知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 inspire admire *generous cheerful mean *tense *dull dishonest *champion mile stormy *threaten bottom *optimistic workday somehow *shelter regret *extreme extremely climate value pianist bother fame promise *kindergarten hardship bear *scholarship graduation fisherman great-grandfather northeastern central coast surround *mild *bay *harbour *volcano spring heat surface rat settle settler mainly voyage possession bold paragraph grassland mountainous surprising secretary percent wedding conference relation agricultural cattle *export lamb ship sail cottage seaside camp
词组 around the corner die down * come to terms with make up take possession of turn to go sailing go camping blow away be in good health struggle to one’s knees take up be made up of lead to so far in relation to sign an agreement with refer to be on the rise *apply for come true hand over deal with burst out come up get tired of fall asleep wake up try one’s luck
语法 主谓一致 it用法（形式主语）
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.admire
例句集锦
v.
（1）I was admiring his new car.
我羡慕他的新车。
Come and admire the view!
快来欣赏这风景！
（2）I admire him for his sincerity.=I admire his sincerity.
我钦佩他的诚实。
Visitors to Dalian usually admire their policewomen.
到大连的游客通常都钦佩他们的女警察。
（3）Remember to admire her new dress.
记住要赞美她的新衣。
Don’t forget to admire the baby.
不要忘了夸奖那婴儿。
用法归纳
*admire用作及物动词，主要义项有：赞赏；佩服；称赞等。其名词为admirer赞美者；admiration 感叹；钦佩；赞美
特别提示
注意比较admire和envy的区别。envy的侧重点在于强调“羡慕和嫉妒”。
2.mean
例句集锦
v.
（1）A dictionary tries to tell you what words mean.
词典向人们讲述词的意思。
What do you mean by saying that?
你说那话是什么意思？
The sign means that the road is blocked.
这个标志表示此路不通。
I hope you understand what I mean.
我希望你能理解我指的是什么意思。
She means what she says.她说话当真。
（2）That does not mean reading too slowly.
那并不意味着读得太慢。
Being a good reader means much more than just“listening with ears”.
一个好的读者远远超过仅仅用耳朵听。
（3）He means to succeed.
他想成功。
I’m sorry if I hurt your feelings-I didn’t mean to.
对不起，如果我伤了你的心的话，也不是故意的。
We sometimes hurt people’s feelings without meaning it.
我们有时会在无意中伤害别人的感情。
（4）I didn’t mean you to see and read the letter.
我原不打算让你看见并读到这封信。
I mean you to work as our spokesman.
我想请你做我们的发言人。
用法归纳
*mean用作动词，主要有以下义项：意思是；意味着；打算；想让某人做某事。
特别提示
mean to do表示“打算做某事”，mean doing表示“意味着……”的意思。
3.regret
例句集锦
vt.
（1）I regret being unable to come today.
=I regret that I can’t come today.
很遗憾我今天不能来。
He regretted having been careless.
=He regret that he had been careless.
他对于自己的粗心大意感到懊悔。
I regret having called him a thief,but I regret even more his stealing my watch!
我把他叫做贼感到遗憾，更感到遗憾的是他偷了我的手表！
（2）I regret to say that I can’t help you.
很抱歉我不能帮你的忙。
I regret to inform you that we are unable to offer you employment.
我遗憾地通知你我们不能雇用你。
n.
I felt regret about what I said to him.
我真后悔对他说了那些话。
Much to my regret,I must leave you now.
我很遗憾地告诉你，我现在要离开了。
We heard with regret that you were not successful in your plan.
听到你的计划不能顺利进行，我们觉得很可惜。
用法归纳
*regret可以用作动词和名词。主要有以下义项：对……惋惜，遗憾，抱歉，后悔，失望。
特别提示
后跟动词不定式作宾语，表示“对要做的某事感到遗憾”，这时的动词不定式一般用to say,to tell you,to inform you；后跟动名词作宾语，表示对已经做过的事感到后悔。后跟宾语从句时无此意思上的区别。
4.settle
例句集锦
v.
（1）Have you settled where to go?
你定下去哪儿了吗？
He has settled to buy a car.他决定买车。
Let’s settle the date of the next meeting.
我们来商定下次集会的日期。
（2）The problem has not been settled yet.
那个问题至今尚未解决。
They settled the quarrel out of court.
他们以庭外和解的方式解决了争端。
With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
有许多问题要解决，新当选的总统困难重重。
（3）They got married and settled in London.
他们结了婚并在伦敦定居。
They settled Indians in the reservations.
他们把印第安人安置在保留区。
（4）He drank up the coffee and settled the cup into the saucer.
他喝光了咖啡，把杯子放在托盘上。
（5）He settled back in the armchair.
他安稳地坐在躺椅上。
（6）The teacher tried to settle the students down.
老师尽力让学生安静下来。
His words settled my fears.
他的话平息了我的不安。
用法归纳
*settle可以用作及物动词和不及物动词，主要有以下义项：决定；解决；定居；放置；使安静；栖息。
特别提示
settle在表示“解决”的意思时，同义词为solve,work out和deal with。
5.inspire
例句集锦
v.
（1）We were inspired by his speech.
我们为他的演说所激励。
（2）His noble example inspired the rest of us to greater efforts.
他那高尚的榜样激发我们大家更加努力。
His friend’s words inspired him to try again.
他朋友的话使他振奋起来再试一次。
（3）The father inspired his son with confidence.
=The father inspired confidence in his son.
那位父亲激发了儿子的信心。
（4）The memory of his childhood inspired his first novel.
儿时的回忆促使他写成第一本小说。
The Lake District scenery inspired Wordsworth to write his greatest poetry.
英格兰湖区的美景给了华兹华斯创作他最伟大诗篇的灵感。
用法归纳
*inspire用作及物动词，主要义项有：鼓舞；激励；引发；赋予……灵感。主要用法有：inspire sb./inspire sb.to sth./inspire sb.to do sth./inspire sth.in sb./inspire sb.with sth.。形容词inspired 有灵感的；inspiring鼓舞人心的。
特别提示
inspire sb.to do sth.相当于encourage sb.to do sth.。
●重点短语
1.die down
例句集锦
On November 12th the storm died down.
11月12日，风暴平息了。
The fire is dying down.Please get more coal.
火要灭了，请再加点煤。
It took a long time for the excitement to die down.
过了好长时间兴奋才平息下来。
相关归纳
（1）die away逐渐消失、平息
The sound has died away.
声音渐渐地消失了。
（2）die from由于……而死，后常接灾祸、衰弱、负伤等外因。
He died from a chest wound.
他死于胸部受伤。
He died from weakness.
他死于衰弱。
（3）die of因（患）……而死，后常接年老、疾病、情感、贫寒等内因。
The baby died of a fever.
这个婴儿因发烧而死。
The old woman died of grief soon after her husband’s death.
这位老太太在她丈夫死去不久就死于悲伤。
（4）die out熄灭；绝种（迹）
The lights died out suddenly.
电灯突然间熄灭了。
Many old customs are gradually dying out.
许多老风俗渐渐消亡了。
（5）die off 先后死去；一一死去
The leaves of this plant are dying off.
这植物的叶子正在凋落中。
2.turn to
例句集锦
Some farmers have turned to keeping deer,and there are about 4 500 deer farms in the country.
某些农场主已经转业养鹿，全国的养鹿场已经达到4 500个左右。
He turned to me and said hello to me.
他转向我向我问好。
He turned to the study of medicine.
他转向学习医学。
Please turn to Page 5.
请翻到第五页。
If you are in trouble,please turn to me.
如果你有麻烦，请找我。
相关归纳
（1）turn on/off开/关（电器、煤气等）
Turn on the lights when you enter the room,and don’t forget to turn them off before you leave.
进入房间时请把灯打开，但要记住离开前关上。
（2）turn up开大；调高（音量、煤气等）；露面
He hasn’t turned up yet.
他到现在还没有露面。
Will you turn up the radio?
请把收音机的音量开大一些好吗？
（3）turn down 关小；调低（音量、煤气等）；拒绝
-Would you like me to turn down the radio a bit?
我把收音机音量调低一点好吗？
-No,it’s all right.I’m used to working with the radio on.
不用，这就很好。我已经习惯开着收音机工作了。
Our request for a pay rise was turned down again.
我们要求提高工资的请求再次被拒绝。
（4）turn out 关掉；熄灭；证明；生产
The day turned out fine.
结果天晴了。
It turned out that he had never been there.
后来证实他从来没有去过那儿。
The factory can turn out 1 000 cars a day.
这家工厂一天能生产1 000辆汽车。
（5） turn over 翻地；翻身；翻倒；仔细考虑
The farmers turned over the soil with a fork to destroy the weeds.
农民用耙子翻地除草。
He turned over in the bed and couldn’t fall asleep.
他在床上翻来覆去，睡不着觉。
The car turned over twice and then fell into the river.
那辆车翻了两次后掉进了河里。
He turned it over in his mind.
他在心中仔细考虑那件事。
（6）turn against背叛；反抗
For this many of his former friends turned against him.
鉴于此，他以前的许多朋友背叛了他。
特别提示
turn to短语中的to为介词，后面不能使用动词原形。相似的还有：devote...to...;pay attention to;refer to等。但是，He turned to go out.的意思为“他转身走了出去”。
3.fall asleep
例句集锦
I fell asleep（while）watching TV.
我在看电视时睡着了。
He soon got tired of thinking and fell asleep.
他很快就想累了，然后就睡着了。
相关归纳
（1）fall ill生病（终止性动词）
My mother fell ill.我母亲生病了。
（2）fall behind落在……后面
fall behind with拖欠
The illness caused him to fall behind the rest of the class.
那次生病使得他落在班上其他学生之后。
Make sure not to fall behind with your rent,please.
请不要拖欠租金。
（3）fall off从……掉落
The top button fell off the shirt.
衬衫最上面的纽扣掉落了。
He fell off his bicycle and hurt his leg.
他从自行车上摔下来，伤了腿。
（4）fall down 从……落下；（计划）失败
His plan has fallen down.他的计划失败了。
特别提示
比较：fall（drop）asleep“入睡”的同义词为go to sleep，都为终止性动词，不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，表示延续应使用be asleep。
4.burst out
例句集锦
They burst out laughing/crying.
他们突然大笑（哭）起来。
“I don’t believe it!”burst out the angry woman.
“我不相信！”这位生气的妇女突然说道。
相关归纳
（1）burst into突然闯入；突然开始；突然发生
He burst into the room.
他突然闯进房间。
She burst into laughter/tears.
她突然笑（哭）起来。
The hall burst into cheers when the singer appeared.
当歌手出场时，大厅里爆发出欢呼声。
The oil-stove upset and burst into flames.
油炉翻倒，立刻燃烧起来。
（2）burst in（on）打扰
It was very rude of you to burst in on Father while he was working.
父亲工作期间，你打扰他是不礼貌的。
Stop him bursting in.
别让他插嘴。
（3）burst on突然出现
The view burst on our sight.
那景象突然出现在我们面前。
特别提示
burst out后跟v.-ing形式；burst into后跟名词形式。
●必背句型
1.be doing sth.when sth.happened
教材原句
I was moving forward over a slope that seemed safe when suddenly without warning my world dropped out from under my skis.
我正在一个似乎安全的斜坡上往前走，突然间毫无预兆，滑雪板下的大地陷下去了。
I was walking along the road next to the river when I saw a little girl fall through the ice.
我正沿着河边的路走着，突然我看见一位小姑娘掉进冰里。
One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes.
一天恰克正乘飞机飞越太平洋，突然他的飞机失事了。
特别提示
该句型中的连词when不能换成as,while等其他连词。
补充例句
I was working in the garden when I suddenly felt a pain in my stomach.
我当时正在院子里干活，这时我突然感到肚子疼。
Frank was about to leave when he noticed a letter lying on the floor.
弗兰克刚要离开，这时他发现地板上有一封信。
We were doing our homework when the light went out.
我们正在做作业，突然灯灭了。
I had traveled only two hours one day when the winds increased.
一天我刚走了两小时，这时突然狂风大作。
2.find oneself+宾补
教材原句
I found myself spending a whole day in my tent.
我自己一整天都在帐篷里度过。
When he wakes up,he finds himself already in New Zealand.
当他醒来时，他发现自己已经到了新西兰。
They found themselves surrounded by colorful rocks,fishes,shells and plants.
他们发现自己被彩色的岩石、鱼、贝壳和植物所包围。
特别提示
该句型结构中的宾补可以有v.-ing、过去分词（表示被动）、介词短语、形容词、副词等。
补充例句
When he woke up,he found himself tied to a tall tree.
他醒来时发现自己被绑在一棵高树上。
He found himself lying in a hospital bed.
他发现自己躺在医院的床上。
I found myself（to be）in a dark forest.
我发现自己在一个黑暗的森林里。
He found himself alone with a strange woman.
他发现自己和一位陌生的妇女单独在一起。
3.It is said/reported/believed/thought that-clause句型结构
教材原句
It has often been said that life is difficult as it is.
人们常说现实生活已经够艰难的了。
It was said that only three people could understand it at the time.
据说当时只有三个人能够理解。
特别提示
It is said /thought/ believed/reported that-clause可以转换成sb.is said/ reported/ believed/ reported to do/ to be doing/ to have done...句型结构。
补充例句
（1）It is hoped that you will be able to attend the meeting.
（=You are hoped to attend the meeting.）
人们希望你能够参加这个会议。
It is said that he has written a new book about workers.
（=He is said to have written a book about workers.）
据说他写了一本关于工人的新书。
It is believed that our team will win the match.
人们相信我们队会赢得这场比赛的胜利。
It is reported that our country has sent another spaceship.
据报道我们国家又发射了一艘宇宙飞船。
It is thought that our football team will certainly win.
大家认为我们足球队当然会赢。
（2）He is said to have finished the work.
据说他已经完成了这项工作。
The conference is reported to be held on March 15.
据报道这个会议将在3月15日举行。
Dick is believed to be fit for the position.
人们相信迪克适合这一职务。
疑难突破
1.make up,be made up of,make up for
make up的意思比较多，常用的有“化妆、编造、组成、占……（比例）”。这时要注意，make up为主动形式，表示“部分组成一个整体”的意思。另外，take up也有“占……”的意思，但指的是“某样东西占据空间”。
be made up of... “由……组成”，这里为被动形式，表示“一个整体是由几个部分组成的”之意。
注意比较：consist of也有“……由……组成”的意思，但要使用主动形式。例如：
This club consists of more than 200 members.
这个俱乐部由200位以上的会员组成。
比较：This club is made up of more than 200 members.
make up for 弥补
应用
（1）She took over 30 minutes to ______ herself ______.
（2）Is she telling the truth,or ______ it all ______?
（3）We need one more player to ______ a team.
（4）They ______ about six percent of the total population.
（5）The committee ______ seven members.
（6）He drove faster to ______ lost time.
答案：（1）make;up （2）making;up （3）make up （4）make up （5）is made up of
（6）make up for
2.so far,as far as,so far as
so far“到目前为止”，常跟现在完成时连用。可置于句首、句中或句末。
as far as＝so far as“直到；同样远的距离”，as far as 既可用于肯定句，亦可用于否定句，而so far as 仅用于否定句。也可表示“就……而言，至于”，两者可互换。
应用
（1）______ we have learned English for six years.
（2）Your work has been good ______ this year.
（3）We didn’t go ______ the others.
（4）______ I know he will be away for three months.
（5）He will help you ______ he can.
答案：（1）So far （2）so far （3）as/so far as （4）So/As far as （5）as far as
3.deal with,do with,do without
do with为及物动词短语。用于特殊疑问句时一般用what引导。含有“处理；处置” “对待（不用被动语态）”“以……将就（不用被动语态）”“放置（常用过去时或完成时态，不用被动语态）”“忍受（与cannot连用，不用被动语态）”等意思。
do without的意思为“没有……也行；将就”“用不着”。
deal with为及物动词短语。用于特殊疑问句时一般用how引导。主要义项有：对付；处理；论及……（和do with同义，主要区别在于特殊疑问词）；相处；与……交易（不用于被动语态）。
应用
（1）Your clothes are worn out.What did you ______ them?
（2）He didn’t know what to ______ the property his father had left.
（3）The new teacher didn’t know what to ______ the class.
（4）Butter was so expensive that we had to ______ margarine（人造奶油）in those days.
（5）What have you ______ papers for the meeting?
（6）I cannot ______ the loud noise.
（7）We cannot ______ a telephone in our business.
（8）There wasn’t any coffee left,so we had to ______.
（9）He knows well how to ______ children.
（10） I think the problem should be ______ quickly.
（11）This book ______ ancient history of China.
答案：（1）do with （2）do with （3）do with （4）do with （5）done with （6）do with （7）do without （8）do without （9）deal with （10）dealt with （11）deals with
典例剖析
【例1】 （2004年上海，54）To keep healthy,Professor Johnson ______ cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retired.
A.took up B.caught on C.carried out D.made for
剖析：本题考查短语动词的辨析。此处用take up,表示“从事；开始做”的意思。本句话的意思是“为保持身体健康，约翰逊教授退休后把骑自行车作为一项固定的锻炼形式”。
答案：A
【例2】 （2004年北京,24）The Foreign Minister said,“______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”
A.This is B.There is C.That is D.It is
剖析：本题考查名词性从句的句子结构。根据句子的意思分析，此处用it is结构，it在此为形式主语，代替后面的that从句。形式主语或形式宾语只能用it。本句话的意思为“我们的希望是双方为和平而努力”。
答案：D
【例3】 （2004年北京，28）The teacher,with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class,______ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
A.was B.were C.had been D.would be
剖析：本题考查动词的时态和主谓一致。从后面的时间状语分析，此处用过去进行时态，表示“当地震发生时”正在进行的动作。此句话的主语为the teacher，为单数形式，介词短语with...为插入语。相似的插入语还有：as well as（也；还有），including（包括）等。
答案：A
【例4】 （2004年全国卷Ⅰ，27）I like ______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A.this B.that C.it D.one
剖析：本题考查不定代词的用法。分析句子的结构，此处用it指代后面when引导的从句。“I like/appreciate it+从句”为固定句型结构。
答案：C