Unit 7 Living with disease（新高二分册上）
【目标盘点】
名 称 语 言 知 识 要 求
词 汇 virus, via, mosquito, prevent, persuade, defenseless, illness, treatment
liquid, unprotected, sex, lack, proper, discourage, cheer, network, specialist, meaning, boyfriend, identify, billionaire, stranger, weep, cell, chemical, radiation, fighter, contrary 四 会
deadly, imaginary, infect, transmit, route, donation, cocaine, heroin, immune, transfusion, visible, defensive, diagnose, sample, disrupt, contagious, AIDS, HIV 三 会
Stacy, Richards, invisible, curable, meaningful, crime, defensive, improper, Hammer 二 会
辨 析 persuade/ convince/ advise, die of/ die from, reason/ cause/ excuse/grounds， remember to do sth./ remember doing sth.
词 组
与
短 语 become/ be infected with HIV (virus), get tested for HIV, a happy teenager, manage to do sth. die of, a lack of, cheer sb. Up, suffer from, deal with, contact with sb., allocate more funs for…, give sb. a hug, have sb. examined, take samples of one’s blood, a sad look in one’s eyes, an incurable disease, have an empty feeling in one’s stomach, be treated with chemicals and radiation, find strength to recover, on the contrary, think of sth. as a gift, teach sb. a lesson, take every chance to do sth., appreciate every minute of each day
熟记并会运用
句 型 1. I can become infected with HIV by swimming in a pool, sitting in a bath, holding hands or kissing someone with HIV.
2. HIV/AIDS is incurable.
3. AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body’s immune system, leaves a person defenseless against infections and illnesses,
4. People transmit HIV by having unprotected sex, by receiving infected blood transfusions or through birth.
语 法
复习虚拟语气 能熟练地运用虚拟语气
日 常
交 际
用 语
1. I wish I could remember more about my mum.
2. In what way does AIDS spread?
3. How do you think you would react if you were sb.?
4. How should we act towards people who have AIDS?
5. If I were you, I would give an AIDS patient a hug. 能熟练地运用本单元的日常交际用语进行日常交流
【知识梳理】
语言点讲解
1.infect: 1) ~ sb/sth (with sth) cause sb/sth to have a disease; 传染, 感染
The laboratory animals had been infected with the bacteria.
试验室里的动物都受到这种细菌的感染。
Police have sealed off infected areas of the country.
警方已将全国各感染区封锁了。
One of the boys in the class had a fever and he soon infected other children.
班上的一个孩子发烧了，不久他就传染上了其他孩子。
If your eyes are infected, you must go to an oculist."
"如果你的眼睛受到感染,就要去看眼科医生。"
2) 使受影响, 使受感染 fill (sb's mind or spirit) with happy and positive ideas or feelings
Her cheerful spirits and bubbling laughter infected the whole class.
They became happy too. 她那快乐的情绪和爽朗的笑声感染了全班。
Mary's high spirits infected all the girls in the class.
玛丽振奋的精神感染了班上所有的女孩子。
2. transmit: [usu passive] 通常用被动语态
1)~ sth (from...)(to...)send out (a signal, programme, etc) electronically by radio waves, along a telegraph wire 播送；发送
The World Cup final is being transmitted live to over fifty countries.
世界杯决赛现正向五十多个国家作实况转播。
2) ~ sth/itself (from...) (to...) send or pass on sth/itself from one person, place or thing to another 传送；传播；传递；传染
Parents transmit some of their characteristics to their children.
父母把一些特有的素质遗传给儿女。
transmit knowledge from one generation to another
把知识由一代人传给另一代人
3. via : 1) prep by way of (sth); through 经由，途经
to travel from Beijing to Shanghai via Tianjin
由北京经由天津去上海
go from London to Washington via New York
2) by means of:通过；凭藉
I sent a message to Mary via her brother.
我托玛丽的兄弟把信带给她。
I can send him a note via the internal mail system.
4. persuade: vt. cause sb to do sth by arguing or reasoning with him 说服, 劝服; 使相信
persuade sb. into/ out of sth. 说服, 劝服某人做某事
persuade sb. to do sth.
persuade sb. that… 后接宾语从句
Who persuaded you to join this society?
谁说服你参加这个团体?
We persuaded Harry that he was wrong.
我们使亨利相信是他错了。
I am almost persuaded of his honesty.
我几乎相信他是诚实的。
persuade/ convince/ advise
①persuade和convince意思是指“说服”，前者着重是指情感上的“敦促、劝告”后者着重指理智方面的“辩论、证明”两者结构相同，即：
persuade / convince sb. that…
persuade sb. / convince sb. of…
②persuade 还可以表示说服某人做某事/不做某事，结构为 persuade sb. to do sth./ persuade sb. not to do sth.; persuade sb. into doing sth./ persuade sb. out of doing sth. He persuaded me to do that. = He persuaded me into doing that.
③ persuade 和convince都表示结果，即说服了，若表示“说服”或“劝说”的动作常用try to persuade (或用convince）也可用advise 来表示：
I advised (tried to persuade) him to start early but he couldn’t listen.
5. discourage: take away sb's confidence or hope of doing sth 使泄气使失去信心、希望或精神 (做某事)
1）~ sb (from doing sth) 阻拦某人不要做某事
His parents discouraged him from joining the air force.
他的父母亲劝他不要参加空军。
2）try to stop (sth) 试图阻止；阻拦；劝阻
The school teachers discourage smoking.
学校老师不赞成吸烟。
3）be discouraged, get discouraged / discouraged adj.
"If you meet with any difficulty in your study, don't be discouraged."
"如果你学习中遇到什么困难,不要灰心。"
discouraging adj: a discouraging result, reply 使人泄气的结果、回答
6. identify: show, prove, etc who or what sb/sth is; recognize sb/sth (as being the specified person or thing) 确认；证明某人某事；鉴定
1）~ sb/sth as sb/sth 确认；证明某人某事；鉴定
She identified the man as her attacker.
她认出那个男人就是袭击她的人。
2）~ sth with sth consider sth to be identical with sth; equate two things
认为某事同某事等同
One cannot identify happiness with wealth.
幸福和财富不能混为一谈。
7. die of / die from
die of 因 …而死（原因多来自内部，情感、冻饿、生病等）后常加这样的名词：die of hunger (cold, poison, illness, old age, a disease, thirst, sorrow, disappointed love, a fever, heat…) 死于饥饿（寒冷、中毒、疾病、年老、疾病、无聊、渴、忧伤、失恋、发烧、热…）
die from 由于…而死（原因常来自外部），后常加这样的名词：die form a wound ( lack of food, an accident, over work, carelessness, drinking, some unknown cause…)死于受伤（缺乏食物、事故、工作过量、粗心、饮酒过量、不明原因等）
8. reason/ cause/ excuse/ grounds
reason: 理由，原因；指决定做某一件事或采取某一行动的理由，由此而得出结论或解释，如：The reason for my absence was that I was ill. 这儿不能用because引导。
cause：起因；指引起某种后果的起因，如：
The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast.
事故的起因是他开得太快。
excuse: 辩解，借口；指为某一行为所做的解释，可以使真的，也可以是托词，如：
Too much work is no excuse for not studying.
工作太多不能成为不学习的理由。
grounds: 根据，理由；有根据的理由，如：We have good grounds to believe his story. 我们有充分的理由相信他的话。
9. remember to do sth. / remember doing sth.
remember to do sth. 表示“记住要去做某事（事情没有做）”
remember doing sth. “表示记得做过了某事（事情实际上已经做过了）”
I clearly remember handing in my homework just now.
我清楚地记得刚才我教过作业了。
Please remember to lock the door before you leave.
请记住离开前要锁门。
句型与语法
1. People who see Xiaohua would never guess that she is one of millions of children in the world living- and dying- with AIDS.
看过小华的人都不会想到她是世界上患艾滋病而濒于死亡的几百万儿童中的一个。
句中的who see Xiaohua 是一个定语从句，先行词是people,“看见小华的人”； would never guess that… 句子的谓语部分，后接一个宾语从句；in the world living-and-dying是现在分词作后置定语，可以转化一个定语从句，相当于：she is one of millions of children in the world who are living- and dying with AIDS.
2. People transmit HIV by having unprotected sex, by receiving infected blood transfusion or, as in Xiaohua’s case, through birth.
人们通过没有预防措施的性生活，通过输受病毒感染的血液传播HIV(人体免疫缺损病毒)，或者像小华的案例，通过出生从母体遗传。
句中以by“用…方式”，后接 -ving形式。having unprotected sex 这儿是“有unprotected sex”，unprotected和infected是过去分词作形容词用。一定要区别分词的完成时“having done结构”。我们知道having done,一般放在句子开头用作状语，它表示该形式的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动词之前。如：
Having made a lot of experiments, they discovered a new method.
在做了很多试验之后，他们发现了一种新方法。
Having picked up the examination papers, the teacher announced the class dismissed. 在收完了所有的考试卷之后，老师宣布放学。
Having finished all my homework, I had a drink and went out.
在做完了家庭作业之后，我喝了一杯出去了。
这儿的as后接一个省略的介词结构，相当于as it happened in Xiaohua’s case, she got infected through birth.
3. There were days when I wished that I were dead so that I wouldn’t have to feel so sick.
那些日子我多么希望我已经死了，这样我就没有必要忍受那么多的痛苦。
when这儿接一个定语从句，先行词是days。I wish后接虚拟语气；so that 用了一个目的状语从句。
虚拟语气：虚拟条件中所陈述的内容都表明与客观事实相反，它仅仅表示说话者的一种主观愿望或假设。虚拟语气一般分为三种情况如下表：
条 件 从 句 主 句
与现在事实相反
动词过去式（be动词一律用were）
would
could + 动词原型
might
should
与过去事实相反
had +过去分词
would
could +have+ 动词原型
might
should
与将来事实相反
1）动词过去时
2）should +动词原型
3）were to +动词原型
would
could + 动词原型
might
should
e.g.1．与现在事实相反：
If I were you, I would try again.
If they had time now, they would come and join us in the discussion.
If he were alive today, how happy he would be!
2. 与过去事实相反：
If you had come earlier last night, you might have met him.
If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake.
We wouldn’t have succeeded if it hadn’t been for their help.
3. 与将来事实相反：
He is in New York now. If I saw him tonight I would give it to him.
= If I should see him tonight, I would give it to him.
= if I were to see him tonight. I would give it to him.
1）在suggest, insist, propose, demand, request, order, command, advise等表示建议、劝告、要求、命令等动词后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气， 即：“（should）+动词原型”，其中should 可以省略。我们可以用十个首字母 来巧记需要根虚拟语气的动词。
I drop caps. 我丢掉了很多帽子。
I（insist） drop（demand, require, order, prefer） caps. (command, ask, propose, suggest) “主+ 动词+ that +主 +(should) +动词原形”
2）动词wish 后的宾语从句中，谓语动词必须用虚拟语气，表示未实现的或不可能实现的愿望。
如：I wish I were young again.
I wish I knew the answer.
4. “I wish people would find out the facts,” she says, “and not act as if I were a bad or dangerous person.” “我们希望人们了解实情，”她说， “不要把我当成坏人或危险的人。”
as if 用来引导状语从句，常常放在act, look, sound, smell, feel等动词的后面。
如：He acted as if nobody was round. 他旁若无人。
The tree looks as if it is going to fall down. 那颗树看起来要倒。
Tim sounded as if he had a cold. 蒂姆听起来像是患了感冒。
as if 后面引导的从句中也可以使用虚拟语气。如：
He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.
他说英语就像是一名英国人
She acted as if nothing had happened.
她行动就好像什么事也没有发生过一样。
The lady looked very much worried as if something would happen to her.
那位女士看上去很着急，好像她身上要发生什么事一样。
交际用语
1. One reason is that…后接一个表语从句
e.g. One reason is that you are too young for the job.
2. What makes you think that…后接一个宾语从句
e.g. What makes you think that you have got infected with HIV?
3. If I were you, I would…
If I were you, I would fly the kite without my parents.