高 二 英 语（第11讲）
主讲：郑天德 （苏州中学）
[教学内容]
高中英语第二册（上）
教学要求：
1、掌握本单元的单词、词组与句型。
2、学会几句常用口语：
It would be great/wonderful if I had an e-friend. 如果我有一个电子朋友，那会很妙的。
No one can predict what will happen even in ten years.
即使十年以后发生的事也没有人能预料到。
Just imagine if terrorists have nuclear weapons. 想象一下万一恐怖分子有了核武器。
We can only guess where he comes from. 我们只能猜测他是哪里人。
3、语法 名词性从句⑵
[知识重点与学习难点]
一、重要单词：
prediction forecast exact glimpse trend contemporary indicate urban ensure system consumer reform commerce necessity mall purchase chip cash remain regular medical physician cure genetics biochemistry educator distance lifelong cheat wrist require identify reality imitate virtual absurd definition
二、重点词组：
keep in touch with 与……保持联系 deal with 处理，安排
pay attention to sth 注意…… in store 准备好的，将要有的，储存好的
catch/get/have a glimpse of … /take a glimpse at … 瞥见…，一眼看见…
[难点讲解]
1、Use the questions below to get started. (v.t)
= Use the questions below to start.(v.i)
start warming up.(v.t)
使用以下问题来开始热身练习。原句to get started是被动式。
2、One way to catch a glimpse of the future is to examine some of the major trends in contemporary society.
考察当代社会大的发展趋势是窥测未来的一种方法。
catch a glimpse of 原意是瞥一眼之意。
We caught a glimpse of the river as the train passed over the bridge.
got
had
同义短语有：
give a glance at take a glimpse at
shoot
cast
take 注意上述短语介词用at
3、Instead of searching a crowded store for basic goods, such as food and clothes, people want to go to a pleasant mall and combine shopping with fun.
人们不再到拥挤的商店里寻购食物、衣服之类的生活必需品，而是要到舒适的mall去，把购物与玩乐结合起来。
这句中search也能作v.i使用：
Instead of searching for goods in a crowded store, …而combine shopping with fun 可改成combine shopping and fun。
4、People in the future will be able to enjoy a longer and healthier life and remain active even in old age. 未来人类更长寿健康，人老了，还能保持活力。
age表示年龄的一些常见用法与前置介词的习惯：
What’s your age?/What age are you? = How old are you?
She’s now forty years of age.
old
They were of the same age. His age is sixteen.
I used to work hard when I was your age.
She looks young for her age. 她看上去比她实际年龄轻。
younger than
At (the age of) 17, he joined the army.
He is of age today. 他今天开始算成年了。
We shouldn’t allow those under age to enter the Net bar. 我们不应该让未成年人进网吧。
He could not get a driving license as he was over age. 他们因为超龄而拿不到驾照。
Many famous writers wrote their masterpieces in old age.
5、The way we view learning and knowledge is also changing.
我们对学习与知识的看法也在改变。
view作为动词的一些用法：
1、look，watch 看，观看
We’ll go and view the house before we buy it .
The police viewed the scene of the murder.
They are viewing the DVD in the sitting room.
2、consider, regard转义，看待，持某种观点：
How will history view former Soviet Union? 历史将怎样看待前苏联？
He viewed the whole thing as a joke. 他将整个这件事看成笑话。
The way kids view great ideals is quite different from ours.
现在孩子们看待“伟大理想”的方式与我们大不相同。
6、We will be well-prepared for whatever the future may have in store.
我们就会作好准备迎接未来带给我们的一切。
in store的用法，注意以下例子：
①原义：储存，备用
If the electricity goes off, we have candles in store in the cupboard.
The squirrel has plenty of nuts in store for the winter.
②转义：等着的，必将发生的（注意译文）
I have some good news in store for you. 我有好消息等着跟你说。
We don’t know what is in store for us. 我们不知道将来遭遇如何。
I hope that a bright future is in store for you. 我希望你前途光明。
7、Sometimes it is difficult to tell what is “real” and what is an image.
有时很难区分什么是“真实”，什么是图像。
tell意为区分、辨别的用法：
He can’t tell the color. 他不能辨别颜色。
It’s difficult to tell his exact age. 很难判断他确切年龄。
Can you tell which is the famous painting and which is a fake?
你能分辨哪一幅是名画，哪一幅是赝品？
He can’t tell rice from wheat in the fields. 他不能区分长在地里的稻子与小麦。
The teacher could not tell the twins apart. 老师无法将那两个双胞胎区别开。
8、need作名词的一些用法：
①需要，不可数：
The need for specialized products will grow. 对特殊产品的需求在增长。
We have no need for/of your advice.
He was in need of help. 他需要帮助。
There’s no need to worry about money. 无须为钱担心。
Most of the laid-off workers are in great need. 大多数下岗工人家境贫困。
②需要的东西，某种需要，可数名词：
They try to adapt to the new needs of their students. 他们努力去适应学生的新需要。
There’s a real need today for this sort of book. 今天真需要这种书。
What are your basic needs? 你的基本需要东西是什么？
There is a reed for college students in industry. 工业部门需要大学毕业生。
There is a need for more science teachers in American high schools.
美国中学需要更多的科学教师。
[语法] 名词性从句⑵
一、wh-疑问型名词性从句：
由why, when, what, where, who/whom, how, whether/if引导，实际上是疑问句的间接引语形式。
①作主语：
What caused the accident is a complete mystery. 什么造成这个事故完全是个谜。
Why she did this is not known. 她为何做这件事不清楚。
Whether she comes or not doesn’t concern me. 她来不来我不关心。
（作主语不能用if替代whether）
常见于it先行的结构中：
It is not yet clear who was responsible for the accident.
现在还不清楚谁应对这事故负责。
It’s strange how they did it. 很奇怪他们怎样做成的。
It is uncertain when he came back. 说不准，他是何时回来的。
②作宾语：
She asked was where I was off to. 她问我要去哪里。
Please explain why this is impossible. 请解释为什么这是不可能的。
I don’t care whether/if she comes. 我不在乎她来不来。
但I don’t know if she doesn’t come. 我不知道她是否不来。
whether从句若是否定句，一般应改为if引导。
也常见于形式宾语it先行的结构：
You should make it known to all who saved the little girl.
你应该让大家知道谁救了那小女孩。
可作介词宾语：
Before I came downstairs I had prepared myself very carefully for what I must say.
在我下楼前，我就细心准备好我必须说什么。
③作表语：
The problem is not who will go but who will stay. 问题不是谁去而是谁留。
④作同位语：
Have you any idea how soon they are coming? 你认为他们多久后回来？
My original question, why he did it at all, has not been answered.
我原先的问题--他到底为何这样做--还没有得到回答。
二、wh-名词性关系从句：
由whatever, wherever, whoever, whichever, what, where等引导，无疑问色彩，名词性功能强，不用于it先行的结构中，注意以下例句的译文及比较替代部分。
①作主语：
Whoever he met was friendly to him. 任何他遇到的人对他很友好。
Anyone who
Where they live is only a small shed. 他们住的只是一个小车棚。
The place where
Whatever I have is yours. 我们有的一切都是你的。
Anything
②作宾语：
Don’t criticize what you don’t understand. 不要乱批评你不懂的事情。
things
He gave whoever came to the party a gift. 他给每一个来聚会的人一个小礼物。
everyone who
也能作介词宾语：
You must give it back to whoever it belongs to. 你必须把它还给真正的主人。
anyone
③作表语：
The log cabin is where Lincoln was born. 这小木屋是林肯诞生之地。
the place where
The book is just what I have been looking for. 我本书就是我一直在找的那本。
the one
who偶尔也有作无疑问色彩的表语：
You are not who I thought you were. 你已不是我们以前认识的你了。
the person
④作同位语：一般不作同位语从句，偶尔也有非限制性的：
It’s a great success -- what you’ve done 这是个巨大的成功--你做到了。
三、宾语还是形容词补足成分：
不必执着于术语的不同，只要理解一下用法皆可。
I wasn’t certain whose house I was in. 我吃不准在谁的房子里。
I’m sure that he’ll come in time.
I’m not sure whether/if they are doing their best. 我不清楚他们是否在尽全力。
He was never certain what he wanted to do. 他从来不知道他要做什么。
四、疑问型还是无疑问色彩：
以-ever结尾的关系词引导的从句都没有疑问色彩，而其他的要从上下文判断，因为无疑问色彩的名词性从句，不能用于形式主语或形式宾语（it先行）的结构中，也不作同位语。
试比较：
I sent them what they need. （无疑问色彩） 我将他们需要的东西送去了。
Do you know what they need? （疑问型） 你知道他们需要什么？
有时也有两种理解并存的情况
Do you remember when we got lost?
两种可能译义：
①你记得我们是什么时候迷的路？（疑问型）
②你记得当时我们迷路的情景吗？（无疑问色彩）
同步练习
一、单项选择：
1、The movie is highly praised before being shown but it remains ________ the audience will enjoy it.
A. seeing if B. to be seen whether C. to be seen if D. seen if
2、We _____ a glimpse ______ the city when our plane took off.
A. took, of B. get, at C. caught, at D. had, of
3、As a teacher, we must know different ______ our students.
A. need for B. needs of C. needs for D. need of
4、Most people _____ old age like to talk about “the good old days”.
A. in B. at the C. of D. in his
5、Do you know how most American people ______ the Iraq War now?
A. notice B. view C. observe D. consider
6、Quite a few parents only push their kids in studies but never teach them how to ______.
A. tell right from wrong B. tell right and wrong
C. judge right from wrong D. judge right and wrong
7、--Are you still thinking about the football game?
--Oh, that’s _______.
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I get excited about
C. how I feel excited about D. what I get excited
8、It was a matter of ______ would come into power in the country.
A. whomever B. who C. whoever D. whom
9、He was sure _____ his girlfriend didn’t want to see him.
A. whether B. if C. that D. whether or not
10、The doctor ________ the woman hit by a taxi but she died in the end.
Choose the wrong answer:
A. cured B. treated C. tried to cure D. tried to treat
二、阅读理解：
What changes are going to happen in our way of life? According to the writer, Patrick Gold ring, more people are going to have part-time jobs. This is going to be true for most workers. People have many interests. Full-time jobs do not allow time for these interests. People are going to have two or three different part-time jobs.
According to David Jenkins in his book “Job Power,” workers are going to have more power in their companies. They are going to have more power in their companies. They are going to have more power over their jobs and their hours. Groups of workers and company leaders are going to meet to find answers to company problems. Some companies don’t want change. Workers are demanding it, however. What is the result of “job power”? According to Jenkins, the result is a good feeling toward the company.
1、This passage is about jobs ________.
A. in companies B. today C. in the future D. in the U.S.A.
2、One change is going to be an increase in ________.
A. full-time B. part-time jobs C. work hours D. job power
3、Full-time jobs do not allow time for ___________.
A. writing B. people’s interests C. holidays D. rest
4、Companies are going to have ______ control over their workers.
A. no B. less C. more D. little
5、The idea in this passage come from _________.
A. two writers B. a book C. some companies D. workers
参 考 答 案
一、1、B 2、D 3、B 4、A 5、B 6、A 7、A 8、B 9、C 10、A
二、1、C 2、B 3、B 4、B 5、A