中考英语知识梳理:it 用法梳理

发布时间:2016-4-10 编辑:互联网 手机版

it在英语语法中属人称代词,意思是“它”,用来指人以外的一切生物和事物。就这么简单吗?不!不仅不简单,而且很复杂。下面就初中英语课本中有关it的用法作一下梳理,以飨读者朋友。

核心知识

一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情。

一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情、没有性别的区分;可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词,在句子中既可作主语,也可以作宾语。

1.指动物和植物。如:

-Oh,that's Lucy's hat.噢,那是露茜的帽子。

-It looks like a cat!它看上去像只猫!

Where's tea grown?It's grown in the southeast of China.

什么地方种植茶?中国东南部种植茶。

2.指代一些无生命的东西。如:

Is it your watch?这是你的手表吗?

Look at the rain!It's heavy,isn't it?看这雨!雨很大,对吗?

3.代替上文提到过的整个事情。如:

Well,you mustn't play on the road.It's dangerous.哦,你不能在公路上玩。这太危险了!

It was hard work,but they really enjoyed it.摘苹果是艰苦活,可他们都乐意去干(它)。

二、用于指代人。

1.指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人,常在打电话或敲门时用。如:

-Who was it?是谁(打来的电话)?

-Was it Susan?(打电话的)是苏珊吗?

-Yes,it was.是的,我是。(根据上下句,“it was”也可不译出来。)

再如:-Who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门?

-It's me.是我。

2.指说话者心目中的那个人。如:

-Is it your sister,Kate?(那旧照片上的 baby)是你姐姐凯特吧?

-No!不是。

-Is it your brother?是你哥哥吧?

-No!不是。

-I know-it's you!我知道了,(那)是你。

3.指代性别不详的婴幼儿或在不计较性别时,也可用it来指人。如:

The child smiled when it saw its mother.这小孩一见到母亲就笑了。

I don't know who it is.我不知道他是谁。

注意:看到这样的句子(或听到这样的话)时,要想一想,不要一看到it就把它译成“它”。)

4.在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时,常用it指人。如:

-Who's that?那人是谁?

-Is it Kate?是凯特吗?

-Yes,I think you're right.It's Kate.是的,我想你说对了,是凯特。

三、用于指时间、距离和自然现象等。

1.表示时间。如:

-What time is it?几点钟?

-It's ten.十点钟。

It's summer in Australia now.现在澳大利亚是夏天。

特别注意it用于表示时间时还常见于以下两个句型中:

(1)It's time(for sb.)to do sth./It's time for sth.译为“是(某人)该干……的时间了”、“到……的时候了”。如:

It's time for supper/to have supper.是吃晚饭的时候了。

I think it's time for us to start the lesson now.我想现在是我们开始上课的时候了。

(2)It is /has been +时间段+since +一般过去时。译为“自从……以来已过了……(时间)”。此结构可以与另一种句型进行同义句转换。如:

It has been two weeks since we met last.= Two weeks has passed since we met last.自从我们上次相遇以来,两个星期过去了。

It's three years since he came here.=It has been three years since he came here.=He has been here for three years.他到这里已经三年了。

2.表示距离。如:

It's half an hour's walk from my home to the school.从我家到学校步行得花半小时时间。

-Where's the farm,Li Lei?Is it far?李雷,农场在哪里?远吗?

-No,it's quite near.不,(距)离这很近。

3.表示自然现象。如:

Sometimes it snows and the land is all white.有时下雪,大地一片白。

It is very quiet here at the moment.眼下这儿很安静。

四、用作形式主语。

英语中常常见到某个句子以it开头,it与其后面的动词不定式短语、动名词短语、名词性从句等相呼应,以表达一个完整的意义。这是一种习惯表达法,这样的句式可避免句子显得头重脚轻。

1.It+is/was+形容词+(for/of sb.)+动词不定式短语。对于这个句型中究竟用 for还是用of,一般遵循这样的规则:如果形容词仅仅是描述事物的形容词,如:difficult, easy,hard,important,dangerous等用for;如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的,如:kind,good,nice,clever等则用of。如:

It is interesting to play with snow in winter.冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。

It's important for us to keep the water clean.保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。

It's very kind of you to say so.你这样说真是太好了。

注意:这一句式中的形容词位置也可换用名词;连系动词be也可换用其它连系动词,如feel等。如:

It's a good habit to get up early and go to bed early.早睡早起是好习惯。

It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship.乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。

It feels strange to have a twin sister.有个孪生姐妹感觉很奇怪。

2.It +will be/is /was +形容词+动名词短语。如:

It's bad playing in the street.在街上玩是没好处的。

Is it any good trying again?再试一次有用吗?

3.It+is/was+形容词+从句。如:

It is certain that he will come.他一定会来。

It's true that he may fall behind the other students.他真的可能落后于其他同学。

It is strange that he should say so.他居然这么说,真是奇怪。

4.It +is /was +one's turn(duty,pleasure) +to do sth.意为“该轮到某人做某事(做某事是某人的责任、愉悦的事)”。如:

It's your turn to be on duty tomorrow.明天轮到你值日了。

5.It takes(sb.)some time to do sth.意为“(某人)花……时间做某事”。如:

It took me a week to finish reading the book.我花了一周时间看完这本书。

6.It +cost/costs +sb.+some money +to do sth.译为“某人花多少钱做某事”。如:

It cost me 260 yuan to buy the new watch.我买这块新手表花了260元。

7.It seems /seemed +从句。译为“看起来好像……”,此结构可以转换成“seem +动词不定式”形式。如:

It seems that he is ill.=He seems to be ill.看起来他好像病了。

五、用作形式宾语。

当句子的真正宾语是动词不定式、动名词或从句时,为避免句子头重脚轻,须将其放在宾语补足语之后,改用先行词it占据其原来的位置。it用作形式宾语的句型为:主语+谓语+it+宾语补足语+动词不定式/动名词/从句。该句型中宾语补足语可由形容词、名词等充当。如:

He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well.他发现学好一门外语是不容易的。

We think it no good reading in bed.我们认为躺在床上看书无益处。

I think it necessary that we have the meeting.我认为开这个会是必要的。

典型例题

跟踪训练:

同义句转换,每空一词。

1.It's time for class.

It's time _____ _____ _____ .

2.We spent twenty minutes cleaning the room yesterday.('02哈尔滨市)

It _____ _____ twenty minutes _____ _____ the room yesterday.

3.She seems to be worried now.('02南京市)

_____ _____ that she _____ worried now.

4.It's a long time since we met last.('02南京市)

We haven't seen each other _____ _____ .

Key:

1.to have classes 2.took us;to clean 3.It seems;is 4.for long