Unit1 How do you study for a test?
［教学过程］
一. Topic（主题）：learning how to learn（学习如何去学）通过本单元的学习，培养独立思考及分析问题、解决问题的能力
二. 语法知识要点：动词＋by＋动名词
三. 重点句型：－How do you study for…?
－I study by….
四. 重点词汇
1. aloud adv. 出声地，高声地 2. pronunciation n. 发音，发音法
3. skill n. 技能，技巧 4. voice n. 说话声、声音
5. specific adj. 明确的，详细而精确的 6. memorize v. 记忆，背诵
7. grammar n. 语法、语法规则 8. differently adv. 不同地，有区别地
9. frustrate v. 使失望、使沮丧 10. frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的，令人失望的
11. quickly adv. 快地；迅速地 12. add v. 又说，继续说
13. excited adj. 激动的，兴奋的 14. pronounce v. 发…音，正确吐音/字
15. spoken adj. 口语的，口头的 16. slowly adv. 慢的、缓慢的
17. comma n. 逗号 18. challenge n. 挑战
19. solution n. 解决、解答 20. complete adj. 完整的、完全的
21. sentence n. 句子 22. secret n. 秘密、机密
23. learner n. 学习者 24. term n. 学期
25. impress v. 使感动，给…深刻印象26. fast adv. 快地，迅速地
27. native adj. 本族的，本土的 28. speaker n. 讲话者，说话者
五. 重点词组：
1. 做生字卡 make flashcards 2. 向某人求助 ask sb. for help
3. 做某事最好的办法the best way to do…
4. 例如for example 5. 询问ask about
6. 根本；一点也不not …at all 7. 结束做… end up （doing）sth.
8. 用汉语in Chinese 9. 听磁带listen to cassettes
10. 口语spoken English 11. 出错make mistakes
12. 参加英语俱乐部join an English club
13. 练习做…practice doing… 14. 首先first of all
15. 开始to begin with 16. 后来later on
17. 不敢做…be afraid to do… 18. 在课堂上in class
19. 造句make sentences 20. 作笔记take notes
21. 决定做…decide to do… 22. 喜欢做…enjoy doing sth.
23. 写下；记下write down 24. 组成make up
25. 在去…路上on one’s way to 26. 因…而惭愧be ashamed of
27. 过时behind the times 28. 关闭turn off
29. 嘲笑laugh at 30. 最糟糕的是worst of all
31. 适应；适合fit in 32. 如今；现在these days
33. 成为…高手become an expert at 34. 放弃give up
35. 向某人道别say goodbye to sb. 36. 考虑think about
六. 课文解析
I. 1a Check （√）the ways you study for an English test. Then add other ways you use sometimes.
－－by working with friends －－by listening to cassettes
－－by making flashcards －－by asking the teacher for help
－－by reading the textbook －－__________________
－－by making vocabulary lists －－__________________
1. “by＋动名词”常常表示手段、方式或方法，可以用来回答“how”引导的特殊疑问句
eg: －How did you finish the job so soon?
你是用什么方法这么快就干完了？
－－By climbing on the roof.
我爬到屋顶上做的。
They make a living by selling souvenirs to the tourists.
他们靠向游客出售纪念品来谋生。
2. 复习“by”的用法
（1）到（某时候）：
Perhaps she has recovered by now.
到现在她可能已经痊愈了。
（2）由（某人干的），以（某种方式），通过
Who is that book by?
这本书是谁写的？
We learn to swim by swimming.
我们在游泳中学会游泳。
（3）坐（船、汽车，飞机等）
I came by bus （boat, subway）. 我坐汽车（船，地铁）来的。
II. 1b. Boy 1: Hey, gang. There’s a big test on Tuesday. I really need some help. Can you tell me how you study for a big test?
Voices: Sure! Yes. Sure we will.
Boy 1: You did really well on the last English test, didn’t you, Mei?
Girl 1: Yeah. I did OK.
Boy 1: Well, how did you study?
Girl 1: By making flashcards.
Boy 1: Maybe I’ll try that. How did you study, Pierre?
Boy 2: By asking the teacher for help. She was really happy I asked.
Boy 1: That’s interesting. How do you study, Antonio?
Boy 3: I like to study by listening to cassettes. But sometimes my mother thinks I’m listening to music. And then she gets mad.
Boy 1: Oh, well.
1. You did really well on the last English test, didn’t you?
你在上次英语考试中考得很好，是吗？
did （do）well in / on 在某方面做得好
2. ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物；ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
eg: She asked her classmate for the new dictionary.
Tony asked his brother to clean the room.
III. 2a. 2b.
Girl 1: Welcome to the English club. Today we’re going to talk about the best ways to learn English. Who has an idea?
Boy 1: Do you learn English by watching English-language videos?
Girl 2: No. It’s too hard to understand the voices.
Boy 1: What about keeping a diary in English? Do you learn English that way?
Girl 2: I think so. It helps to write English every day.
Girl 3: Have you ever studied with a group?
Girl 2: Yes, I have! I’ve learned a lot that way.
Girl 1: Do you ever practice conversations with friends?
Girl 2: Oh, yes. It improves my speaking skills.
Boy 1: What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation?
Girl 3: I do that sometimes. I think it helps.
Boy 2: I do too. And I always look up new words in a dictionary.
Girl 3: That’s a great idea!
1. 辨析：study, learn
（1）learn和study作“学”，“学习”讲，有时可以互换。
eg: When did you begin to learn / study English?
你是什么时候开始学英语的？
（2）learn侧重学习的结果，因而常译作“学到”，“学会”，study则侧重学习的过程。
eg: He studied hard and at last learned the language.
他努力学习，终于学会了这种语言。
（3）learn多用于初级阶段的学习或带有模仿性的操作技艺等；study则用于较高深或周密的研究。
eg: The baby is learning to speak.
这个小孩正在学说话。
He is studying the problem of maths.
他正研究数学问题。
2. It improves my speaking skills.
improve 是动词，意思是“改善、使…进步（长进）”
eg: Can you tell me how to improve my listening skill?
你能告诉我怎样提高听力吗？
I want to improve my skating skill?
我想提高我的滑冰技能。
3. I do too = I also think it helps.
我也认为它有帮助。
4. look up new words in a dictionary
在字典上查生词
“look up ”意思是：查阅
“look”的其他一些词组是：
III. SA 3a
How do you learn best?
This week we asked students at New Star High School about the best ways to learn more English. Many said they learnt by using English. Some students had more specific suggestions. Lillian Li, for example, said the best way to learn new words was by reading English magazines. She said that memorizing the words of pop songs also helped a little. When we asked about studying grammar, she said, “I never study grammar. It’s too boring.”
Wei Ming feels differently. He’s been learning English for six years and really loves it. He thinks studying grammar is a great way to learn a language. He also thinks that watching English movies isn’t a bad way because he can watch the actors say the words. Sometimes, however, he finds watching movies frustrating because the people speak too quickly.
Liu Chang said that joining the English club at school was the best way to improve her English. Students get lots of practice and they also have fun. She added that having conversations with friends was not helpful at all. “We get excited about something and then end up speaking in Chinese, ”she said.
1. 阅读，填写下列表格
Ways of learning English
Lillian Li Not successful OK Successful
Wei Ming
Liu Chang
2. 朗读课文
3. 课文解析
（1）ask sb. about sth. 意思是“询问或打听某人某事”
eg: I’d like to ask Mr Green about my son’s study.
我想问一下格林先生我儿子学习的情况。
ask的其他词组：ask sb. to do sth. 叫/要求某人做某事
ask sb. for sth. 向某人要某物
（2）many在本句中是代词，意思是“许多人”，在这里等于many students.
eg: There are many who can speak two languages there.
在那儿有许多人会说两种语言。
How many are going to help us?
有几个人会帮我们忙呢？
（3）“memorizing the words of pop songs”，也可以改为用动词不定式作主语，即“to memorize the words of pop songs”
eg: Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.
= To watch TV too much is bad for your eyes.
= It’s bad for your eyes to watch TV too much.
（4）He’s been learning English for six years and really loves it.
他已经学了六年英语了，他的确很喜爱它。
本句的时态是现在完成进行时：have / has + been + v-ing.
现在完成进行时强调在某一段时间内动作一直在进行，通常动作有现在的结果。
eg: I’ve been working for Simens for 10 years.
我已经在西门子公司工作十年了。
She is very tired. She’s been typing letters all day.
她很累了，她一整天都在打信件。
（5）这个句子是一个较长的句子，句子的结构也较为复杂，从整体看，本句是含有because引导的原因状语从句的主从复合句，主句中有含有that引导的宾语从句
A. because 是连词，意思是“因为…（所以…）”，“因为”。
eg:
－Why are you so late, Betty?
－Because my bike was broken on the way.
要注意because不能与so（所以）连用，因为because已包含“所以”的意思。
B. watch sb. do sth. “观看某人做（过）某事”。类似的词组有：
watch sb. doing sth. “观看某人（正在）做某事。”
在这里watch是感知动词，与其类似的词还有：hear, see, find等。
eg: I heard somebody sang / singing an English song.
我听到有人唱了（正在唱）一首英文歌。
The crowd watched the fireman climb the ladder, break a window on the first floor, and enter the building.
人们看到消防队员爬上梯子，打碎2层楼的窗子，进入楼房。
（6）“find watching movies frustrating”意思是“发现看影片令人沮丧”，该短语的结构是“find ＋宾语＋形容词”。
eg: I find the book very instructive.
= I find the book is very instructive.
我发觉这本书非常有用。
You’ll find him difficult to get along with.
= You’ll find it difficult to get along with him.
你会发觉他很难相处。
（7）“not …at all”意为“一点也不”
eg: She doesn’t like apples at all. 他一点也不喜欢苹果。
I am not angry at all. 我一点也没生气。
（8）“end up”意为“最后成为，终归…”后面接名词或动名词。
eg: She ended up talking with her mother.
He ended up the head of the company.
【模拟试题】（答题时间：40分钟）
一. 英汉词组互译：
1. 求助于老师_________ 2. 提高英语能力_________
3. learn English by watching English-language video ________________
4. 朗读__________ 5. memorize the words of pop songs__________
6. feel differently__________ 7. 加入英语俱乐部__________
8. have conversations with friends__________
9. 做一个调查__________ 10. to begin with__________
二. 选择填空：
1. Grandpa is getting old and he has trouble ________ what others say to him.
A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. have heard
2. Some students were afraid _________ in class because they thought their classmates might laugh at them.
A. of speak B. to speak C. speak D. to speaking
3. English is popular around the world and most people speak it ________ a second language.
A. as B. like C. for D. by
4. I haven’t seen the movie and my brother hasn’t _______.
A. too B. either C. also D. yet
5. Do you know _______? At 8:00 a.m.
A. who to talk with B. when to have a meeting
C. what to do next D. where to go swimming
6. Watching English movies isn’t a bad way to learn English because learners can watch the actors ________ the words.
A. saying B. say C. to say D. to saying
7. The box was _________ heavy for me ________ lift.
A. so, that B. too, to C. too, too D. to, too
8. She thinks the best way _________ English is ________ English magazines.
A. to learn, read B. to learn, by reading
C. learning, reading D. learning, to read
9. He was ________ because English grammar is ________.
A. frustrated, frustrated B. frustrating, frustrating
C. frustrated, frustrating D. frustrating, frustrated
10. Practice makes perfect. It is _______ of becoming a successful learner.
A. one of the secret B. one of the secrets
C. one of secret D. one secrets
三. 用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空
to begin with end up memorize feel
making mistakes practice trouble
write down improve laugh at
1. Well, _______, he shouldn’t even have been driving my car.
2. It gives students the opportunity to _______ speaking English.
3. Most slimmers ________ putting weight back on.
4. Don’t be afraid of ________ when you learn a foreign language.
5. He has a very good memory and it is said that he can ________ all the texts in this textbook.
6. This kind of paper _______ very soft.
7. He has so much ________ with writing. I’m never sure where the comma goes in a sentence.
8. Don’t ________ others’ shortcomings.
9. You should _______ new English words in a vocabulary list.
10. The best way to ________ your English is to join an English club.
四. 任务型阅读：
（一）
你知道外国学生怎样度假吗？请你读一读下面的介绍，并根据你读到的信息完成表格。
Take A Learning Vacation
How are you spending your next vacation? No plans? Then how about going to an overseas English language school, for example in the United States or the United Kingdom? Many schools offer short courses for students of all ages, from seven to seventy years old!
There are schools in small country towns, on college campuses, or in the middle of big cities.
Foreign students can stay in school buildings or with local families. Living with a family can be fun and can really help you learn.
Just think-you’ll get at least two hours a day of breakfast and dinner conversation with native speakers of English!
Classes are usually small with eight to ten students. Most afternoons you’ll have a choice of swimming, soccer and other outdoor games. The schools also arrange activities like day trips to museums and amusement parks. You’ll have a chance to improve your English and have fun at the same time!
Schools Families
living 1_____________ with local families
classes 2____________
activities 3______________
soccer and other out door games, day trips to museums and amusement parks two hours a day of breakfast and dinner conversation with native speakers of English!
help have a chance to improve your English and have fun at the same time 4___________
（二）
Turtles and tortoises have been on planet （星球）Earth even before the dinosaurs （恐龙）. They are much older. The difference between a turtle and a tortoise is that the turtle stays in water while the tortoise stays on land. But both creatures have one thing in common: they have a long life, from 120 years to almost 200 years!
Some of them are huge, like the giant tortoises of the Galapagos Islands－they weigh beyond 200 kg; their shells are more than a meter long. The beauty is that they hatch（孵化）from eggs that are not bigger than a hen’s!
The manage to live so long because the important parts of their bodies do not become weak with age, as in the case of （就…来说）humans and birds. In fact, they continue to grow very, very slowly for as long as they live. Their body does not need much energy to survive （生存）. They can live for long periods without water or food.
Turtles and tortoises face other risks （危险）to their life. After birth, their shells take some months to become hard. Till then, they are an easy prey for birds and fish. The other risk to their life comes from pollution （污染）of their living environment.
请根据短文填写下列表格：
Turtle Tortoise
Difference Stays in water 1.______
Common things 2. ___________________________
The reason of their long life 3. ___________________________
The risks of their life They are an easy prey for birds and fish before their shells become hard.
4. __________________
（三）
Finding the Best Pet
Which pet is the best pet for you? Different pets are good for different people. People who live in the country can have almost any pet. Dogs need a lot of space to run, so the country is a good place for them. The country is a good place for cats, rabbits, horses, and birds, too.
People who live in the city can also have pets. Cats are happy inside apartments. Birds, fish, and lizards can live in apartments. Dogs can be happy in apartments as long as they get plenty of exercise and fresh air. Dogs need to be walked every day. A jogger would make a good pet owner. Then the dog could run with its owner.
Cat and dog owners must train their pets. Training takes time. Birds, fish, and lizards are better pets for people who are very busy.
Cats and dogs both need soft beds to sleep on. Birds sleep on a perch in their cages. Lizards and fish need tanks to live in. One thing all animals need is lots of love.
1. People in the country can have ____________, such as _________.
2. ________ need to be walked every day.
3. Busy people could have ___________ as pets.
4. All pets need _________.
【试题答案】
一. 1. ask the teacher for help 2. improve English skills
3. 通过看英语录相学英语 4. read aloud
5. 记住流行歌曲的歌词 6. 感觉不一样
7. join the English club 8. 和某人对话
9. make a survey 10. 首先、第一
二. 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. B
6. B 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. B
三. 1. to begin with 2. practice 3. end up
4. making mistakes 5. memorize 6. feels
7. trouble 8. laugh at 9. write down
10. improve
四.（一）1. in small country towns
2. are usually small with eight to ten students
3. have a choice of swimming
4. help you learn
（二）1. stays on land 2. have a long life
3. the important parts of their bodies do not become weak with age.
4. are an easy prey for birds and fish; risk to their life comes from pollution of their living environment.
（三）1. pets cats 2. Dogs 3. lizards
4. lots of love