Unit 5-Unit 6
知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 *consist state powerful mistaken narrow unknown republic Europe form *Atlantic general *influence basis *inland *conquer *upper union judge queen cigarette proof own foot employ sheet grain westwards *approach historical *prediction exact *forecast ensure *system *consumer *reform necessity crowded goods tiny *cashre main importance regular medical deal *physician cure educator distance lifelong hopeful well-prepared *cheat *wrist programme reality
词组 *consist of be made up of make the most of hold together in general keep in touch with... pay attention to deal with in store
语法 名词性从句
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.cure
例句集锦
v.
（1）This medicine has cured thousands of people.
此药治疗好了成千上万的人。
The doctor cured him of cancer.
医生治愈了他的癌症。
（2）What can’t be cured must be endured.
［谚］无能为力之事只得忍耐。
It seems that nobody can cure me of smoking.
似乎没有人能使我戒烟。
The shock of losing my purse cured me of all my former absent-mindedness.
失去钱包的打击，使我一改过去心不在焉的坏毛病。
（3）This wound cures easily.
这种伤容易治好。
n.
（1）In three weeks a perfect cure was obtained.
三星期内完全治好了病。
（2）He went to the country for a cure.
他到乡下去疗养。
（3）He hoped to find an effective cure for AIDS.
他希望找到艾滋病的有效治疗法（药）。
（4）a cure for unemployment 解决失业的办法
用法归纳
*cure 可用作动词（vi.＆vt.）和名词。主要义项有：治疗，治愈；矫正，革除；治疗法，治疗药；解决方法。
特别提示
cure不能直接跟双宾语，而应用cure sb. of sth.。
2.deal
例句集锦
v.
（1）The profit was dealt out fairly.那笔利润分得公平。
She dealt（out）each child a pencil.
=She dealt a pencil（out）to each child.
她分给每个孩子一枝铅笔。
（2）deal with a problem 处理一个问题
This book deals with the Middle East.
这本书讨论中东问题。
The question is how to deal with the increasing amount of traffic in the streets.
问题是如何去应付街上不断增加的交通量。
（3）You should deal fairly with them.
你应该公平地对待他们。
I refuse to deal with him.
我拒绝跟他打交道。
He is hard/easy to deal with.
他难于/容易相处。
（4）Our company deals mainly in cameras.
本公司主要经营照相机。
The store deals only in trousers.
那商店只卖裤子。
Which firm do you deal with?
你跟哪家公司交易？
I usually deal at that store.
我通常在那家商店买东西。
n.
（1）make a deal in oil products 达成油品的交易
（2）It’s（That’s）a deal.
那就成交了；一言为定。
用法归纳
*deal可用作动词（vi.＆vt.）和名词。作及物动词时意为“分配”。作不及物动词时意为“处理;应付;涉及;对待;交往;交易;经营”，此时常与介词with连用。作名词时意为“成交,交易”。
特别提示
deal with 常与how连用，而do with 常与what连用。
3.remain
例句集锦
v.
（1）If you take 2 from 7,5 remains.
7减2余5。
The fact remains that she is a liar.
她是个说谎者的事实仍在。
Of the five sisters only two now remain.
五姊妹中现在只剩下两个。
Much remains to be done.
很多事有待去做。
（2）He went but his wife remained.
他去了但是他的太太留了下来。
We’ll remain here three days more.
我们还要在这儿停留三天。
She remained where she was.她留在原处。
They remained at the hotel till Monday.
他们住在旅馆，直到星期一为止。
（3）For a moment he remained speechless.
有一会儿他默默无言。
The natural beauty of the country remains unchanged.
那个国家的天然美景依然未变。
Her love affair remains a secret.
她的风流韵事依然是个秘密。
They remained friends.
他们依然是朋友。
He remained sitting there.
他继续坐在那里。
n.
the remains of a meal
吃剩的食物，剩菜残肴
用法归纳
*remain可用作动词（vi.）和名词。主要义项有：留下；停留，逗留；依然是；剩余（物）。
特别提示
remain作连系动词时，不能用被动语态。
4.require
例句集锦
v.
（1）Your presence is urgently required.
你务必到场。
I will do what is required of me.
凡是要求我做的事，我都会办到。
He required more help from me.
他要求我提供更多的帮助。
He was required to leave.
他被要求离开。
She required that I（should）go at once.
她要求我立刻去。
（2）This job requires strength.
这份工作需要体力。
This bicycle requires repairing/to be required.
这辆自行车需要修理。
The situation requires that immediate action（should）be taken.
情势上需要立即采取行动。
用法归纳
*require一般用作及物动词。主要有两个义项：要求，命令；需要。作“要求,命令”讲时主要搭配形式为：require+名词/不定式的复合宾语/that从句（从句谓语动词should+动词原形，其中should可省略）。作“需要”讲时主要搭配形式为：require+名词/动名词（不定式的被动式）/that从句（从句谓语动词should+动词原形，其中should可省略）。
特别提示
require 后跟动名词的主动式表示被动，亦可用不定式的被动式；后跟宾语从句时常用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可省略。
●重点短语
1.be made up of
例句集锦
China is made up of 56 nations.
中国有56个民族。
The committee is made up of representatives from all the universities.
委员会是由所有大学的代表组成的。
Water is made up of hydrogen and oxygen.
水是由氢和氧两种元素组成的。
相关归纳
（1）be made of/from 由……制成
This kind of paper was made from rags.
这种纸是用旧布制成的。
These wine bottles are made of glass.
这些酒瓶是由玻璃制成的。
（2）be made into（某种原料）可以制成（某种成品）
Bamboo can be made into many useful tools.
竹子可以制成很多有用的工具。
Stones can be made into bridges.
石头可以建桥。
2.make the most of
例句集锦
We should make the most of our opportunities.
我们应该尽量利用我们的机会。
We have only a few hours so we must make the most of our time.
我们只有几小时，所以我们必须善于利用我们的时间。
She’s not really beautiful,but she makes the most of her looks.
她并不十分漂亮，却很会打扮。
相关归纳
（1）make use of 使用，利用
Any citizen can make use of the public library.
任何一位公民都可以使用这家公共图书馆。
Our factory is making increasing use of robots.
我们的工厂对机器人的使用与日俱增。
Make good（the best）use of your brains.
要善用你的头脑（将你的头脑作最佳的利用）。
（2）take advantage of 利用；欺骗
He took advantage of the holiday to finish his homework.
他利用假期完成他的作业。
He took advantage of my kindness.
他利用我的仁慈。
He took advantage of his friend.
他占了他朋友的便宜。
He took full advantage of the school library.
他充分利用学校的图书馆。
特别提示
在take advantage of 结构中，advantage前无冠词，且其也不用复数。
3.keep in touch with
例句集锦
We have kept in touch with each other for twenty years.
我们相互保持联系达20年之久。
Do keep in touch.务必保持联络。
I have kept in touch with Mary since graduation.
毕业后我同玛丽一直保持联系。
相关归纳
（1）get in touch with 和……联络，和……接触
I got in touch with her.
我跟她联络上了。
（2）lose touch with（与……）失去联系；没有……的消息，不明……的真相
He has lost touch with reality.
他与现实脱节。
If we don’t write often,we will lose touch.
如果我们不经常通信，我们就会失去联系。
（3）be in/out of touch with（与……）联系/失去联络，与……脱节
I’m still in touch with his old friends.
我仍然和他的老朋友保持联系。
I can’t give you advice,because I am out of touch with economic conditions now.
我不能给你提供建议，因为我不了解现阶段的经济状况。
特别提示
在keep in touch with 和get in touch with结构中，要用介词in,而在lose touch with结构中不用介词in。
●必背句型
1.同位语从句
教材原句
（1）The idea that England stands for Fish ＆ Chips,Speakers’ Corner,Big Ben and the Tower of London is past.
用炸鱼土豆条、演讲角、大本钟和伦敦塔象征英国的时代已经过去了。
（2）The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.
大不列颠本土由三个国家组成，这一事实许多人还不知道。
补充例句
（1）Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas.
他在信中许诺这个圣诞节将来看我。
（2）The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.
飞机将会按时起飞，这消息使得大家非常高兴。
（3）The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.
学生们应该学实际东西，这个建议值得考虑。
（4）I have no idea when he will be back.
我不知道他何时回来。
特别提示
和定语从句不同，同位语从句的that（连词）只起连接作用，不作句子成分，但不能省略。
2.表语从句
教材原句
（1）The result of this French influence was that the English language ended up with many French words such as table,animal and age.
法语的影响导致英语里存在大量的法语单词，比如table,animal和age。
（2）The discussion topic for today is what school will be like in the future.
今天谈论的主题是将来的学校是个什么样子。
补充例句
（1）That’s what I told you about.
这就是我告诉过你的那件事。
（2）The truth is that I have never been there.
真实情况是我从未到过那里。
（3）The problem was when he could go there.
问题是他何时能去那里。
（4）It looks as if it is going to rain.
天看起来好像要下雨了。
特别提示
和宾语从句不同，表语从句的that（连词）只起连接作用，不作句子成分，但不能省略。
疑难突破
1.country,nation,state
这三个词都有“国家”的意思，但用法各异。country“国家”，“国土”，是不含任何感情色彩或引申意义的普通名词，着重指疆土、国土、家园。nation着重指人民，可译作“民族，国民（总称）”。例如：the Chinese nation（中华民族）。state着重指政权、国家机器。
应用
（1）The king spoke on TV to the ______.
（2）They set up a ______ of their own where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.
（3）How many ______ are there in the world?
答案：（1）nation （2）state （3）countries
2.common,usual,ordinary,general
common是（几乎）所有的人或事物所共有的，常见的，普通的，有“习见习闻，并不高贵”的意思，指品质时，则为“低劣的”。
usual指由过去的经验可判断为正常或通常的，因此是按照预测发生的。
ordinary表示与一般事物的标准、品质、习俗相同，平凡而不特殊，着重平淡无奇。
general是关联到同类中之全部、广泛的。
应用
（1）This is a very ______ idiom.
（2）This is an ______ event.
（3）The two sisters have little in ______ in their manners.
（4）Thunder is the ______ sign of a coming storm.
（5）She is in an ______ dress.
（6）Breast cancer is the most ______ form of cancer among women in this country.
（7）This opinion is ______ among the ______ population.
（8）This was no ______ meeting:it would change the future of the world.
答案：（1）common （2）ordinary （3）common （4）usual （5）ordinary （6）common （7）common;general （8）ordinary
典例剖析
【例1】 （2004年全国卷Ⅰ，31）You are saying that everyone should be equal,and this is ______ I disagree.
A.why B.where C.what D.how
剖析：where 在这里引导表语从句并在从句中作状语。disagree为不及物动词，其后不能直接加名词或代词宾语，排除C顶；A、D项意思与题意不符。
答案：B
【例2】 （2004年全国卷Ⅱ，26）The road is covered with snow.I can’t understand ______ they insist on going by motorbike.
A.why B.whether C.when D.how
剖析：本题考查宾语从句的引导词。根据语句的意义，选A比较恰当。句意为：路面上满是雪，我不明白他们为什么坚持骑摩托车。
答案：A
【例3】 （2004年天津，35）A modern city has been set up in ______ was a wasteland ten years ago.
A.what B.which C.that D.where
剖析：what引导的是名词性从句，在此作in的宾语，相当于the place that，同时在从句中作主语；B项语意欠妥；C、D两项不合语法。句意为：一个现代化的城市在10年前曾是荒地的地方建起来了。
答案：A
【例4】 （2004年上海，37）After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,______ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.
A.where B.what C.that D.how
剖析：在题干中，谓语desire to do 之后又出现了谓语动词is,说明is 之前是主语从句。能够引导主语从句并在其中充当主语的只有what。
答案：B
【例5】 （2004年上海，40）A story goes ______ Elizabeth Ⅰ of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
A.when B.where C.what D.that
剖析：that连词，不作成分只起连接作用，在这里引导同位语从句，说明story 的详细内容。
答案：D