examinee应考者；被考者
examination检查，调查；考试(缩写exam)
**区别examination，test与quiz
(1)examination指期中定期举行的有相当规模的正式考试，也可指升学考试；
test是平时的小考、考查；
quiz指不预先准备或通知的随时做的小测验，还可指报纸、电视等媒体上的知识小测验、益智测验、
智力小竞赛、猜谜等。
(2)test和examination都有“检查”的意思，test所指的检查是某项科学成果或现象。Examination所指的
检查是对某事物仔细查看以证明事物运行是否正常，是否有故障或问题。
(3)test还有一个特殊的比喻意义，意为“考验”，指对人的性格、能力等进行考验。
困难是对性格的考验。
Difficulties can test a person's character.
3．sample n．＆v
(1)货样，样品[c]；抽样(供化验)，作品的样子[c]
The salesman showed sample．销售员展示样品。
The doctor took a sample of the patient’s blood．
医生取了一份病人的血样。
(2)v．尝试，尝；抽查，在一部分人中进行了解
He made us sample his cake．
他让我们尝尝他的蛋糕。
We sampled opinion among the workers about working methods．
4．disrupt Vt．打乱。破坏，使陷入混乱
Floods disrupted fiver traffic．
洪水破坏了水上交通。
John disrupted our arrangements．
约翰打乱了我们的计划。
5．contagious adj. (指疾病) (接)触(传)染的；容易感染他人的。感染性的。
contagious laughter 容易感染别人的笑声
Yawning is contagious．打哈欠是有感染性的。
6．recover vt ＆ vi
(1)recover作“恢复、康复”解时，可作及物或不及物动词。
She recovered her health．她恢复了健康。
I think she will recover soon．我想她会很快康复的。
He has recovered from his bad cold and can go out tomorrow．
他已经从重感冒中恢复身体，明天就可以出去了。
(2)recover的过去分词可用作表语，表示“痊愈”
Are you completely recovered from your illness?
你是否已经完全痊愈了?
(3)下面三句意思相近：
He is completely recovered from his illness．
He has completely recovered from his illness．
He has recovered his health．
(4)recover不是延续性动词，不能与表时间段的时间状语连用，因此这样的表达是错的：
He has recovered for several months．应这样表达：
He recovered several months ago．=It is several months since he recovered．
=He has been recovered for several months．
7．contrary n.&adj．
(1)n.反面，相反的东西(情况)(多和the连用)
Hot is the contrary of cold．热是冷相反的东西。
你告诉我的和他告诉我的正好相反。
**on the contrary (与此)相反
“Have yon nearly done'?" “On the contrary．I have only just begun．”
“你快做好了吗?”“恰恰相反，我刚开始呢。”
(2)adj．相反的
traffic in contrary directions来来往往的车辆
Hot and cold are contrary terms．冷和热是反义词。
**contrary to和……相反，违反(作表语、状语或定语)
Lying is contrary to my beliefs．撒谎是违背我信条的行为。
和我想的相反，他最后成功了。
The boy is swimming in a direction contrary to the current。
这个男孩正在逆流游泳。
8．free from…没有；不受……损害
He wants to live a life entirely free from troubles．
他想过上完全没有麻烦的生活。
Keep the table free from dirt by putting a cover over it．
free of 没有，免交(受)；远离，摆脱
If your wages are very small，they’11 be free of income tax．
如果工资很低的活，就可以免交收入税．．
二、课堂跟踪反馈
Fill in the blanks with proper words according to the given words．
1．The doctor_______(诊断)my illness as a rare skin disease．
2．Floods_________(破坏)river traffic．
3．He has________(恢复)from his bad cold and can go out tomorrow．
4．Each life is______(宝贵的)．
5．Yawning is_________(传染的)．