Warming up listening and speaking
1. care for : like , feel like, look after 喜欢；照顾
care about : be concerned about worry about 在意
She can’t come to my party because she will care for her sick mother.
You don’t care much for Tony, do you?
I don’t care about your opinion.
2. powder [U] 粉, 粉末, 火药
washing powder 洗涤(剂)粉 juice powder (水果、蔬菜等的)汁粉
gun powder 火药
3. standard n 标准, 规格,水准
the standard of living = the living standard生活水平
Your work is not up to the standard. 你的工作不够标准。
4. conscience n. 良心；是非观念
His conscience troubled him after he took the money. 他拿走了钱以后，他的良心使他不安.
have a bad/guilty conscience 内疚 have a clear conscience 问心无愧
in all conscience 凭良心 on one’s conscience 内疚，问心有愧
have the conscience to do 竟厚颜无耻到（做、说...）
make sth. a matter of conscience凭良心对待［做］某事
A good conscience is a soft pillow. [谚] 问心无愧， 高枕无忧。
A guilty conscience is a self -accuser. [谚]做贼心虚。
Reading
5. wages指工人或服务人员等拿的“工资”, 一般按日、按时或按件计算
salary指公职人员、职员等拿按年、按月或按周计算的“年薪”、“月薪”或“周薪”;
His hourly wage is one dollar. 他每干一小时得一美元。
His monthly salary is sufficient to support his family. 他的月工资足以养活他一家。
6. leave alone ① 不管 ② 随…去 ③ 把…独自留下
Leave the cat alone. 不要逗那只猫。
Don’t touch that, leave it alone. 别动了，把它放在一边别管。
She couldn’t leave her baby alone at home. 她不能把孩子一个人留在家里。
7. There are many things that do me good…
do sb good = do good to sb 对…有益 do sb wrong = do wrong to sb 冤枉某人
do sb harm = do harm to sb 对…有害处
Doing exercise will do good to us .
You did me wrong ; I didn’t do that at all.
The wrong you did to me was great.
8. sth.（to be…)
admit doing sth. 承认…
that-clause
You must admit the task to be difficult. 你必须承认这个任务很难。
He admitted having stolen the bicycle. 他承认他偷了自行车。
He admitted that he had stolen the bicycle.
admit sb. into/ to sth. 准许进入
He was admitted to a key university. 他被一所重点大学录取。
The theater admits 1000 people. （容纳） 这个剧院可以容纳1000人。
9. abundant adj. 1.) 大量的;充足的 2.) 丰富的;富裕的[(+in)]
abundant rainfall 充沛的雨量
We have abundant proof of his guilt. 我们掌握大量关于他犯罪的证据。
The country is abundant in natural resources. 这个国家盛产自然资源。
The country has abundant supplies of oil and gas. 这个国家有丰富的石油和天然气。
10. occupy vt. 1.) 占领,占据 2.) 占(时间,空间);占用;住
The enemy soon occupied the town. 敌人很快占领了城镇。
Reading occupies most of my free time. 阅读占了我大部分空余时间。
The bathroom is occupied. 浴室有人用。
be occupied with sth
be occupied in doing sth 忙于…从事于…
occupy oneself in doing sth. / with sth.
He is occupied with all kinds of daily affairs. 他每天忙于各种各样的日常事务。
I have been occupied in reading. 我一直忙于阅读。
=I have occupied myself in reading.
11. constant adj. 1.）不变的；固定的 2.）时常发生的；连续不断的
3.）忠心的；忠贞的；忠实的
constant speed 固定速度 constant rain 绵绵不断的雨
constant trouble 时常发生的麻烦 a constant friend忠实的朋友
12. close up 1.）（暂时）关闭；停歇 2.）靠拢；靠近；靠紧
The old road has now been closed up since the highway was open to public use."自从高速公路通车以来,那条旧公路已经封闭了。"
Close up the ranks! 靠拢！
The teacher told the children to close up to each other near the camp fire and then began his story. 老师叫孩子们在营火旁互相靠拢些,接着就开始讲起故事来。
close down 1.）（广播电台、电视台）停止播音，停播 2.）（工厂等的永久性地）关闭，歇业
The local government decided to close down some factories which had done a lot of harm to the environment. 当地政府决定关闭一些对环境造成重大损害的工厂。
Integrating Skills
13. take one’s place 就座, 接替某人的位置
Mr. Li is ill, and I’ve come to take his place. 李老师病了，我来接替他。
take the place of 代替，替代 take place 发生，举行
out of place 在错误的位置 in place 在通常的位置 in place of 代替
Tractors have now taken the place of horses and cows in most villages. 在大多数的村庄，拖拉机已经取代了牛马。
The task is carried out by robots in place of human workers. 机器人代替人力执行了这个任务
14. ambition n. 雄心；志向；野心
I started off full of ambition. 我雄心勃勃地出发了。
He lacks ambition. 他无志向。
ambition = aim =goal [C] 目标
It’s one of my ambitions to get a novel published. 出版一本小说是我目标之一。
15. be content with: be satisfied with 对…满意
be content to do sth: be willing/ready to sth 乐于做某事
The teacher is content with the student’s answer. 老师对学生的回答很满意。
The Smiths are content to live a simple life. 史密斯夫妇乐于过着简单的生活。
Jenny stared at her boyfriend with a contented smile.(adj.知足的， 满意的)
How about the content of the book. (n. 内容, 容量, 目录)
16. of late : lately , recently 最近
What are you busy with of late ? 你最近在忙什么？
at ( the ) latest adv.最迟
Be here on Monday at the latest. 最迟星期一到这。
You must finish the work by Friday at latest. 你最迟星期五前完成工作。
Grammar----- the Adverbial
状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，来表示时间、地点、原因、方式、程度、目的、结果、条件、让步、频度等情况，通常状语可以由下列这些来表示。
1．副词作状语
(1) The doctor will be here presently．大夫一会就来.
(2) She had never before had that feeling．她过去从来不曾有过这种感觉。
2．介词短语作状语
(1) We stayed up till midnight．我们一直到深夜都没睡。
(2) We learn to swim by swimming．我们通过练习游泳学游泳。
3．不定式短语作状语
(1) They did everything they could to save the man's life．他们做了一切努力来拯救那个人生命.
(2) We can send a car over to fetch you．我们可以派一辆车去接你。
4．分词短语作状语
(1)Please fill in the card giving all the information required.请填写好卡片,把要填的项目填清楚。
(2) Compared to you，I am indeed very fortunate．和你相比，我确实是很幸运的。
5．形容词(短语)作状语
(1) They are rushed over eager to help．他们都跑了过去，急于要帮忙。
(2) Hungry，he went to a restaurant．饿了，他走进一家饭店o
6．词组作状语
(1) She jumped ten feet．她跳了十英尺远。
(2) When I was ill she nursed me day and night．我生病时，她日夜照顾我。
7．复合结构作状语
(1) That being the case，we’ll have to reconsider the whole thing．既然情况如此，整个这件事我们就得重新考虑了。
(2) He entered the room his nose red with cold．他鼻子冻得通红地走进房来。
8．从句作状语
(1) We did only because we had to．我们这样做是出于不得已。
(2) He asked me to stay where I was．他让我呆在原处。
9．状语在句中的位置
(a) 时间状语一般位于句尾，表示强调时也可以位于句首。
(1) The plane will take off in a few minutes．几分钟后飞机就要起飞了。
(2) Having finished the job, he went to have supper. 完成了工作，他就去吃饭了。
(b)地点状语一般位于句尾，但有时也可位于句首或句中。
(1) There are plenty of fishes in the river．这河里鱼的种类很多。
(2) Anyway, I won’t stop you from doing it. 不管怎样我不打算阻止你那样做。
(c)原因状语大多位于句尾，有时也有位于句首的。
(1) He arrived late because of the rain．由于下雨，他来迟了。
(2) Delighted, the girls thought up many good ideas．一高兴，姑娘们想出许多好主意。
(d)方式状语总是位于句尾(动词后或动词+宾语后)。
(1) They listened to the teacher attentively．他们注意听老师讲课。
(2) She cut the cake with a knife．她用刀把蛋糕切开。
(e)程度状语位于被修饰词的前面。
(1) The road is very wide．这条路很宽。
(2) This film is entirely different from that one．这部电影同那部电影完全不同。
[注意]enough作状语修饰形容词或副词时位于被修饰词的后面。
(1) This book is easy enough．这本书相当简单。
(f)目的状语一般位于句尾，为了强调也可以位于句首。
(1) He ran fast, to catch the train．他飞跑着去赶火车。
(2) To do a good job, we must have the right tools．要干好活，工具要对头。
(g)结果状语位于句尾。
(1)She woke suddenly to find many persons around her bed.她突然醒来时, 发现许多人围在她床边。
(2)It was snowing so heavily that we had to stay indoors.当时雪下得特别大，我们不得不呆在屋子里。
(h)条件状语位于句首。
(1) Turning to the left, you will find the post office．往左拐，你就能找到邮局。
(2) Given more time, I was able to have done the work better．多给点时间，我会把工作做得更好。
(i) 让步状语位于句首或句尾。
(1)They kept on working outside in spite of the bad weather.尽管天气不好，他们还坚持在外面干活。
(2) Although he is in poor health, he is strong in spirit. 尽管他身体不好，但精神很好。
(j)频度状语如：often, always, seldom, never, ever, sometimes, usually, hardly等通常位于句中，放在行为动词之前，be动词或情态动词、助动词之后；多个助动词，则放在第一个助动词之后
(1) She often does this. 她总是这样做。
(2) She is seldom ill. 她不常生病。
(3) She would occasionally drop us a note．她偶尔给我们来一封短信.
(4)He has never been late to school．他上学从不迟到。
10．多个状语连用的次序问题
(a) 方式---地点---时间 (连用几个状语修饰同一个动词时，通常按“方式状语---地点状语---时间状语”的顺序排列。)
(1) They talked friendly in the living-room last night．他们昨天晚上在客厅谈得很愉快。
(2) She walked quickly out of the room just now. 她刚才很快地走出了房间。
(b) 由小到大（用几个不同的时间状语或地点状语同时修饰同一个动词时一般按照“由小到大”的顺序排列。）
(1) My sister stayed in my home for three months last year. 我姐姐去年在我家呆了三个月。
(2) My parents lived in a small faraway village in the north. 我的父母亲住在北方的一个遥远的小村庄里。
(c) 交换位置(状语在简略答语中，谓语部分只有be动词，助动词或情态动词时，状语要在这些词前面)
(1) He will never do it again．No, he never will．他决不再做那样的事了。是的，他决不再做。
(2) Are you all Americans? Yes，we all are．你们都是美国人吗?是的，我们都是。