单元要点
Word study bee 2.transparent 3.dot
4.surrounding 5.troop 6.assumption 7.beyond 8.semicicle 9.apparent 10.sideways11.astonishing
12.maximum13.precise 14.adequate 15.clarify16.upward 17.disgusting
18.psychology19.changeable 20.adaptation 21.stripe
22.zebra 23.camel
24.primitive
25.missile 26.walnut
27.session 蜜蜂2.透明的
3.小圆点4.周围附近的 5.群，(pl)部队6.假设
7.远于，超出8.半圆形
9.明显的10.斜着
11.惊人的12.最大13.精确
14.足够的15.澄清16.向上的17.讨厌的18.心理学
19.易变20.适应21.条纹
22.斑马23.骆驼24.原始的
25.导弹26.胡桃
27.一段时间，学年
Useful
expressions 1.get hold of
2.tell…apart
3.over and over again
4.come to light
5.as a matter of 1.抓住
2.分辨，区别
3.一再，反复
4.显露，为人所知
5.事实上，说真的
Sentence
Patterns &
Communicative
English Debating (辩论)
Opening statement
Background information
Topic
Opinion: We think that…because…and…
First argument
Explain and support the first reason
Sencond argument
Explain and support the second reason
Questions
Ask the other team questions
Closing statement
Summarize your argument
Restate your opinion
Grammer 复习情态动词表推测的用法：(must can could may might)
When you are very sure of something, you use must in positive sentences and cannot or couldn’t in negative sentences.
When you are quite sure about something, you use can.
When you think that something is possible, but you are not very sure, you use could, may or might.
Topics &
Writing Talk about prepare for tests:
①.Plan ahead ②.Keep track
③.Be smart ④.Use your brain power
2.Writing a short essay in which you state and support your opinion.
背景知识
Do Animals Communicate? When we think of communication, we normally think of using words-talking face-to-face, writing messages and so on. But in fact we communicate far more in other ways. Our eyes and facial expressions usually tell the truth even when our words do not. Then there are gestures, often unconscious: raising the eyebrows, rubbing the nose, shrugging the shoulders, tapping the fingers, nodding and shaking the head.
There is also the even more subtle "body-language" language “of posture: are you sitting-or standing-with arms or legs crossed? Is that person standing with hands in pockets, held in front of the body or hidden behind? Even the way we dress and the colures we wear communicate things to others. So, do animals communicate? Not in words, although a parrot might be trained to repeat words and phrases which it doesn’t understand. But, as we have learnt, there is more to communication than words.
Take dogs for example. They bare their teeth to warn, wag their tails to welcome and stand firm, with hair erect, to challenge. These signals are surely the equivalent of the human body language of facial expression, gesture and posture. Colour can be an important means of communication for animals. Many birds and fish change colour, for example, to attract partners during the mating season. And mating itself is commonly preceded by a special dance in which both partners participate.
细说教材
Warming up
A small animal that helps the police get hold of thieves.
一种能帮助警察捉贼的动物。
【点拨】get hold of …= take/catch hold of …意思是“抓住…”；“获得…”
e.g. He took hold of the rope and pulled.
他抓住绳子用力拉。
I got hold of the sack and lifted it.
我抓住包，把它举了起来。
I need to get hold of some money quickly.
hold 还用作动词，意为“握住”“拥有”“容纳”“使…保持…”“持…观点”等
e.g. She was holding a book. 她手里拿着一本书。
They held their heads up.他们头抬得高高的。
She holds that the government’s policy is mistaken.
她认为政府的政策错了。
其常见短语搭配有：
hold a conversation/meeting 进行交谈/开会
hold the line = hold on 别挂电话
hold … back 阻止…
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
hold…off 使…与…保持距离
hold …over 使…延期
An animal that isn’t telling the truth.
一种会撒谎的动物。
【点拨】tell the truth“说实话”的意思，tell的相关类似短语有：
tell a/the lie = tell lies 撒谎
tell a story 讲故事
Listening
You are going to hear an interview with a woman who works in a zoo.
你将听到对一位在动物园工作的妇女的采访报道。
【点拨】interview 在这里是名词“采访”的意思，还有“面试”之意。
e.g. The film star agreed to give an interview after the wedding.
这位影星同意在婚礼后接受采访。
She’s got an interview for a new job.
她参加了新工作的面试。
interview 还有动词用法，是“采访”的意思,
要区别与cover的用法。interview 可以用interview sb. 或interview sth.
但cover不能用cover sb.只能说cover sth.
e.g. A reporter interviewed the prime minister.
一位记者采访了首相。
She’s being interviewed for the job.
她正在接受求职面试。
They sent a great many reporters to cover the conference.
【点拨】cover除了“采访”的意思外还有“用……遮盖；覆盖”“占有…（面积）;掩饰”
“涉及…（内容）”等含义。请学习下面例句中cover 一词的各种用法
e.g. Since water covers most of the earth, Corsteau knew we should keep the seas clean. 由于水覆盖了地球的大部分，库斯托知道我们应该保持海洋清洁。
He tried to cover (up)his mistake.
他想掩盖他的错误。
He said he could cover the distance on foot in two hours.
他说这段路程两个小时能走完
How many pages have you covered? 你读了多少页了？
What are the main points you’re going to cover in your talk ?
你的报告主要涉及哪些内容。
We have only just covered our expenses.
我们所收入的仅够开支而已。
cover作名词，作“盖子”、“封面”解。
e.g. When the water boils, take the cover.
当水开的时候,把盖子揭开.
The book needs a new cover .
这书需要装个新封面.
What’s the problem with the animals at the zoo?
动物园里的动物有什么问题？
【点拨】What’s the problem with…
=What’s the trouble with…
=What’s the matter with…
=What's your problem?
=What's wrong with you?
都用来询问“…（你）怎么回事？”
Speaking
The two teams take turns speaking.
两只队伍轮流发言。
【点拨】 take turns doing sth. “轮流干…”，turn是名词。
为便于学习,现就turn的用法归纳如下: I. turn (n.) 顺序, 轮流 1. It's one's turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 It's your turn to make a decision.
该你来做出决定了。
2. take one's turn to do sth. = do sth. in turn =do sth. by turns 轮流做某事 The nurses attended the patient in turn / by turns.
=The nurses took turns to attend the patient.
护士们轮流照顾病人。II. turn (vi.) 转动,转向,翻转 turn right / left = turn to the right / left turn to sth. / sb. (for help) turn to page 84 III. turn (link-v.) 变得…… turn green / yellow 变绿/黄了 Ten years later， he turned teacher. A. / B. a C. an D. the 注: 此题考查turn 作连系动词的特殊用法,即 turn 作连系动词时后接表语名词，省略冠词. 所以此题的答案为A. 如果turn 后加into 则须在名词前加冠词a. IV. 固定词组: 1. turn against 背叛 Nobody will turn against his country. 2. turn down 关小 / 拒绝 He turned down my suggestion without hesitation. Please turn down the gas. 3. turn from side to side 把身体转来转去 The naughty boy turned from side to side while answering questions in class. 4. turn in 上交 The child picked up a purse on the way and turned it in to the policeman. 5. turn ... into ... (使……)成为…… The farmers are turning waste land into rice fields. 6. turn off 关(水源、 煤气、 电灯等) / 避开(问题等) Turn off the light when you leave the room. 7. turn on 打开(水、 煤气、 电灯、无线电等) / 对……发怒 turn on the radio turn the gun on sb. 8. turn out 结果是 / 证明是 / 生产出 The weather yesterday turned out (to be) fine. The factory turned out more products than they had expected. 9. turn over (使)打翻 / 翻身 / 翻动 / 翻耕(土地) / 转危为安 The man turned over and went to sleep again when the telephone rang. 10. turn up 开大 / 出现 / 找到 / 证明是 (= turn out to be) The meeting is beginning， but he has not turned up. He might have been lost.
When all the teams are ready, the teacher will start and time the debate.
当所有队伍都准备好以后,老师就开始为辩论计时.
【点拨】time 是动词，＂计时＂的意思，还有“安排好时间,使合拍子;安排……的速度＂
e.g. How long can you hold your breath underwater ? Take a deep breath and I’ll time you . 你在水下能潜多久呢？深呼吸一下，我给你计时。
He timed his journey so that he could arrive at the hotel before dark . 他安排好了他的旅程，以便能在天黑以前到达旅馆。
He tried to time his steps to the music.
他尽力与音乐合节拍。
Reading
Among the different types of bee, it is the honey bee that has most interested scientists because of the “language” they use to communicate with each other.
在不同种类的蜂中，最使科学家感兴趣的是蜜蜂，因为蜜蜂能用“语言”，来相互交际。
【点拨】…it is the honey bee that has most interested scientists…是一个由it 引导的强调句，被强调的部分是 the honey bee。如果不加以强调，则全句是：
…the honey bee has most interested scientists…
The development of the modern beehive in 1851 made it possible to design experiments to research the language of honey bees.
1851年新式蜂箱的研制，使设计实验研究蜜蜂的语言成为可能。
【点拨】 本句是一个简单句：The development… made it possible to design experiments …其中的 it是形式宾语，它所代替的真正宾语是后面的不定式短语 to design experiments。it作形式宾语的句型是：
主语 +及物动词 +it +宾语补足语 +不定式
e.g. I found it important to learn spoken English.
我发现学习英语口语很重要。
I think it hard to master a foreign language.
我认为掌握一门外语是很难的。
She feels it her duty to support her family.
她感到养家糊口是她的责任。
The storm made it impossible for them to march to the city.
暴风雨使他们不可能向城市进军。
Professor Karl von Frisch, a scientist from Austria, spent many years of his life researching the amazing ways honey-bees communicate in their dark hives.
奥地利科学家卡尔冯弗里希教授，一生中花去了许多岁月，研究蜜蜂在黑暗的蜂箱里是以怎样巧妙的方式传递信息的。
【点拨】amaze vt. 使惊愕；使大为惊讶：
e.g. He amazed everyone by passing his driving test.
令人惊讶的是他竟通过了驾驶考试。
amazing “令人惊异的”；在西方人的口中，表示惊讶，经常可以听到amazing这个词。如果有些事情发生得出乎意料，难以置信，也可以用amazing来形容。
e.g. You’re amazing. 你真了不起。
It was amazing that the boy was able to solve the problem so quickly.那男孩能这样快地解完这道题,真是令人惊奇。
有些漂亮或另类的东西，总能吸引许多眼球，就可以说是amazing things.
e.g. I am always looking for new and amazing items. 我总是在寻找让我眼前一亮的新东西。
amazed 使（某人）感到惊奇，常用be amazed at / by 感到惊奇。
e.g. He was amazed at all the colours, and all the beautiful fish. 他对五颜绿色和各种美丽的鱼感到惊奇。 We are amazed at the changes in Beijing. I can’t even find where my old house is. 北京的变化使我们感到惊奇。我几乎找不到旧房子了。
【点拨】＂．．．honey-bees communicate in their dark hives.＂是定语从句，其先行词
是＂ways＂，＂way＂后省略了引导词 “that”,也可用 “in which”，也可以省略引导词．
e.g. Some English words are not spelt the ways that they sound.
= Some English words are not spelt the ways in which they sound.
= Some English words are not spelt the ways they sound.
一些英语单词不是像他们发音那样去拼写．
He built a transparent wall, through which he could observe what went on inside.
他安装了透明的箱体，透过它，可以直接观察箱内发生的事情．
【点拨】 “through which he could observe what went on inside”是定语从句，来修饰先行词，引导词是介词through加which构成．
在定语从句用法中介词+关系词是一个重点，介词后面的关系词不能省略，但是介词的后面不用that．
e.g.This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
e.g. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? ＝Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
注意：一些含有介词的动词短语中，其介词不能前置到引导词前．
e.g. The children whom the nurses look after are wery healthy.
In order to tell the bees apart ,he painted some bees with little dots of colour.
为了把蜜蜂区分开，他在一些蜜蜂身上涂上色斑．
【点拨】 tell apart 辨别；识别
＝distinguish…between…
= tell … from…;
= tell the difference between … and …
e.g. Some people can't tell blue from green.
在些人分辨不出蓝色与绿色。
Most new cars look so similar that it's impossible to tell them apart．
许多新汽车看上去象是一样的，不大可能把它们区别开来。
I confused Jim with Mike because I can't tell them apart．
我把吉姆和麦克混淆了，因为我分不清他们。
The two brothers are so much alike that their mother can hardly tell them apart．
这兄弟俩长得太相象了，连他们的母亲都难以辨别。
They trooped behind the first dancer, copying its movement.
它们成群结队地跟在第一只跳舞的蜜蜂后面，模仿它的动作。
【点拨】课文中 troop作动词用，意思是"结队而行"、"成群涌向"
(come or go together in a group)。用在句中时，句子的主语总是复数。 e.g. The children trooped into the park.
孩子们列队走进公园。 The game was over and the players trooped home.
比赛结束了，运动员整队回家。
Troop还有名词用法，作"一队"、"一群"解。 e.g. a troop of visitors (一群参观者)。 它的复数形式(troops)作"军队"解。 e.g. We must have our own troops.
我们必须有自己的军队。
【点拨】copy原作"抄写"、"复写"解。 e.g. He is busy copying his composition.
他正忙着抄写他的作文。 本句中的copy引伸作"模仿"、"仿效"解。 e.g. Please copy my actions.(＝Please act as I do. )
请照我这样做。 "Good morning," she said, copying her mother's voice.
"早上好"，她模仿着妈妈的声音说。
You should copy his strong points, not his weak points.
你应当学他的长处，而不是他的短处。
Von Frisch assumed that the dance conveyed more information. 冯弗里希想弄清这种舞蹈能不能说明喂食处有多远.
【点拨】 assume的用法 assume vt. 表示“假设，主观认为，假定；装出…样子；开始担任，承担…
e.g. We assumed that you understood the situation.
我们认为，你了解形势。
He assumed a well-informed manner but in fact he knows very little.
他装出一副见多识广的样子，而实际上他知之甚少。assume something to be 猜想某事如何
assume ignorance/an injured air
假装不知道，装出冤屈的样子
assume和given,suppose,supposing等词一样都可以引导状语.作用相当于if.
e.g. Supposing your father saw you know , what would you say? =if your father saw ……
Assuming that the weather is favourable, Farmers will have a bumper harvest. 假如风调雨顺，今年农民将获丰收。
assumed 假装的，假的；假定的，设想的：
e.g. an assumed cheerfulness伪装的高兴，
an assumed result假定的结果，
His look of astonishment was assumed.他那惊讶的样子是装出来的。 assuming自负的，傲慢的，过分自信的：
e.g. He is too assuming in this attitude about the energy supply.
他在对待能源问题的态度上实在显得过于自信。 assumption假定，异端；自负，傲慢；假装
e.g. We are going on the assumption that the work will be finished tomorrow. 我们在根据明天可以完工这一假定办事。
I was under the assumption that you were coming tomorrow. 我原以为你明天来。
assumptive 被视为理所当然的，自负的，傲慢的：
e.g. assumptive beliefs被视为理所当然的种种信仰，
assumptive people自命不凡的人
One was close to the hive. The other was much farther away ,beyond some trees.一个靠近蜂箱,另一个远离蜂箱,几棵大树之外.
【点拨】beyond一词是高中英语的必备词汇，其用法和含义较为复杂，很容易产生理解上的障碍，造成翻译上的失误。本文拟对beyond的一些用法浅析如下：
一、beyond作介词用时，使用最广，常用于下列几种情况：
1.表示位置，意思是“在……的那一边；在……之外；在更远处”。例如：
e.g. Beyond the river stood a power station．
过了这条河就是一个发电站。
2.表示时间，其意为“迟于；超过”。例如：
e.g. Some shops keep open beyond midnight庇行┥痰暧业到半夜以后。
3.表范围、水平、限度、能力等，意思是“超出；多于；为……所不能及”在句中常作
①作表语
e.g. Your work is beyond all praise．
你的作品叫人赞扬不尽。
②作定语 e.g. These were matters beyond his understanding as yet．
这些事情他那时候还不了解。
③作状语
e.g. We succeeded beyond our hopes．
我们获得如此之成功，是我们始料所不及的。
4.用在否定和疑问句中，意思是“除……之外”。
e.g. I know nothing beyond what he told me．
除了他告诉我的以外，别的我都不知道。
Is there anything more you can say beyond that？
除了那点之外，你还能说些什么吗？
5.beyond有时还可表示年龄或数量，意思是“超过”。
e.g. He didn't believe in people living beyond 100．
他不相信人能活到100岁以上。
二、beyond也常作副词用，主要有下面两种用法：
1.指时空或正在进行中的活动，意思是“在远处；向远处；更远处”。
e.g. If we cross the mountains we may find people living in the valley beyond．
如果我们翻过这些大山，我们就可以发现在远处山谷中生活的人们。
I'll go with you to the bridge，but not a step beyond．
我愿意同你一道走到桥头，但再远的地方一步也不愿意去。
2.表示外加，意思是“此外；以外”。例如：
e.g. He told me nothing beyond．
此外他没告诉我什么。
He marked all the bees that came to the nearby feeding place blue, and all the bees that went to the faraway place were marked red.
他给所有来到近的喂食处的蜜蜂标上蓝色，给飞到远的喂食处的蜜蜂标上红色。
【点拨】faraway(远方的)是由 far ＋ away构成的合成形容词。 nearby(附近的)是由 near ＋by构成的合成形容词。它们在句中都作定语。
a faraway forest(远处的森林)，faraway times(遥远的时代)；
a nearby hotel(附近的一家旅店)，nearby hills(附近的小山)。注意：faraway在作定语时通常都连写，作表语或作状语时则分写(far away)。如： e.g. The house is not far away. 那座房子并不远。 He lives far away from the school. 他住得离学校很远。 nearby既可作定语，又可作状语；既可以连写(nearby)，也可以分写(near by)，还可以 加连字符(near-by)。
e.g. I saw her going to a near-by post-box before lunch. 我看到她午饭前去附近的信箱投信。
They live nearby----less than a kilometer.
他们住在附近，不到一公里。He gave up his seat to the old man standing near by.
他把座位让给站在附近的老人了。
They discovered that the farther away the feeding station was, the slower the dance was. 他们发现，喂食处越远，舞蹈动作的速度就越慢。
【点拨】"the+比较级……，the+ 比较级……"的意思是："越……，就越……"
这种结构用来表示两从此过程按比例同时递增。前一句为从句，后一句为主句。这种结构常以省略形式出现，句式精炼简短，表意有力。例如：
e.g. The sooner, the better. 越快越好。
The more, the better. 越多越好。
The more, the merrier. 人越多，越好玩。
The more he gives his children, the more they want.
给孩子越多，他们要的越多．
The higher we stand, the farther we see.
站的越高，看的越远
The more he explains, the more I am puzzled.
他越解释，我越迷惑．
So another astonishing fact came to light. 于是又发现一个令人惊讶的情况。
【点拨】come to light作"发现"、"暴露"(to be discovered/ exposed)解。e.g. New facts about the ancient Egypt have recently come to light. 有关古埃及的史实，最近已有新发现。
She was very pleased when the long-lost ring came to light.
当很久前丢失的戒指被找到时，她高兴万分．
The secret didn’t come to light until the old man died.
直到老人死后，秘密才被揭露．
Integrating skills
Apes use sight more than smell. 猿不仅用嗅觉,而且使用视觉.
【点拨】more than 用法小结
1. more than后面跟名词，意为“不只是，不仅仅是”。
e.g. Hibernation is more than sleep.
冬眠不只是睡觉。
Kate was more than a teacher. She also did what she could to take care of her pupils.
凯特不仅仅是位教师，她还尽其所能照顾她的学生。
2. more than与数词连用，意思是“多于，大于，超过”。
e.g. I have known him for more than twenty years.
我认识他已超过二十年了。
More than ten policemen turned up at the spot where the accident happened.
十多位警察出现在出事地点。
3. more than与形容词和分词连用，表示“非常、十分”。
e.g. They were more than happy to see us come back from the expedition.
看到我们远征而归，他们异常高兴。
I was more than surprised to see the lion standing at the body.
看到那头狮子站在尸体旁边，我非常惊讶。
4. more than与动词连用，对动词起着加强语气的作用。
e.g. Repeated advertising will more than increase product sales.
多次做广告意味着增加产品的销售。
His progress in English learning more than encouraged him to learn the subject well. 在英语学习方面的进步激励他学好这门课程。
5. more than和含有情态动词的句子连用，有否定意义，表示“是……难以……”或“超过了……所能”之义。
e.g. The beauty of the mountainous country is more than I can describe.
我难以描述那个山村的美丽。
This problem is more than a child like Jack can settle.
这一问题超出了像杰克这样的小孩的解决能力。
6. no more than意思是“仅仅，不过，只是”。
e.g. All his education added up to no more than one year.
他接受的所有的学校教育只有一年。
Their new flat has no more than 60 square metres.
他们的新居只有60平方米。
7. not more than表示“至多，不超过”
e.g. Lying on the ground was a peasant boy of not more than seventeen.
躺在地上的那个农家男孩最多十七岁。
While their societies are different, they all communicate and be have in advanced ways.
虽然它们生活的社会环境不同,它们却都以高级方式交流.
【点拨】while连词,意为"尽管;虽然";其用法大致有以下四种用法:1.引导时间状语从句,意为"当……的时候;和……同时",此时的主从句谓语动作同时发生,从句谓语通常是延续性动词。
e.g. Mary watched TV while she ate her supper.
玛丽边吃饭边看电视。While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep.
她听着收音机睡着了。
while引导从句时,如主从句的主语一致,且从句谓语又含有be,则从句主语和be可省略。while后可直接跟现在分词、名词、形容词或介词短语。
e.g. We are teachers while (we are) serving as students.
我们边当老师边当学生。While (he was) yet a youth, he gained many prizes.
他年轻时就曾多次获奖。He caught a cold while(he was) on vacation.
他度假时患了感冒。
2.表示对比或转折,意为"而;然而"。此时,while一般位于句中。
e.g. Some people waste food while others haven't enough.
有些人浪费粮食,然而有些人却吃不饱。You like sports, while I prefer music.
你喜欢体育,而我更喜欢音乐。
3.表示让步,通常位于句首,意为"尽管;虽然"。
e.g. While I agree with your reasons, I can't allow it.
尽管我同意你的理由,但我不能允许这样做。While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.
虽然他爱他的学生,可是他对学生们很严格。While (he was) respected, he is not liked.
他虽受人尊敬,但并不被人喜欢。
4.表示条件,意为"只要",其意思和用法相当于as long as。while可位于句首,也可位于句中。
e.g. You don't have to worry while we are here.
只要我们在,你就别着急。
There will be life while there is water and air.
只要有空气和水,就有生命。While there is life, there is hope.
留得生命在,不怕没希望。
5.意为"同时;也"。如:e.g. While the book is welcomed by scholars, it will make an immediate
appeal to the general readers.
这本书受到学者的欢迎,同时也会引起一般读者的兴趣。
6.意为"趁着"。
e.g. Make hay while the sun shines.
晒草要趁阳光好。(谚)Strike while the iron is hot.
趁热打铁。(谚)While the roses are yet in bloom, will you come with me to see them?
趁着玫瑰花还开着,你和我一道去看看好吗?
Sometimes they warn each other of danger, and they also communicate simply to keep in touch.
于是它们互相提醒危险,它们交流仅仅是为了保持联系.
【点拨】 warn sb. of sth．“警告某人某事”，不能说 warn sb's sth．。
e.g. We warned him of the dangerous bridge，but he didn't believe．
我们警告他那座桥危险，但是他不相信。
类似这样的结构用法的动词还有:
一. 表示“通知(inform)；警告(warn)；指责(accuse)；使想起(remind)”等意思的一些动词。 在这一结构中，of的意思相当于 about。
e.g. On the way home my father told me of an accident that took place on his first day at school in Mr. Crossett's class．
在回家的路上,父亲给我讲了他第一天上学时在克罗塞特先生课上的一件事。
We shall inform you of the date of the delegation's arrival．
我们将把代表团到达的日期通知你。 The teacher accused Jim of cheating in the examination．
老师责备吉姆考试作弊。 Her face reminded me of her mother．
她的模样使我想起了她的母亲。 How can I persuade him of her innocence？
我怎样使他相信她是清白无辜的？
二、表示“抢夺(rob)；剥夺；解除(cure, heal)；免除(rid)”等意思的动词。
e.g. Paralysis robbed him of his ability to do physical labor．
瘫痪使他丧失了劳动力。 The doctor used special medicines to cure him of the measles．
医生使用特效药治愈了他的麻疹。 The medicine healed me of my bad cold．
这药治愈了我的重感冒。 It is not easy to rid oneself of a bad habit．
改掉一个人的坏习惯是不容易的。
He cleared the pavement of withered leaves．
他清除了人行道上的落叶。
They stripped the writer of his right to publish his books．
他们剥夺了这位作家出版作品的权利。 She rushed up to relieve me of my suitcase．
她跑过来接过我手中的衣箱。 Our army disarmed the enemy of his weapon．
我军缴械了敌人的武器。
类似的动词还有：abridge（剥夺）， purge（洗清），disabuse（去掉），despoil（抢劫），divert（脱去），deprive（剥夺）等。 三、表示“骗取(fool)”、“诈骗(cheat)”等意思的一些动词。 在这一结构里，通常在of前加上 out，out of表示“丧失”，但out可以省略不用。 e.g. How can you fool the little girl（out） of her money？
你怎么能诈骗那个小女孩的钱财呢？ The beggar cheated the little boy（out）of his candy．
那乞丐骗取了那个小男孩的糖。
【点拨】 simply的意思和用法
（1）simply是副词，在对话中意为“really(真正)”、“very (much)（非常）”。
e.g. The film is simply wonderful. 这影片真是太美妙了。
She looks simply lovely. 她看起来的确可爱。
His pronunciation is simply terrible. 他的发音简直差透了。
They had simply no shame. 他们简直不知羞耻。
（2）simply亦可解释为“朴素地”、“朴实地”、“无装饰地”。
e.g. He is simply dressed. 他衣着朴素。
（3）simply还可作“仅仅，只不过”解，相当于only。
e.g. It is simply a question of time. 这只不过是个时间问题。
You must believe me simply on my word. 你必须完全照我的话相信我。
It is simply a matter of working hard. 此事只是努力去做的问题。
（4）还可解释为“简单地”、“简明地”。
e.g. The cake is made quite simply. 这糕做起来很简单。
The teacher explained the text quite simply. 老师简单地解释了一下课文。
What may be of greater importance is to observe how primates live in the world.
比较重要的事情是观察灵长目动物是怎样生活的．
【点拨】这个句子涉及到 “of+抽象名词”相当于该名词相应的形容词。不过，这种结构常用于较正式的场合，书面语中尤为常见。再看下面几个句子：
e.g. This book will be of great value to him in his students. (=Be very valuable)
The book is of much interest. (=Be very interesting)
常用于这一结构的修饰语还有：great，little ,some ,any, no, not, much等
常见的抽象名词有importance, value, use, help, benefit(利益、好处)，significance(意义、重要性)。最后需要提及的是，“be of + 名词”结构的否定形式一般采用否定名词的做法：
“be of no + 名词”。
e.g. He is of no colour, for he has been ill for two weeks.
他毫无血色，因为他患疾两周了。
As far as the study of English was concerned, what he said was of no point.
就学习英语而言，他所讲的并未切中要害。
“be of +名词”还可以表达以下几种意义：
1、表示“具有，具备”
e.g. Her story is of some colours of the truth.
她的故事有点真实感
The party's 12th congress is of epoch making significance.
党的十二大具有划时代的意义。
2、表示“属于”
e.g. The products are of first-rate quality.
这些产品的质量是属于第一流的。
3、表示“包含”、“包括”、“类别”等
e.g. The Americans are of almost all colures and races.
美国人几乎包括各种各样的肤色及种族。
His whole life was of best glory.她的一生是非常光荣的。
4. 这种结构还可表示“年龄”.“出身”“等级”等
We are of the same age. 我们年龄相同。
He was of noble birth and high rank. 他出身于高贵门庭。
Grammar
情态动词表推测
一、对目前的行动或状况的推测（情态动词+do）
（1）、在肯定句中，表示很有把握的推测时用must，而不太有把握时则用may, might或could,三者依次could的语气最弱。
e.g. You must be very tired. 你一定很累。
（= I am sure that you are very tired.） ( 很有把握)
You may / might / could be very tired. 你可能很累吧！
(=Perhaps / Maybe you are very tired.)（不太有把握）
（2）、在否定句中，can't 则表示“不可能”，语气最强，而相应地may not, might not 语气弱些，表示“可能不”。
e.g. He can't be at home. 他不可能在家。（很有把握）
He may not / might not be at home. 他可能不在家。（不太有把握）
（3）、疑问句中，通常用can表推测。
e.g. - Someone is knocking at the door.
- Who can it be ? 可能是谁呢？
Where can he be now? 他现在有可能在哪呢？
二、对过去的动作或状况的推断常用“情态动词+have done”。语气强弱与以上三点相同，可依次类推。但表示“过去不可能”时，除了可用can't have done之外还可用couldn't have done。
e.g. He must have gone to Wuhan. （肯定已经去了）
He may / might / could have gone to Wuhan. （可能已去了）
He can not / could not have gone to Wuhan. （不可能已去了）
Can he have gone to Wuhan? （可能去了吗？）
can(could)/may(might)/must/will等+have+done用来对过去发生的情况做出语气强
弱不同的推测。具体使用时请注意以下几点： ① can一般用于疑问句和否定句, 极少用于肯定句。 e.g. ---Can she have gone to school? ---No, she can't have gone to school. I saw her just now. ② may表推测，一般不用于疑问句；疑问句中该用can, could或might。 e.g. How could he have forgotten such an important thing? （不用may） Might you have met him somewhere? （不用may） ③ could, may, might 用于肯定句语气较弱，must用于肯定句语气很强; may,
might 用于否定句语气较弱，can, could 用于否定句语气很强。 e.g. He could/may/might have gone to school. 他可能上学去了。 He must have gone to school. 他肯定是上学去了。 He may/might not have gone to school. 他也许没去上学。 He can't/couldn't have gone to school. 他肯定没去上学。 ④ must表推测，一般不用于否定句；否定句中该用can或could。 误：We mustn't have met before. 正：We can't have met before. needn't + have + done 可用来表示“已做了多余的事”。 e.g. There is no school today. You needn't have come. could + have + done 可用来表示没做某事的“遗憾”。 e.g. She came here on foot, but she could have come by bus. could / might + have + done 也可用来表示委婉的批评。 e.g. You could have come 5 minutes earlier. You might at least have written me a letter. 在反意问句中，表推测的情态动词不出现在简短问句部分,取而代之的应是情态动
词。句中有过去时间状语的，问句部分用过去时，否则，用现在完成时。e.g. He must have been there yesterday, wasn't he? He must have been there, hasn't he? He can't have been there yesterday, was he? He can't have been there, has he?
三、由上我们可以得出一个结论：表推测时，must只用在肯定句中，而 can只用于否定句和疑问句中。而实际上can可用于肯定句中，但这常用于表可能性，意义有所不同，译为“有时候可能”。
e.g. Old newspaper can be useful.
旧报纸有时候还是有用的。
It can get quite cold here at night.
晚上这里有时候会相当冷。
习题对话
Language pratice
1. Choose the proper word or phrase to take the place of the underlined word(s) in the sentences.
①.glass=transparent ②. think=assume ③. make clear=clarity
④. environment=surroundings ⑤. obvious=apparent ⑥.towards one=sideways
⑦. distinguish=tell…apart… small circles=small dots
⑧. got=obtained enough=adequate
2. Use the words in the brackets to answer the question(refer to the Reading)
3. Fill in the blanks with the proper modal verbs.
Dialogue 1: shall; must; needn’t; can; may; may/ can; would; can’t; must
Dialogue 2: could; can; may; must; may; would; can; may/ might; would
考题档案
1. (NMET2004 全国) I don't mind picking up your things from the store. _______ , the walk will do me good. A. Sooner or later B. Besides C. In time D. Still
2. (NMET2004上海春) I am sorry it’s my power to make a final decision on the project. A. over B. above C. off D. beyond
3. (NMET2004上海春) I have read the material several times but it doesn’t make any to me.
A. meaning B. importance C. sense D. significance
4. (NMET2004湖南) ---- Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
---- You ______ have my computer if you don't take care of it.
A. shan't B. might not C. needn't D. shouldn't
5. (NMET2004 天津)- What were you doing when Tony phoned you ?
- I had just finished my work and to take a shower .
A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting
6. (NMET2004 江苏) I accept that he is not perfect, I do actually like the person.
A. While B. Since C. Before D. Unless
7. A modern city has been set up in was a wasteland ten years ago .
A. what B. which C. that D. where
8. The house tent is expensive. I've got about half the space I had at home and I'm paying __ here.
A. as three times much B. as much three time C. much as three times D. three times as much
9. (NMET1995) She thought I was talking about her daughter, ______in fact, I was talking about my daughter. A. whom B. where C. which D. while
10. [NMET1998上海] We advertised for pupils last autumn, and got________ 60. A. more than B. more of C. as much as D. so many as
11.--Would you like me ________ the radio a bit?
--No, it's all right. I'm used to ________ with the radio _________.
A．to turn up; work; on B．to turn down; working; off
C．turning up; working; off D．to turn down; working; on
12.--What's the matter? You really look upset.
-- ___________.
--Well, better luck next time.
A．Why, I always look up to you B．I failed an important test
C．I have a bad cold D．Me? I never look down upon anybody
13. I remember _________ this used to be a very small village.
A．when B．how C．where D．what
14.The computers made by our company sell best, but several year's ago no one could have
imagined the role in the markets that they ________.
A．were playing B．were to play C．have played D．played
15.--When did Miss Wang leave the office?
--She left ________ you turned back to write on the blackboard.
A．the minute B．a time C．until D．unless
B besides副词，＂况且＂
D 3. C make sense是固定短语，是＂有意义＂的意思
4.A 5. D
6. A while 是＂虽然…但是…＂的意思 7.A
8. D 是对倍数表达法的考查倍数词一律放在＂as＂之前 9. D
10. A more than 是＂多余，超过＂的意思
11. D 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. A
一课一测
（检测自己的能力）
A级（基础训练）
第一部分 单项填空
1. Which of the following is right?
A. What’s wrong with the machine? B. What is the trouble with the machine?
C. What is the matter with the machine? D. All of the above.
2.The boat______ ， throwing the boy into the water.
A. turned over B. turned down C. turned up D. turned out
3. --The dish is delicious! --Well, at least it's ________ the one I cooked yesterday. A. as bad as B. no worse than C. as well as D. not better than
4. Words _____ meaning, as we all know.A. convince B. convey C. contribute D. conquer
5. You will find a map of great ____ in helping you to get round London.
A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness
6. I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I _______ for her. A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
7. --I am going to the office. --______you're there, can you get me some stamps? (NMET\'99) A. As B. While C. Because D. If
8. The engine of the ship suddenly failed and then came a big storm , which the helplessness of the crew at sea .
A．resulted from B．added to C．turned out D．brought about
9._____by the bullets whistling by, the timid fellow hid his head in the bush,_____.
A. Frightened; left his body exposing B. Frightening; and left his body exposed
C. Frightening; leaving his body exposed D. Frightened; leaving his body exposed
10. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter ____ that I’m talking to.
A. who it is B. who is it C. it is who D. it is whom
B级（应用创新）
第一部分 单项填空
1._____there is no loss of speed over the blades, we can calculate the outlet velocity of the steam. A. Assuming that B. So that C. Such that D. In order that
2. I know this is not quite the right word, but I can’t be bothered to think of .
A．a better B．a best C．the better D．the good
3．He spent several hours in the wind and snow, .
A．coldly and hungrily B．cold and hungry
C．being cold and hungry D．in cold and hunger
4．-Henry doesn’t seem to be what he was.
-No. so much in the war has made him more thoughtful.
A．Seen B．His seeing C．Having seen D．To have seen
5．If you lend me 500 pounds, it will me having to go to the bank.
A．save B．share C．serve D．help
6．It’s good that we to the park because it has sharted to rain.
A．don’t go B．hadn’t gone C．didn’t go D．wasn’t going
7．I’ve never been so poor able to afford a meal.
A．as to be not B．not as to be C．as not to be D．as to not be
8．I like during the Spring Festival when everyone stays with his family.
A．this B．that C．one D．it
9．There are ten waiting rooms at the newly-built station, in all 20,000 people.
A．seating B．seated C．sitting D．to seat
10．It is the protection for trees really matters, how many trees are planted.
A．what, besides B．that, except
C．that, rather than D．what, other than
11．It is hightly desirable that every effort to reduce the pollution in Beijing.
A．is made B．was made C．were made D．be made
12．-Mary looks hot and dry.
-So you if you had a high fever.
A．do B．are C．will D．would
13．There were a lot of people in the reading room, most of with their heads bent down over their books.
A．them B．whom C．that D．which
14．His income today is double it was five years ago.
A．that B．which C．what D．as
15．Government reports, legal papers and most business letters are the main situations
English is used.
A．when B．that C．how D．where
第二部分 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分, 满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36---55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。
A soccer referee (裁判)punished for scoring a goal while taking charge of a game has quit the job after being found guilty of bringing the game into shame by the Essex County Football Association. The Essex County Football Association said that they were disappointed by the __1__ of Savill, who hit the headlines last year when his sympathy for a team getting beaten 1-18 went __2__ . “It is a pretty rare __3__ and hopefully it won't happen again.” Essex County FA chief executive Phil Sammons said.
Brian Savill was taking __4__ of a Great Bromley Cup game in the South of England between Earls Colne and Wimple. With 10 minutes __5__ and Wimple falling behind 1-18, Savill found the ball at his __6__ in front of the Earls Colne goal and quickly _7__it into the net, __8__ signaling a goal.
The laws of the game state that the referee is part of the playing area and that the game __9__ if the ball strikes him. There is no laws to differentiate between a (an) __10__or intentional contact. Savill's __11__ goal made__12__ difference to the result as Earls Colne went on to win 20-2, but the officials were __13__. The Essex County FA finally found 47-year-old Savill guilty and __14__ his job for seven weeks.
Savill, a referee with 18 years’ experience, officially announced that he would __15__ the job after finding out about the decision. “__ 16__ haven't got a sense of humor,” he told the Times newspaper. “It brought __17__ to everyone’s lives. It shows __18__ can be enjoyable and that we are not Hitlers running around blowing 19 all the time.” However, he advised other referees against following his __20__.
1. A. decision B. advice C. comments D. statement
2. A. wrong B. too far C. crazy D. very serious
3. A. case B. scene C. game D. score
4. A. pictures B. sights C. pity D. charge
5. A. going B. remaining C. ending D. leaving
6. A. hand B. feet C. back D. side
7. A. threw B. laid C. kicked D. hit
8. A. after B. while C. for D. before
9. A. continues B. wins C. delays D. ends
10. A. thankful B. friendly C. beautiful D. accidental
11. A. strange B. wonderful C. amazing D. helpful
12. A. little B. much C. doubtful D. sensible
13. A. watched B. pleased C. impressed D. tricked
14. A. stopped B. encouraged C. fired D. scolded
15. A. take B. leave C. improve D. refuse
16. A. We B. He C. I D. They
17. A. hate B. violence C. enjoyment D. friendship
18. A. playing B. inspecting C. scoring D. refereeing
19. A. wind B. whistles C. horns D. weapons
20. A. example B. humor C. record D. lesson
第三部分 阅读理解
A
The trees arrived by post, a half-open parcel. They were thin and straight, rather like arrows but with shiny leaves at one end and muddy roots at the other. Terry and his father took them down the garden and planted them in their prepared places. Terry had great hopes of the middle tree, now set in the holy spot where Henry, his cat, run over, had been laid to rest a year before. The nine trees made an avenue down one side of the garden, where there was already a fifteen-foot stonewall between the garden and the back yards of the Jenkins Street houses. “Why do we want a row of trees as well as a wall?” Terry asked his father.
His father said, “For privacy. These trees grow very thickly.”
His father’s love of privacy often puzzled Terry, who was not one to keep himself to himself, but he could see part of the point here. The houses in Jenkins Street were on higher ground. His friend Leslie lived in number twelve, and Leslie had only to stand on a box to see right over the wall.
“Will the trees grow higher than the wall?” Terry asked then.
“Oh yes, twice as high if not more. It’ll take a few years but they'll grow.”
So they were going to have nine trees thirty feet tall, to keep them from being overlooked. Terry wondered why this was so desirable. He said, “Our garden is very pretty. Why can’t we let the people over the wall see it? That wouldn’t be showing off, would it? ” “No, I don’t think it would be,” his father said. “Yet some people might feel a bit less happy if they can always see a good thing that isn’t theirs. We don’t want to be the cause of any jealousy if we can help it.”
This consideration for other people’s feelings must be a grown-up thing. Terry thought. It was not his idea of how to run things. He said, “These trees-it seems a lot of trouble to go to just to stop people being jealous of us,”
His father looked at him. “It isn’t much trouble, Terry,” he said. “These trees will grow without help from us. They’ll be beautiful. And listen to them. You can already hear them whispering to us in the wind. ”
1. How do we know that Terry’s father was expecting the trees? A. He thought they would grow tall and thick. B. He expected them because they arrived by post. C. He and Terry had dug holes for them. D. The parcel was half open, so he could see they were trees.2. Part of the garden is called a holy spot because . A. Henry had been run over just there B. a cat was buried there C. Terry thought it was holy. D. it was right in front of Leslie’s house3. We know from the passage that Terry’s father is a man who . A. was proud of his garden and liked showing it off B. didn’t quite like his neighbors C. preferred to keep his privacy D. felt jealous of the people in Jenkins Street4. Why were the trees planted in front of the wall? A. Because that was where they would grow faster. B. To improve the appearance of the house. C. To hide the ugly sight of Jenkins Street. D. To stop people from looking inside.
5. According to Terry’s father, the thing that might have made the neighbors feel less happywas ________ .
A. the wall B. the thriving row of trees C. the well-kept garden D. the privacy of the place
B
In the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Bad events like "serious illness of a family member" were high on the list, but so were some helpful life changing events like marriage.
When you take the Holmes Rahe test you must remember that the score does not show how you deal with stress - it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you deal with these events dramatically（戏剧性地） affects your chances of staying healthy. By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women’s magazines ran titles like "Stress causes illness".
If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy the articles said avoid stressful events. But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous ,many - like the death of a loved one - are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription （处方） for staying away from chances as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move. The idea that all stress makes you sick also takes no notice of a lot of what we know about people. It supposes we’re all vulnerable and not active in the face of the difficult situation. But what about human ability and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental strength than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom and physical and mental pressure.
6. The result of Holmes Rahe’s medical research tells us ________ .
A. the way you deal with major events may cause stress
B. what should be done to avoid stress
C. what kind of event would cause stress
D. how to deal with sudden changes in life
7. The studies on stress in the early 1970s led to ________ .
A. popular avoidance of stressful jobs B. great fear over the mental disorder
C. a careful research into stress related illnesses D. widespread worry about its harmful effects
8. The score of the Holmes Rahe test shows________ .
A. how you can deal with life changing events B. how helpful events can change your life
C. how stressful a major event can be D. how much pressure you are under
9. Why is "such simplistic advice" ( Line 1, Para.3) impossible to follow?
A. No one can stay on the same job for long
B. No prescription is effective in reducing stress
C. People have to get married someday
D. You could be missing chances as well
10. According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become ________ .
A. nervous when faced with difficulties B. physically and mentally tired
C. more able to deal with difficulties D. cold toward what happens to them
第四部分 短文改错
Dear Mum and Dad:
This is a quick note tell you that we have arrived 1:________
safely and that we are having a real wonderful time. 2:________
The flight is very good and we arrived at our hotel 3:________
in time for our evening meal. The weather here is 4:________
much better than at home. Sometimes it rain a little 5:________
at night, and it’s sunny during the day. If the 6:________
weather is nice the next week，we’ll go sailing. 7:________
Today I have to write all my postcards. I want it to 8:________
arrive before we will get back home on Sunday. We're 9:________
all well, and looking forward to see you. 10:________
Hope all's well.
Lots of love
第五部分：书面表达
5月2日《蓉城日报》报道：某大型超市最近做出一项新的决定：为减少白色污染，超市将不再为购物的顾客提供免费的塑料袋。请你就此从以下几个方面发表自己的看法：
1．这一决定的利与弊
2．建议超市提供纸袋，顾客也可自带包装
3．要彻底解决白色污染的问题，需要首先提高人们对环保的认识
注意：1．词数：100左右； 2．参考词汇：《蓉城日报》：Rongcheng Daily
参考答案
第一部分 单项填空
1-5 DABBC 6-10 CBBBA
第一部分 单项填空
1-5 AABBA 6-10 CCDAC 11-15 DDACD
第二部分 完形填空
1-5 ABADB 6-10 BCDAD 11-15 AACAB 16-20 DCDBA
第三部分 阅读理解
1-5 CBCDC 6-10 ADDBC
第四部分 短文改错
1. note 与tell 之间加to 2. real→ really 3. is→ was 4. √ 5. rain→ rains
6. and→ but 7. 去掉the 8. it→ them 9. 去掉will 10. see→ seeing
第五部分：写作
One possible version:
It is reported in Rongcheng Daily that a big supermarket has made a new decision that in order to reduce white pollution, the market will no longer provide for the customers free plastic bags. In my opinion, the decision will have both positive and negative effects. As is known, people throw away used plastic bags wherever they want to and the white pollution, mainly caused by plastics, which is hard to break down, is becoming a danger to people’s life. There is no doubt that the decision will do good to the environment. However, it will bring inconvenience to the customers. It’s likely that fewer people will choose this supermarket and therefore the sales of the shop will be badly affected.
To solve this problem, I think the supermarket can provide paper bags or the customers are encouraged to bring along bags of their own. But what I want to point out is that stopping providing plastic bags is far from being the best way to protect the earth from white pollution. It’s not until everyone understands the importance of protecting environment that the world will be really clean.
蜜
蜜蜂的语言
有很多种不同种类的蜂.有些是聚居在大家族里,象蜜蜂,把它们的窝筑在树上或岩石洞里.还有一些则把它们的窝筑在地下的洞里.也有一些根本就不住在一起的蜜蜂.在不同种类的蜂之中,蜜蜂吸引了很多科学家,因为他们用一种语言来互相传递信息.1851年,现代蜂房的研制使研究蜜蜂语言的实验成为可能. 卡尔冯弗里希教授,一个澳大利亚的科学家,多年研究在黑暗的蜂房里蜜蜂是怎样以很巧妙的方式传递信息的.冯弗里希教授多年从事蜜蜂的研究工作,他对一再观察到的某些现象曾感到迷惑不解.当他把一小碟一小碟的蜜放在桌上时,蜜蜂不一会儿就来了.只要有一只蜜蜂发现了蜜,没多久便飞来许多蜜蜂.看来,一只(发现了食物的)蜜蜂能把食物的信息传递给蜂箱里的其他蜜蜂.这是怎样传递的呢?为了弄清情况,冯弗里希制作了几个特殊的蜂箱,每个里面只有一蜂巢.蜂箱的一面装上玻璃,他可以透过玻璃观察蜜蜂在里面的活动情况.为了便于区别,他在一些蜜蜂的身上涂上颜色. 当一只带有标记的蜜蜂从喂食的桌上飞回蜂箱时,冯弗里希就透过玻璃进行观察.使他惊异的是,这只蜜蜂在巢壁上跳起舞来.先向右转一圈,再向左转一圈.就这样一遍又一遍地来回转圈.但情况还不只此.这种舞蹈似乎使周围的蜜蜂也活跃起来了.它们成群地跟在这只蜜蜂后面,模仿它的动作.然后离开蜂箱飞到喂食处去了.这种圆圈舞好象是传递有关食物的信息.可是它还传递什么别的信息吗? 冯弗里希想弄清这种舞蹈能不能说明喂食处有多远. 因此,他安排了两个喂食处.
一个靠近蜂箱.另一个远离蜂箱. 他给所有来附近喂食处的蜜蜂标上蓝色,给飞到远的喂食处的蜜蜂标上红色.当蜜蜂返回蜂箱时,冯弗里希看到了一种奇妙的现象.所有到过近处喂食处的蜜蜂都跳着圆圈舞.所有到过远处喂食处的蜜蜂都跳着一种完全不同的舞--摆尾舞.跳舞的蜜蜂沿着直线飞,腹部左右摆动.然后它转半个圈,再沿直线飞,在另一边又转半个圈.它一遍又一遍地不断重复着这些"舞步".情况清楚了.圆圈舞的意思是食物在近处.摆尾舞的意思是食物在远处.
接下来,冯弗里希和他的同事们在靠近蜂箱的地方设立了一个喂食处. 接着他们把喂食处慢慢地往远处移动.他们回到蜂箱近旁时,便仔细观察摆尾舞.他们用跑表计算蜜蜂在一分钟内重复舞蹈的次数.他们发现喂食地点越远,舞就跳得越慢,舞蹈越慢,在一分钟内能够重复的次数就越少.于是又发现一个令人惊讶的情况.每分钟摆尾舞的次数说明到喂食地点的距离.他们也发现蜜蜂在它们的蜂房和喂食处所飞的最大距离是3.2公里.
其次,冯弗里希和他的同事们要知道的是蜜蜂们是否能够告诉其它伙伴确切的食物位置.例如,蜜蜂能