Unit16
§2.1词句贯通
1.every now and then/again不时地
Write me a post card every now and then.
请不时地给我写张明信片。
Every now and then a plane would take off.
不时会有一架飞机起飞。
He only comes to London every now and then.
他只是偶尔来趟伦敦。
Every now and again she wiped her eyes with a handkerchief.
她不时地用手帕擦一擦眼睛。
2.downtown adv.往城里，往市中心
Let's go downtown this afternoon.
咱们今天下午去闹市区吧。
I went downtown to do some shopping today.
今天我到商业区购物去了。
They moved downtown last year.
他们搬到城里去了。
He lives downtown.他住在市区。
downtown adj.商业区的，闹市区的
He was born in downtown Tianjin.
他生在天津闹市区。
I work in a downtown office.
我在市区的一家公司上班。
The downtown traffic is very bad.
闹市区的交通很差。
3.surrounding n.（常用复数）环境，周围的事物
I'd like to bring up my child in healthy surroundings.
我想在健康的环境中养育我的孩子。
The hotel stands in picturesque surroundings.
宾馆四周的环境优美如画。
surrounding adj.周围的，附近的
the surrounding country近郊
the surrounding scenery四周的风景
surround v.包围；围绕
be surrounded with/by…被……环绕着
A crowd surrounded him.一群人围着他。
The school was surrounded by/with a fence.
学校四周围着篱笆。
Mystery surrounds the actress's death.
女演员之死笼罩着神秘的气氛。
4.feast n.(感官、精神等的)享受；盛宴
The flower exhibition was a feast for the eyes.
看花展是件赏心悦目的事。
The classical music is really a feast for the ears.
这首古典乐曲令人大饱耳福。
a wedding feast喜宴
give/make/hold a feast举行宴会，设宴
There are no feasts in the world which do not break up at last.
天下没有不散的筵席。
The Queen invited them to a feast.
女王邀请他们参加庆宴。
The King made a great feast to his ministers.
国王大宴群臣。
5.dip n.(在江、河、湖、海中)洗澡，游泳
take a dip in the lake在湖里游泳
I will have a dip in the sea.
我要洗个海水浴。
dip v.浸泡，沾水
He dipped the pen into ink.
他把笔浸到墨水里。
The little girl dipped a piece of bread into her soup.
小女孩把一块面包泡到汤里。
dip into把手伸入；浏览，稍加研究
He dipped into his pocket to get his key out.
他把手伸进口袋掏钥匙。
I haven't read that book carefully.I've only dipped into it.
我没有认真读过那本书，只是随便翻阅过。
I have been dipping into ancient history.
我一直在研究古代史。
6.shore n.滨，岸
They kept walking along the shore.
他们一直沿着岸边走。
There was an old house on the shore.
岸上有栋老房子。
They found a ship about 2 miles off the shore.
他们发现在离海岸2英里处有一艘轮船。
off shore在离岸的海里，在离海岸不远处
The boat is two miles off shore.
那艘船在离海岸两英里的海里。
on shore在岸上，在陆上
In the storm,many seamen wished they were on shore.
有暴风雨时，很多水手都希望在岸上。
They went on shore the moment the ship reached the harbor.
轮船一到港口，他们就上了岸。
7.budget n.预算(常与介词for连用)
a family budget家庭预算
the government budget for the coming year
下年度的政府预算
an advertising budget of $8000
八千美元的广告预算
introduce/open the budget提出预算方案
She made a monthly budget for her family.
她为家庭做了每个月的预算。
budget v.编制预算
He budgeted for buying a house.
他为买房子编制预算。
He saves a lot of money by careful budgeting.
他通过精打细算节省了大笔钱。
8.rate 价格；费用；速度；效率
The room rates at the hotel range from $10 to $35 per day.
那家宾馆的房间价格从10美元到35美元不等。
What's the letter postage rate to foreign countries?
往国外寄信的费用是多少？
The train was going at a rapid rate.
那辆火车高速行驶。
They are walking at the rate of 4 kilometres an hour.
他们以每小时4公里的速度行进。
She can read at the rate of 100 words a minute.
她的阅读速度是每分钟100词。
The birth rate is under control in this country.
这个国家的出生率已得到控制。
The divorce rate is very high in the United States.
美国的离婚率很高。
at any rate无论如何，不管怎样；至少
At any rate I will come.无论如何我都会来。
She didn't work very hard,but at any rate,she passed the test.
她不很用功，但至少她通过了考试。
at this/that rate如果是这样的话，如果这样继续下去的话
At this rate we won't be able to buy a house.
照这情形来看，我们可能买不起房子。
9.sight n.情景，景象[C]；目光，视力，视野[U]
The sunset is a beautiful sight.
落日是很美的景象。
What a sad sight!多么悲惨的景象啊!
She has good/poor sight.她视力好(差)。
Keep out of my sight.不要让我看到你。
I watched him until he disappeared from sight in the distance.
我望着他直到他消失在远方。
a/the sight of看到，见到
The crowd waited for a sight of the Queen passing by.
人群等着看王后从这里经过。
The sight of a snake frightened her.
看到蛇把她吓坏了。
10.accommodation n.住处，膳宿(通常用复数形式)；方便，便利(不可数)
Please phone the hotel for accommodations.
请打电话给旅馆订房间。
This hotel has accommodations for 2 000 guests.
这家旅馆有容纳2000名客人的设备。
Can we find accommodations at a hotel for tonight?
我们今晚能找到旅馆住宿吗？
It would be an accommodation to me if you could come.
你若能来，对我而言真是好极了。
§2.2发散思维
1.disappointed adj.失望的，感到失望的
They were disappointed about/with/at/in the results.
他们对结果感到失望。
She was disappointed at not being invited to the wedding.
她由于未获邀请参加婚礼而感到失望。
She was disappointed of her purpose.
她因没有达到目的而感到失望。
I was disappointed that she was not able to come.
她不能来，令我很是失望。
disappointing adj.令人失望的；扫兴的
What disappointing news it is!
多么令人失望的消息!
It was disappointing not to be able to see her.
不能见到她真令人失望。
disappoint vt.使失望，使沮丧
The result disappointed me.
结果使我失望。
Her lack of success disappointed Mary.
她未能成功使玛丽很失望。
disappoint vt.使(计划、希望等)落空，受挫，辜负
The accident disappointed our plans.
这次意外事件使我们的计划落空。
disappoint a person's expectation辜负某人的期望
2.guarantee vt.保证……免受损失或伤害；确保
guarantee sth.保证……
They guarantee this clock for a year.
他们对这个钟表保修一年。
I guarantee the success of the show.
我保证这场表演会成功。
guarantee sb.sth./guarantee sth.to sb.保证某人……
Buying a train ticket doesn't guarantee you a seat.
买到火车票并不保证你有座位。
They guaranteed their workers regular employment.
他们保证长期雇用他们的工人。
guarantee to do sth.保证做某事
I guarantee to pay off his debt.
我保证付清他的债务。
I guarantee to be here tomorrow.
我保证明天来这里。
guarantee sth.(to be)…保证……是……
The art dealer guaranteed the picture (to be) genuine.
那个工艺品商保证这幅画是真品。
guarantee that…保证……
I guarantee that you will be satisfied with the result.
我保证你会对结果感到满意。
Who can guarantee that he will keep his word?
谁能担保他说话算数？
知识记忆
§2.1知识网络
1.arrival n.到达者；到达物；到达
He was the last arrival.
他是最后一个到达的
There were several new arrivals in the school.
学校新来了几个学生。
We are waiting for Tom's arrival.
我们在等候汤姆的到来。
The arrival of the train was delayed by the storm.
火车因暴风雨而晚点了。
Our time of arrival in Tokyo is four o'clock.
我们到达东京的时间是4点。
on/upon one's arrival某人一到达就……
They gave him a warm welcome on his arrival.
他一到达，就受到他们的热烈欢迎。
She sent her mother a telegram upon her arrival in Paris.
她一到巴黎就给她妈妈发了一封电报。
On his arrival at the airport,he called a taxi.
他一到机场便叫了一辆出租车。
2.sacrifice n.牺牲
Parents often make sacrifices for their children.
父母常为子女作种种牺牲。
I would never dream of asking you to make such a sacrifice.
我从没想让你作出这样的牺牲。
He achieved his success at great sacrifice.
他作了很大的牺牲才获得成功。
at the sacrifice of以牺牲……为代价
sell sth.at a sacrifice贱卖，亏本出售
sacrifice vt.牺牲；奉献；把……作祭品
She sacrificed her life to save her child from the fire.
她为了从火中救出孩子而牺牲了自己的生命。
I won餿 sacrifice my health in pursuit of wealth.
我不会为追求财富而牺牲自己的健康。
He sacrifices health for/to pleasure.
他为了玩乐而牺牲健康。
They sacrificed a lamb to God.
他们以羔羊作祭品供奉上帝。
3.former adj.以前的；(两者中的)前者(要与the连用)
He is one of my former classmates.
他是我以前的一位同学。
Clinton is the former president of the United States.
克林顿是美国前总统。
I prefer the former design to the latter.
我比较喜欢前者的设计方案，不喜欢后者。
Joan and Jane are sisters.The former is a pianist;the latter is a singer.
琼和简是姐妹，前者是钢琴家，后者是歌手。
Of pigs and cows,the former is less valuable.
猪和牛比较，前者较不值钱。
4.recover vt.恢复原状；恢复；(使身体)复原
He is beginning to recover his strength.
他开始恢复体力。
I don't think he will recover.
我认为他不会恢复健康。
recover from…从……中恢复过来
He is recovering from a severe illness.
他正从重病中复元。
We haven't yet recovered from the shock.
我们还没有从那次打击中恢复过来。
The country has not yet recovered from the effects of the war.
那个国家尚未从战争的影响中复原。
recover oneself恢复健康，痊愈；清醒过来；镇定下来；重新站稳
I got a bad cold but I recovered myself a week later.
我得了重感冒，但一周后就痊愈了。
She soon recovered herself and stopped crying.
她很快镇定下来，停止了哭泣。
I almost fell but managed to recover myself.
我几乎跌倒，但还是设法站稳了。
5.shoot vt.射死；射中；发射
He shot a deer in the forest.
他在森林里射杀了一只鹿。
He was shot in the arm.他被击中手臂。
He shot himself,which made us shocked.
他开枪自杀了，使我们非常震惊。
The police shot the terrorist dead.
警察击毙了那个恐怖分子
shoot at…向……开枪，向……射击
The captain ordered his men to shoot at the enemies.
上尉命令他的士兵向敌人开火。
He shot at a wild duck,but missed it.
他朝着一只野鸭射击，但没射中。
比较：He shot a bird and killed it.
他射杀了一只鸟。
6.vain adj.徒劳的；徒然的
But his efforts were vain.
但是他的努力是徒劳的。
It is vain to resist.反抗是没用的。
She made a vain attempt to stop him.
她试图阻止他，但是徒然。
in vain徒劳；白辛苦
He tried in vain to memorize the poem.
他怎么背都没办法把那首诗背出来。
He tried to save his son from drowning,but in vain.
他试图救他儿子免于溺死，但是徒然。
All their attempts were in vain.
他们所有的尝试都是徒劳。
7.overcome vt.战胜；克服
We overcame the enemy and marched on.
我们战胜了敌人，继续前进。
He overcame his fear of the dark.
他克服了对黑暗的恐惧。
He succeeded in his efforts to overcome his fatal weakness.
他努力克服了自己的致命弱点。
She overcame her bad habits.
她克服了自己的坏习惯。
be overcome by/with…不堪忍受……，极为……
He was overcome by the heat.
他热得受不了。
She was overcome by fear.她吓得要命。
The child was overcome by weariness and slept.
那孩子疲倦之极，睡着了。
8.gather v.聚集，聚拢；收集，积累
Thousands of people gathered for the rock concert.
数千人聚集在一起听摇滚音乐会。
Worker ants gather food and repair the nest.
工蚁收集食物及修理巢穴。
He gathered up his papers and left.
他把文件收拾起来就离开了。
He gathered his students around him.
他把学生聚集在他周围。
He likes to gather wealth.
他喜欢积累财富。
9.clothing n.(总称)衣服，服装(不可数名词)
a piece of clothing或an article of clothing一件衣服
There is nothing but clothing in this cupboard.
橱子里只有衣服。
We have plenty of food and clothing.
我们有充足的食物和衣物。
The government provides its people with food,clothing and shelters.
政府为人民提供食品、衣物和住所。
Food here is cheaper than in Britain;clothing,on the other hand,is dearer.
这里的食物比英国便宜，但衣物较贵。
In those days they were not able to afford woolen clothing.
那时候，他们买不起毛衣。
10.willing adj.乐意的，自愿的
I'm quite willing to help you.
我很乐意帮助你。
He was still willing to marry her.
他仍然愿意娶她。
Are you willing that he should join our group?
你愿意他加入我们的团体吗？
Are you willing that he should be admitted into our club?
你愿意他加入我们的俱乐部吗？
§2.2发散思维
1.insist v.坚持，坚决要求
insist on/upon sth.
He insisted on his correctness.
他坚称他是对的。
I insist on quietness in my room.
我要求在我的房间里要安静。
He insisted on the obedience of each man.
他坚决要求人人服从他。
insist on (one's) doing sth.
He insisted on writing her a letter at once.
他一定要马上给她写一封信。
She insisted upon lending them her car.
她坚持把她的车借给他们。
I insisted on being given another chance.
我坚决要求再给我一次机会。
I must insist on your giving me an immediate answer.
我坚持你立即给我答复。
insist后可接that从句，从句中的谓语动词用"(should)+动词原形."形式。
We insisted that she (should) come to the party.
我们坚持她一定要来参加聚会。
He insisted that the work be finished by the end of this month.
他要求这个月底完成工作。
She insisted that her mother send her to a dancing school.
她要求她妈妈送她到舞蹈学校学习。
insist有时可用作不及物动词。
-Let me pay.我来付钱吧。
-All right,if you insist.那好吧，如果你坚持的话。
I'll go with you if you insist.
如果你坚持的话，我就跟你一块去。
insist vt.坚持认为，硬说
此时后接that从句，但从句中的谓语动词不能用虚拟语气。
He insists that the answer is right.
他坚持认为答案是正确的。
She insisted that she needed no help.
她坚持说她不需要帮助。
2.supply vt.提供，供应
supply sth.to/for sb.或supply sb.with sth."给某人提供某物"
In Britain milk is supplied to each house in bottles.
在英国牛奶是以瓶装的形式送到各家的。
The school supplies books to the students.
→The school supplies the students with books.
学校为学生提供书籍。
Miss Wang is well supplied with money.
王小姐很有钱。
supply n.供应，供给；供应品，生活用品
The water supply in this town is good.
这个城镇的水供应很好。
They sent some medicine supplies for the old.
他们为老年人提供了一些药品。
England largely depends on other countries for her food supplies.
英国主要依靠别的国家来供给食物。
a supply of或supplies of "大量的"
Bring a large supply of food with you.
请你带上大量的食物。
The cupboard has a good supply of books.
这个橱子里有很多书。
The bear has stored supplies of fat in its body.
熊在身体里储存着大量的脂肪。
Unit17
§2.1词句贯通
1. ability n.能力；才能；才智
I doubt his ability to do the job.
我认为他没有做这项工作的能力。
She has the ability to speak English fluently.
她能流利地说英语。
Alice is a woman of great ability.
艾丽丝是个很有才能的妇女。
Writing a novel is beyond my abilities.
写长篇小说非我才能所及。
2. guidance n.指引；引导
I need guidance on this matter.
这件事我需要有人指导。
I need some guidance with my studies.
我需要有人指导我的学习。
Under his guidance I managed to solve the problem.
在他的指导下，我设法解决了那个问题。
I learned how to ski under his guidance.
我在他的指导下学习滑雪。
3. sympathy n.同情；同感；赞同
If this is true I can only give you all my sympathy.
如果这是真的，我只能向你表示同情。
When her husband died,she received manyletters of sympathy.
她丈夫去世后，她收到了很多慰问信。
have/feel sympathy for/with sb.同情某人
They don’t feel much sympathy for me.
他们不大同情我。
He has no sympathy with them in their suffering.
他不同情他们的苦难。
in/with sympathy同情地
He patted me on the shoulder in sympathy.
他同情地拍了拍我的肩膀。
She looked at the poor kids with sympathy.
她同情地看着那些可怜的孩子。
be in sympathy with赞同，同……一致
On that point I’m in sympathy with him.
在这一点上我同他一致。
They are in sympathy with your views.
他们赞同你的观点。
4. encouragement n.鼓励；促进；赞助
He received a lot of encouragement from his teacher.
他的老师给了他很多鼓励。
All she needs is some encouragement.
她所需要的就是一些鼓励的话。
With the encouragement from his father,he went abroad.
在他父亲的鼓励下，他去了国外。
He gave me great encouragement to writ enovels.
他给了我很大的鼓励去写小说。
Their interest in my writing is a great encouragement to me.
他们对我的文章感兴趣对我是很大的鼓励。
encourage vt.鼓励；激励
We encouraged our baseball team with loud cheers.
我们大声欢呼来鼓励我们的棒球队。
encourage sb.to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”
The teacher encouraged me to study abroad.
老师鼓励我们去国外学习。
My success encouraged me to continue.
我的成功鼓励我坚持下去。
encourage sb.in“鼓励/助长某人的……”
All the family encouraged the boy in his efforts to become a doctor.
全家人都鼓励这个孩子努力成为医生。
Don’t encourage him in his idle ways.
不可助长他懒惰成性。
5. impair vt.损害；损伤；削弱
Poor food impaired his health.
营养不足损害了他的健康。
The accident impaired his vision.
意外事故损伤了他的视力。
His work is impaired by stupid mistakes.
他的工作因愚蠢的错误而受损。
6.adjust vi.适应
adjust (oneself) to适应于
She soon adjusted (herself) to his way of life.
她很快适应了他的生活方式。
The body quickly adjusts itself to changes of temperature.
身体能很快自行调节以适应温度的变化。
You must adjust yourself to new circumstances.
你必须使自己适应新环境。
My eyes haven’t adjusted to the dark yet.
我的眼睛还没有适应黑暗。
adjust vt.调整；调节
You can adjust this desk to the height of any child.
这桌子可以调整以适应任何小孩的身高。
I have the brakes of my bicycle adjusted.
我请人调整自行车的车闸。
Will you adjust this clock? It’s slow.
这个时钟慢了，请你调一下好吗？
7. victory n.胜利，战胜
He has no chance of victory.
他没有获胜的机会。
Our team got the championship by 8 victories and 2 defeats.
我们球队以8胜2负的成绩获得冠军。
The game ended in a victory for our school.
比赛以我们学校获胜而结束。
注：victory常与介词over连用，意为“胜过某人”。
He thought he had scored a victory over James.
他认为他胜过了詹姆斯。
She won a narrow victory over her great rival in the tennis competition.
她在那次网球赛中险胜了她的强大对手。
He gained victory over the other candidates in the election.
他在那次选举中胜过其他候选人。
8. participate vi.参与；参加
Eighty-seven countries are expected to participate.
预计有87个国家参加。
participate in参与；参加
They actively participate in local politics.
他们积极参与当地政治。
Everyone can participate in this game.
人人都可以参加这个游戏。
Did you participate in that discussion?
你参加那次讨论了吗？
9. public adj.公众的；公共的
a public holiday节日，公共假日
a public phone公用电话
a public school公立学校
Don’t be so noisy;this is a public place.
请不要吵闹，这是公共场所。
make public公开；公布
The new economic policy will be made public early next week.
新经济政策将在下周初公布。
I don’t care to make this affair public.
我不介意将这事公之于众。
the public公众；群众；大众
Is the art museum open to the public?
这个艺术博物馆对公众开放吗？
In general,the public is/are against the new law.
总的来说，公众反对这项新法律。
in public公开地；在大众面前
He doesn’t like to speak in public.
他不喜欢在公开场合讲话。
She hardly loses her temper in public.
她很少在公众面前发脾气。
10. accessible adj.可以使用的；可以得到的；能进入的
The village is not accessible by car.
那个村子汽车无法抵达。
A telephone is put where it will be accessible.
电话要放在容易拿到的地方。
be accessible to sb.某人容易得到、了解、亲近
These documents are not accessible to the public.
这些文件是大众无法得到的。
This book is easily accessible to the young reader.
这本书是年轻读者容易懂的。
Our principal is accessible to the students.
我们校长容易和学生亲近。
§2.2发散思维
1. assist vt.援助；帮助
assist sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事
Two students assisted me with the experiment.
两个学生帮助我做这个实验。
She employed a woman to assist her with the housework.
她雇了一位妇女，帮她做家务。
assist sb.in doing sth.帮助某人做某事
He assisted my father in cleaning the car.
他帮我的父亲清洗汽车。
She asked us to assist her in carrying out the plan.
她请我们帮她实施那项计划。
assist sb.to do sth.帮助某人做某事
He assisted us to establish a new company.
他帮助我们成立了一家新公司。
A good dictionary will assist you to understand English.
好词典会帮助你理解英文。
assist in (doing) sth.帮助做某事
My father assisted in building our new house.
我父亲帮助我们盖新房子。
He thought he had a duty to assist in this movement.
他认为他有责任帮助这次活动。
2. sense n.感觉，意识；明智；常识；神智；意义
The five senses are sight,hearing,smell,taste,and touch.
五种感官是视觉、听觉、嗅觉、味觉和触觉。
She has a poor sense of direction.
她的方向感很差。
His speech left me with the sense that we would never be friends.
听他说话让我感到我和他绝对无法作朋友。
The old man has a good sense of humour.
那老人很幽默。
I have no sense of business.
我没有经商意识。
He is a man of good sense.
他是个通情达理的人。
She lost her senses when she heard the news.
她听到那消息后便昏了过去。
there is no sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义
I don’t think there is much sense in hanging about here.
我认为在此闲逛是没意义的。
There was no sense in making a child suffer like that.
让一个孩子受那样的罪是没有道理的。
make sense讲得通，有意义，能被理解；有道理，明智
No matter how you read it,this sentence doesn’t make (any) sense.
不管你怎么读，这个句子都讲不通。
It makes good sense to take care of your health.
照料好你的身体是很明智的。
Does it make sense to let little children play with matches?
让小孩子玩火柴明智吗？
Unit18
§2.1词句贯通
1.be tired of对……感到厌倦；对……不感兴趣
You’ll soon be tired of the game.
很快你就会对这种游戏感到厌倦的。
I am tired of the same old breakfast every morning.
我厌烦每天早上吃同样的饭。
She is never tired of talking about her clever son.
谈起她聪明的儿子，她不厌其烦。
2. reject vt.排斥；丢掉；抛弃
He rejected my offer of help.
他拒绝了我的援助提议。
I proposed to her but she rejected me.
我向她求婚，但被她拒绝了。
He tried to join the army but was rejected.
他试图参军，但没有被接受。
She rejected my suggestions.
她拒绝了我的建议。
She rejected the green apples.
她扔掉了那些不熟的苹果。
3. break away from摆脱；脱离
The thief broke away from the policeman and ran away.
那个贼挣脱警察逃走了。
He broke away from all his old friends.
他与所有的老朋友断绝了关系。
It is difficult to break away from a habit.
改掉习惯是很困难的。
It was not right for the South to break away from the Union.
南方脱离联邦是不对的。
4. possibility n.可能性；可能；可能的事
the possibility of success成功的可能性
the possibility of rain下雨的可能性
Is there any possibility of having a sunny weekend?
周末有可能会阳光明媚吗？
There is a possibility of his coming for Christmas.
他可能会来过圣诞节。
Is there any possibility that he will be elected chairman?
他有当选主席的可能吗？
There is quite a possibility that war may break out.
很有可能会爆发战争。
His retirement is a possibility.
他有可能退休。
5. attempt vt.尝试；企图
The prisoner attempted an escape but failed.
那个犯人企图逃走，但失败了。
They attempted a surprise attack.
他们企图偷袭。
They attempted to climb Mt. Everest.
他们试图攀登额菲尔士峰。
He attempted breaking the world record.
他试图打破世界记录。
attempt n.尝试，企图；企图杀害
He made an attempt to learn to ski.
他尝试着学滑雪。
He failed in his attempt to win first prize.
他试图获得头奖，但却失败了。
They made an attempt on the life of the president.
他们企图刺杀总统。
attempted adj.未遂的，意图的
an attempted murder/suicide
杀人未遂/自杀未遂
6. connection n.联系；因果关系；联结
There is no connection between the two incidents.
那两个事件之间没有关联。
Doctors say there is a connection between smoking and lung cancer.
医生们说抽烟与肺癌有关系。
He has connections with many important people.
他与很多重要人物有来往。
in connection with与……相关联，关于
She said nothing in connection with her marriage.
她绝口不谈与她的婚姻有关的事。
connect vt.连接，把……联系起来；接通（电源、电话等）
The road connects London and Edinburgh.
这条道路连接伦敦与爱丁堡。
Their families are now connected by marriage.
他们两家有联姻关系。
The operator will connect you with our sales department.
接线员会与你接通我们的销售部。
be connected with与……有联系，和……有关系
He is no longer connected with the Kane Company.
他已与凯恩公司没有关系了。
7. aware adj.察觉到的，感觉到的，知悉的。一般用作表语，后接of短语或从句。
He wasn’t aware of the danger.
他没有察觉到危险。
Smokers are well/quite aware of the dangers to their own health.
吸烟者很清楚吸烟会对他们自身的健康造成种种危害。
She became aware of footsteps hurrying after her.
她觉察到身后有匆忙的脚步声。
Are you aware that you have hurt her feelings?
你有没有察觉到你已经伤害她的感情了？
I became aware how she might feel.
我察觉到她会有怎样的感受。
He was aware that he had drunk too much.
他晓得他喝了太多的酒。
Are you aware how much this means to me?
你晓得这对我有多大意义吗？
8. respect vt.尊敬，尊重
Children ought to respect their elders.
小孩应该尊敬长辈。
Ihope you will respect her wishes.
我希望你能尊重她的愿望。
respect n.尊敬，尊重
I have (a) deep/great respect for him.
我对他非常尊敬。
He showed no respect for their rights.
他不尊重他们的权利。
respected adj.受人尊敬的
The teacher is greatly respected in this school.
这位老师在这个学校很受人尊敬。
9. application n.用途；应用；申请；申请书
The application of what you know will help you solve new problems.
应用你的知识可帮你解决新问题。
That rule has no application to this particular case.
那项条款不适用于这一特殊案例。
The invention has no practical application.
那项发明没有实际的用途。
The manager received twenty applications for the post.
该经理收到对这个岗位的20份申请。
They rejected his application of the membership.
他们拒绝了他成为会员的请求。
You should make an application to the embassy for a visa.
你应向大使馆申请签证。
§2.2发散思维
1. allow v.允许，容许
allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事
The nurse allowed him to stay in hospital for another two days.
那个护士准许他在医院再住两天。
allow doing sth.允许做某事
We don’t allow making noise here,so you must keep quiet.
我们不允许在这儿弄出噪音，请你保持安静。
allow vt.给予(时间、金钱)；同意给予。后常接双宾语。
He allows his wife $200 a month for clothes.
他每个月给妻子200美元买新衣服。
Allow me one minute in which to change my clothes.
请给我一分钟的时间让我换换衣服。
Please allow yourself an hour to get to the airport.
请给自己留出一小时的时间好赶往飞机场。
allow for顾及，考虑到
This journey usually takes 3 weeks,but you should allow for delays caused by bad weather.
这趟旅行通常需时三周，但是你应考虑到恶劣天气所造成的延误。
We must allow for the train being late-it always is.
我们必须考虑到火车会晚点，它一向如此。
You can’t make it in an hour;you must allow for the heavy traffic.
一个小时你是到达不了的，你要考虑到交通是很拥挤的。
2. otherwise adv.要不然，否则；另外，别样；在其他方面
He reminded me of what I should have otherwise forgotten.
他提醒了我，要不然我就忘了。
He thinks otherwise.
他是另外一种想法。
He thinks otherwise he’s a good worker.
从另一方面来说他是个好工人。
otherwise conj.(并列连词，同or else)否则，不然(常与虚拟语气连用)
You should go now,otherwise you’ll miss the bus.
你应该现在走，不然你就赶不上公交车。
Do come earlier next time,otherwise you’ll be punished.
下次一定早点来，否则就惩罚你。
He is old and sick,otherwise he would be working.
他年老有病，不然他会上班的。
otherwise adj.另外的，别样的；其他方面的
Some are wise,some are otherwise.
有些人贤明，有些人则不然。
His students in English are also his otherwise teachers.
这些人在英语方面是他的学生，可是在其他方面却是他的老师。
Unit19
§2.1 词句贯通
1.pay back偿还；报答；报复
Can you lend me some money? I’ll pay you back tomorrow.
你能借给我一些钱吗？我明天就还你。
He paid me back the 100 dollars he owed me.
他把欠我的100美元还给我了。
He paid the money back soon after he got a well-paid job.
他找到高薪工作后，很快就把钱还给了我。
Susan doesn’t know how to pay him back for his help.
苏珊得到他的帮助，不知如何报答。
He paid me back by not coming.
他没来，以示对我的报复。
2.mercy n.仁慈，怜悯，宽恕；侥幸，幸运
The general showed no mercy,and his prisoners were all killed.
那位将军没有仁慈，他所有的犯人都被处死了。
It’s a mercy that the accident happened so close to the hospital.
很侥幸，这次事故发生在离医院不远处。
have mercy on/upon sb.;show mercy to sb.
宽恕、怜悯某人
They have no mercy on the poor father and daughter.
他们不怜悯这对可怜的父女。
Have mercy on me,please.
请宽恕我吧。
beg for mercy 乞求/请求宽恕
He went down on his knees and begged for mercy.
他跪下来，乞求宽恕。
at the mercy of “任由……摆布，在……掌握中”
I shouldn’t like to be at the mercy of such a cruel man.
我不想任由这个残忍的家伙摆布。
They were lost at sea,at the mercy of the winds and waves.
他们在海上迷失了方向，任由风浪摆布。
We were at the mercy of the enemy.
我们的命运在敌人的掌握中。
3.envy vt.羡慕，妒忌
What a grand thing it is to be a musician! How I envy you.
当一名音乐家有多伟大啊!我真羡慕你。
envy后常接双宾语，构成envy sb. sth.“忌妒某人的……，羡慕某人的……”。
I envy you your health.
我羡慕你的健康。
I envied him his experience.
我羡慕他的丰富经验。
I don’t envy you your journey in this bad weather.
我不羡慕你的旅行，天气这么不好。
How I envy you your talent!
我真是羡慕你的才能哟!
4.tear up撕毁；取消
John tore up his test paper so that his father wouldn’t see his low grade.
约翰撕毁了他的试卷，生怕他爸爸看到他得了那么低的分数。
She tore up the letter angrily and threw it into the dustbin.
她气愤地撕毁了那封信，把它扔进了垃圾箱。
They tore up the agreement without any reason.
他们无缘无故地取消了那份协议。
5.swear v.发誓；宣誓；断言；保证
They swore eternal friendship.
他们发誓友情不渝。
He swore never to drink.
他发誓绝不再喝酒。
He swore to tell us the truth.
他发誓给我们说实话。
He swore to be faithful to us.
他发誓效忠我们。
He swore his story was true.
他发誓他所讲的是真实的。
I swear that you are wrong.
我断言你错了。
swear to having done sth.
发誓说做过某事，坚持说做过某事
He swore to having been there then.
他发誓说当时他在那里。
I swore to having paid for the goods.
我发誓说已付了货款。
6.declare vt.宣布；声明
The new government declared a state of war with Germany.
新政府宣布与德国处于战争状态。
Jones was declared the winner of the match.
琼斯被宣布是这场比赛的胜者。
India declared her independence in 1947.
1947年印度宣布独立。
She declared that she didn’t want to see him again.
她声明她再也不想见他。
The Chinese government declared that Taiwan is part of China.
中国政府声明，台湾是中国的一部分。
declare sb./sth.(to be)…“宣布成为……；声明是……
He declared himself to be a member of their Party.
他宣布加入他们的党派。
His actions declared him to be an honest man.
他的行为表明他是个诚实的人。
7.court n.法庭，法院；开庭；球场
The court found him guilty.
法庭发现他有罪。
The prisoner was brought to court for trial.
那个犯人被带上法庭接受审判。
The case was settled out of court.
该案件在庭外解决了。
Several cases await trial at the next court.
下次开庭有几个案件等着审判。
He met her at the tennis court.
他在网球场见到了她。
Are all the players on court yet?
所有球员都到场地了吗？
take sb.to court 对某人起诉，控告
She decided to take him to court.
她决定控告他。
注：court很多情况下不加冠词。
8.murder vt.谋杀；杀害
He murdered the old woman for her money.
他杀害了那位老妇人以获取她的钱财。
He murdered his rival in cold blood.
他残忍地杀害了他的对手。
Gandhi was murdered by an Indian who opposed his views.
甘地被一位反对他的主张的印度人所杀害。
murder n.谋杀；凶杀；凶杀案
a case of murder一起凶杀案
an attempted murder杀人未遂
commit murder犯杀人罪
She cried,“Murder!”她大喊：“杀人了!”
He was convicted of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment.
他承认杀人，被判终身监禁。
There were three murders in one month.
一个月之内发生了三起凶杀案。
The number of murders is rising in San Francisco.
在旧金山，凶杀案的数量在不断增加。
9.immediately adv.立刻；马上
He came home immediately after work.
他一下班就马上回家。
I wrote back to her immediately.
我立刻给她写了回信。
immediately conj.一……就……
Immediately he came home,I told him about that.
他一回家，我就告诉他那件事了。
She recognized me immediately she saw me.
她一看到我就认出了我。
I left immediately the clock struck twelve.
12点的钟声一响我就离开了。
10.conflict n.冲突；战斗
Nations must not settle their differences by armed conflicts.
各国不应通过武装冲突解决国家之间的分歧。
There is no conflict between church and state in Britain now.
在英国教堂与政府之间已不存在矛盾。
You should avoid conflict with your neighbors.
你应避免与邻居争执。
come into conflict with与……冲突；与……有矛盾
The two sides came into conflict last week,causing 5 people dead and many injured.
双方上周发生了冲突，造成5人死亡，多人受伤。
The husband often comes into conflict with his wife.
这位丈夫经常与妻子发生矛盾。
in conflict with与……冲突；与……有矛盾
My interests are in conflict with theirs.
我的利益与他们的冲突。
His words are in conflict with his actions.
他的言行不一致。
§2.2 发散思维
1.as far as
①到某一指定地点；远达
He walked as far as the post office.
他一直步行到邮局。
I’ll see you off as far as the airport.
我将一直送你到飞机场。
②同样的距离
We didn’t go as far as others.
我们没有别人走的那样远。
③(程度，范围)就……而言；至于，尽……
As far as I know,he isn’t coming to the party.
就我所知，他不会来参加这次聚会。
I’ll help you as far as I can.
我将尽我所能帮助你。
This is as far as we go.
我们到达终点了。
as/so far as…be concerned就……而言
As far as I am concerned,I cannot object to your marriage.
就我个人而言，我不反对你们的婚事。
As far as he is concerned,he can’t afford such an expensive car.
就他而言，他买不起这么贵的汽车。
2.order vt.命令；下令
order后可接名词作宾语。
The chairman ordered silence.
主席要求大家安静。
order sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事
The policeman ordered the drunken man leave the shop.
警察命令那个醉汉离开商店。
The doctor ordered me to take a rest for a week.
医生指示我要我休息一周。
She ordered the baggage to be brought to her room.
她吩咐把行李搬进她的房间。
order后可接that从句，从句中的谓语动词用“should+v.”形式，should可省略。
The king ordered that the man be released.
国王下令释放那个人。
The officer ordered that the guns be fired.
军官下令开炮。
order有时可与某些副词或介词短语连用。
He ordered me away.他命令我走开。
The father ordered his son out of the house.
父亲要儿子离开家。
Unit20
§2.1词句贯通
1.curiosity n.好奇；好奇心
She’s full of curiosity.
她充满好奇。
I have very little curiosity about her private life.我对她的私生活极少好奇。
He did it from curiosity.他因好奇做了那件事。
Looking up,I saw his eyes fixed on me in curiosity.
抬头一看，我看到他在好奇地看着我。
She has a burning curiosity to know the secret.
她很想知道那个秘密。
There are some who show great curiosity about other people’s affairs.
有些人就是特别喜欢打听别人的事。
The boy was dying of a curiosity to know what was in the box.
那少年极渴望知道那箱子里到底装了什么东西。
2.decoration n.装饰；装潢
The vase is just for decoration.
那个花瓶只是为了装饰。
The decoration of the bedroom was done by my wife.
卧室的装饰是我太太做的。
We put Christmas decorations on the tree.
我们将圣诞节装饰品挂在树上。
decorate vt.装饰；修饰
She decorated her room with flowers.
她用鲜花装饰她的房间。
All the walls of his room are decorated with pictures of rock singers.
他房间的每面墙壁上都挂着摇滚歌手的照片作为装饰。
How much will it cost to decorate the house?
装修这间房子要花多少钱？
3.date back to追溯到；上溯到
This building dates back to 1823.
这栋建筑是1823年所建。
This custom dates back to the 16th century.
这风俗起源于16世纪。
This town dates back to Roman times.
这个城镇可追溯到罗马时代。
4.in terms of就……而言；从……角度；根据；按照
A 200-year-old building is very old in terms of American history.
从美国历史来看，200年的建筑是很古老的了。
In terms of natural resources it is one of the poorest countries in Western Europe.
就自然资源来说，它是西欧最贫乏的国家之一。
In terms of money we’re quite rich,but not in terms of happiness.
从金钱的角度来说，我们是很富有，但从幸福的角度来说，我们不富有。
5.technical adj.技术的；工艺的；专业的
He has had good technical training.
他受过良好的技术培训。
The violinist has technical skill but not much feeling.
这位小提琴手技巧不错，但缺乏感情。
At a technical college students learn such subjects as engineering,building,etc.
在技校，学生学习诸如工程、建筑等课程。
This process needs a high level of technical skill.
这一过程需要很高的技术水平。
This is a technical magazine.
这是一本专业杂志。
The book is too technical for the general reader.
这本书太专业，不适合一般读者。
6.root n.根源；来源；根
The love of money is the root of all evil.
爱钱乃万恶之源。
The root of the problem is that we didn’t have much training.
问题的根源是我们当时的训练不够。
His absence is the root of the trouble.他没来，这是麻烦的根源。
The root of a plant grows deep into the soil.植物的根扎在土壤的深处。
Trees often have deep roots.树通常有很长的根。
have root(s) in…起源于……
His unhappiness has its root in his boyhood.
他的不幸起源于他的少年时代。
7.climate n.气候；(具有某种气候的)地区
The climate of Italy is milder than that of Britain.
意大利的气候比英国的温和。
We have a tropical climate here.
我们这里是热带性气候。
He couldn’t stand that terrible English climate.
他忍受不了英国那种糟糕的天气。
I like to live in a warm climate.
我喜欢住在温暖的地区。
The doctor suggested that she go to a drier climate.
医生建议她去一个气候较干燥的地区。
注：climate指某一地区长期的气象状态；特定日子的天气情况用weather。
8.dig up挖出；掘起
Father dug up an old coin in the garden.
爸爸在花园里掘到一枚古币。
Harry was digging up potatoes while George was picking plums.
哈里在挖土豆，而乔治在摘李子。
They dug the tree up by the roots.
他们把那棵树连根挖起。
9.accompany vt.陪伴；陪同；伴着；附带；伴奏
She often accompanies her friend to the concert.
她经常陪同朋友去听音乐会。
He was accompanied by his girlfriend.
他有女友陪着。
I’ll accompany you as far as the station.
我将陪你到车站。
She asked me to accompany her to the airport.
她要求我陪她到机场去。
Strong winds accompanied the rain.
强风伴着雨来。
Thunder accompanies lightning.
雷随闪电而来。
Tom accompanied his speech with gestures.
汤姆在演讲时做手势。
The singer was accompanied on the piano by her husband.
那名歌手由她的丈夫以钢琴伴奏。
§2.2 发散思维
1.find n.发现；发现物
find作名词，一般指财宝、矿藏等的发现，也可指通过发掘而得来的或偶然获得的贵重物品，通常作可数名词。
This old painting is quite a find.
这张旧画是一个重大的发现。
He knew he had made a find.
他知道他发现了宝物。
I had a great find in a second-hand bookshop yesterday.
昨天我在二手书店发现了一本很有价值的书。
She made a find in that antique shop.她在那家古玩店发现了一个宝物。
That old table was a real find.那张旧桌子真是一件宝物。
The cave paintings are the finds of the century.这些洞穴绘画是世纪之发现。
2.spare adj.业余的；闲暇的；备用的
a spare tyre备用轮胎
a spare room备用房间
What do you usually do in your spare time?
业余时间你都做些什么？
spare v.①留出，挤出，腾出，匀出
Can you spare me five minutes? I want your advice.
你能抽出五分钟时间吗？我想听听你的建议。
Father couldn’t spare the car,so John had to walk.
父亲腾不出车来，所以约翰只好步行。
Can you spare an extra ticket for me?
你能匀出一张票给我吗？
②省去，不用
Use the telephone and spare yourself a visit.
打个电话吧，省得再跑一趟。
I want to spare him the trouble of seeing me off at the airport.
我不想让他到机场给我送行。
③（用于否定句）吝惜，舍不得
spare no effort/no trouble不遗余力，努力
He didn’t spare any effort on his studies.
他很努力地学习。
No trouble was spared to make sure the guests enjoyed themselves.
（我们）已竭尽全力来保证客人们玩得开心。
④使免受（痛苦），不伤害，饶（命）
The doctor tried to spare him from pain.
医生尽量不让他受痛苦。
Take my money but spare my life!
把钱拿去，饶我一命吧!
to spare剩余的；常用作后置定语。
I caught the train with only a few minutes to spare.
我赶上火车时，就只剩下几分钟了。
We have just enough money to buy it,with 11 pence to spare.
我们刚好有足够的钱买下它，还剩11个便士。