Module 4 The natural elements Unit 1 Electricity today
［教学过程］
重点词汇
appliance efficiently electrical flash
fright neater lightening link
mainly microwave operate plug
pylon refrigerator steam storm
vacuum wire
be known as...
be known as作为……而出名
He is known as a fair judge.他作为一名公正的法官而出名。
同义词：be famous as
辨析：be known for意思是“因……而出名”，相当于be famous for。
He was known for his frankness.他因坦诚而出名。
be known to意思是“……所熟知的”。
As is known to all, the earth is round.
正如大家所熟知的那样，地球是圆的。
yet用法
在现在完成时的句子中，already常用于肯定句，yet常用于否定句和疑问句，但yet还有其他用法。
1. 用于否定句中，意思是“还、尚、迄今、到那时”。例如：
He is not yet here. 他还未到。
At three o’clock they had not yet decided whether to play basketball or not.
三点钟时他们尚未决定是否去打篮球。
2. 用于疑问句中，意思是“已经”。例如：
Is everything ready yet ? 一切都准备好了吗？
3. 与比较级连用，意思是“更”。例如：
You must work yet harder. 你还需更努力地工作。
4. 与once , again , another 连用，意思是“再”。例如：
He has made yet another mistake.
他又犯了一个错误。
5. 用于肯定句中，意思是“仍然、还得”。例如：
She is yet a child. 她还是个孩子。
6. 用作并列连词时，意思是“然而、可是”。例如：
He studied hard yet he failed.
他学习努力，可是考试仍未及格
still：yet 辨析
1a. 一般说来，这两个副词几乎可以通用，只是两者在句中的词序稍有不同
比较：I’ve still a few more pages to read. 我尚有几页书要读。
I’ve a few more pages to read yet. 我尚有几页书要读。
We have exported a lot of goods，but we must export still more.
我们已出口了许多货物，但仍须再多出口一些。
We have exported a lot of goods，but we must export more yet.
我们已出口了许多货物，但仍须再多出口一些。
1b. 两者的情态色彩和语气强弱不一样。试举例来说明。
比较：Is Teddy still here？丹迪仍在这里吗？（仿佛说，他曾在这里，但不知他走了没有，所以这一句等于“Hasn't he left？”的意思。）
Is Teddy here yet？丹迪还没有来吗？（仿佛说，我希望他来，但不知他来了没有，所以这一句等于“Has he arrived？” 的意思。）
Is Jane still not here？珍妮还没有到吗？（不愉快的心情较强）
Isn’t Jane here yet？珍妮还没有到吗？（不愉快的心情较弱）
take与bring都有“带”，“拿”的意思。take与bring实际上是一对反义动词。take的意思是“拿走”，“带走”，指把某人或某物从说话人所在地带往别处。例如：
Take him to hospital at once, please.
请马上带他去医院。
bring指“带来”，“拿来”，指把某人或某物从别处带到说话人身边来。例如：
Eddie brings me some books.
埃迪给我带来了几本书。
bring to 带来好东西 bring on 带来坏东西
Work brings happiness to us.
Laziness brings misfortunes on us.
bring与take在动作方向上的区别相当于come 与go。请体会这个句子：Take this coat away and bring me mine. 把这件外衣拿走，把我的外衣拿来。
also，too
这两个词都是副词，又都表示“也是”的意思，但在修辞意味和使用场合上有所不同。它们的区别如下：
（一）一般说来，also用于比较正式（formal）的场合，语气比too庄重； too是惯熟（familiar）的用语，使用范围较广。
（二）also在句中的位置要紧靠动词； too在句中的位置比较灵活，有时插入句中，前后用逗号分开，有时放在句末。
（三）too只能用在肯定句中，不可用于否定句内。either只能用于否定句；also即可以用在肯定句中，又可以用在否定句中。
下面请看例句：
Reading books is learning，but practice is also learning。
读书是学习，实践也是学习。
We have not heard such a thing. Also，we have never seen such a scene.
我们没有听见过这种事情，我们也从来没有见过这种场面。
请注意，一般说来，also在句中的位置应紧靠动词，但有时为了强调其意，也可以将它放在句首或句末。
Mary, too, can play the piano.
玛丽也会弹钢琴。
Could you speak Japanese？-Yes，and Spanish too.
您会说日语吗？--会的，还会说西班牙语哩。
also虽然和too同义，但前者大都用于书面语，后者大都用于口语。例：
The lady washed the children and also gave them dinner. （书面语）
The lady washed the children and gave them dinner too. （口语）
在口语中，too还可以用 as well代替。
as well as，as well
这一对短语仅差一字之微，意义相近，故很易引起混淆。
作为习语用作介词时，as well as的涵义是“还有”、“不但…而且…”。值得注意的是，在A as well as B的结构里，语意的重点在 A，不在 B。因此，“He can speak Spanish as well as English. ”的译文应该是：“他不但会说英语，而且会讲西班牙语”，决不能译作：“他不但会说西班牙语，而且会讲英语”。如果这样翻译，就是本末倒置了。as well as和 not only… but also…同义，但前者的语意重点和后者的语意重点恰好颠倒。
如果 as well as用作连词引出比较从句，其义为“和…一样好”。因此，“He speaks Spanish as well as English. ”应译作：“他说西班牙语像说英语一样好”。语意的重点依旧在前部，不在后半部。
make…from make…of make…into make up
They make wine from grapes.
This big box is made of wood.
They make milk into butter and cheese.
A car is made up of many different parts.
show
show sb. sth. show sth. to sb.
Show me what you have in your bag.
He showed me his pictures.
1. 一般现在时(the Simple Present Tense)
1) 叙述公认的事实和真理，没有时间性，任何时候都是如此。如：
The earth is round.
Wealth doesn't always bring happiness to us.
2) 叙述现阶段平日习惯或日常的行为活动。在这种句子里常有表示习惯性的副词、副词短语或从句。有：often, usually, sometimes, always, never, seldom, every day, once a year, on Sundays等，或从句when…,as soon as…等，如：
Do you go to school on Sundays?
How often does he go to the cinema?
As soon as he arrives, I'll tell him the truth.
3) 叙述现在的事实和情况：
I think he is an honest man.
He wants to be a doctor.
4) 在以if, even if, unless, provided that等引出的条件状语从句里。如：
If it rains tomorrow , I’m going to stay at home.
I won’t go there unless he invites me .
但是，当if, when引导宾语从句时，表示将来时间须用将来时。如：
I don’t know he will come.
I wonder if it will rain tomorrow.
5) 代替现在时行时：在“Here comes…”、“There goes …”的倒装结构中，用一般现在代替进行时。如：
Look , here comes the teacher!
Listen! There goes the bell!
【模拟试题】（答题时间：40分钟）
一. 选择
1. -I forgot to ______ you about today’s homework.
-That’s OK. I heard about it from someone else.
A. say B. tell C. talk D. speak
2. -Your present looks nice. Is it ______ silk?
-Yes. It’s_______ Hangzhou.
A. made for, made by B. made for, made in
C. made of, made by D. made of, made in
3. -Can I join your club ,Dad?
-You can when you______ a bit older.
A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got
4. -Is David at school today?
-No. He is at home _____ he has a bad cold.
A. because B. if C. though D. until
5. -Did you ever go there?
-I ______ go there myself.
A. use B. used to C. am used to D. was used to
6. He was known_____ his honesty.
A. as B. for C. to D. on
7. Life is made_______ of both sweetness and sorrow.
A. from B. of C. into D. up
8. Please______ some water to me.
A. bring B. take C. carry D. fetch
9. _____ else is coming?
A. Who B. What C. Which D. Where
10. When I was still a kid, father told me the earth _______ round the sun.
A. turn B. turned C. turns D. is turned
二. 完型填空
Every year students in many countries learn English. Some of these students are children, __1__ students are young people. Why do all these people want to learn__2__? It is not__3__to answer this question. Many boys and girls learn English at school. It is one of their __4__. Many people learn English because it is__5__in their work. Some young people learn English__6__their higher studies because some of their books are__7__English. Other people learn English because they want to __8__newspapers in English. Some people learn English because they want to __9__ in the USA, England or Australia. English is very__10__in our life (生活).
1. A. all B. the other C. both D. other
2. A. English B. Chinese C. maths D. Japanese
3. A. hard B. easy C. good D. nice
4. A. books B. classes C. schools D. subjects
5. A. good B. useful C. fine D. pleased
6. A. for B. of C. to D. from
7. A. in B. with C. at D. of
8. A. look B. see C. look at D. read
9. A. go B. work C. like D. come
10. A. help B. helping C. helps D. helpful
三. 阅读理解
A Golden Watch
Mr Mike was a young man. He was not very rich. One day he went into a watch shop to buy a nice-looking watch for his girl friend, Rose. He fixed his eyes on a nice golden watch, and decided to buy it. The shop assistant took the watch out, and asked for three hundred pounds for it. Just then, a boy of about fifteen suddenly rushed over and grasped the watch from the assistant's hand. The assistant hurried out to catch the boy. But it was too late, the boy had disappeared among the street very quickly.
On the way home, Mike met the boy, who would sell him the gold watch for only one hundred pounds. “The boy didn't know that I saw him stealing the watch from the shop. And he asked for much less money than that in the shop.” Mike thought to himself. So he paid the boy and took the watch home.
The next day, Mike gave the golden watch to Rose, and told her all about the watch. Rose looked at the watch for a while, then, laughed loudly, “You are really a fool!" she said, "This watch isn't worth 100 pounds at all. The assistant and the boy must have planned the whole thing together!”
1. The shop assistant said the price of the watch was ____.
A. 100 pounds B. 200 pounds
C. 300 pounds D. less than 100 pounds
2. The shop assistant must have known ____ very well.
A. Mike B. the boy C. Rose D. nobody
3. The boy would sell Mike the watch for ____.
A. 200 pounds B. 300 pounds
C. as much money as that in the shop D. much less money than that in the shop
4. In fact, the watch was worth ____.
A. 100 pounds B. 300 pounds
C. just a little money D. much more money
5. In this story, who really lost something?
A. The shop assistant B. Mike
C. The boy D. Rose
【试题答案】
一. 1~5 B D A A B 6~10 C D A A C
二. 1~10 D A A D B A A D B D
三. 1~5 C B D C B