一、 重点短语
1 be content with sth(=be satisfied with/be pleased with)对…满意
be content to do(=be willing/glad to do)乐意做
2 sustainable development 可持续性发展
3 have/gain (free)access to 可（自由）进入，接触，使用
4 all too often屡次，常常 all of a sudden突然
5 stress the importance of…强调…的重要性
lay/put stress/emphasis on…强调，主张 under great stress经受巨大的压力
6 have responsibility for 对…负有责任 be responsible for
联想： take/undertake responsibility for承担责任 a sense of responsibility责任感
7 there exist(s)…这存在… there seems/appears to be…似乎有，看似有
I don’t want there to be any misunderstanding.我不想有任何差错。
Can you imagine there being a big pleasant surprise for you?
你能想象有一个大的惊喜等着你吗？
8 take action / take measures/take steps
9 live/be in harmony with与…和谐相处 （harmonious adj.）
build a society in harmony with society建立人与自然相和谐的社会
10 put an end to 结束… come to an end到尽头
bring sth to an end 使…结束 make ends meet使收支相抵
eg,They should put an end to that ridiculous war. 他们应该结束那场荒谬的战争。
eg,I wonder how I can bring their dispute to an end. 我不知道如何才能让他们停止纷争。
eg,The meeting came to an end at midnight.会议进行至深夜才结束。
11 wipe out 灭除，扫清 eg,wipe out poverty消灭贫困
wipe sth out from memory把…从记忆中抹去
(sb)be wiped out=be worn out =be tired out=be extremely tired/exhausted筋疲力尽
12 there is a (good )chance that…=It’s likely /probable that… 有可能…
13 draw a conclusion得出结论 sum up 总结，概括
14 replace A with B 用B取代A eg, replace letters with E-mail用邮件取代信件
exchange A for B 用A 调换B eg,exchange dollars for pounds用美元兑换英镑
15 alternative energy 可替代能源 have no alternative（choice）but to do sth.别无选择只能
16 issue(v.)发行;公布 / (n.)eg,问题，议题，争论点；发行，发行物
issue new stamps/coins/shares/magazines发行新邮票，硬币，股票,杂志
issue a statement发表声明 issue an order/warning发布命令，警告
a political/economic issue政治，经济问题 a burning issue急待解决的问题
a new issue of bonds新发行的债券 the latest issue of a magazine杂志的最新一期
17 affect(v.)影响；（疾病）侵袭；感动；
eg, the area affected by the earthquake 受地震影响的地区
The disease is beginning to affect her eyesight.疾病逐渐侵袭她的视力。
be deeply affected by the story 为故事感动
affection(n.)感情，亲情，爱
eg,the affection of parents for their children 父母对儿女的爱
have a great/deep affection for parents对父母有着深厚的感情
affectionate(adj.)充满深情的，亲切的，有爱心的
eg,an affectionate letter一封充满深情的信 an affectionate hug亲切的拥抱
He is very affecionate towards his children.她很爱自己的孩子。
18 advise sb(not)to do=try to persuade sb (not)to do 劝某人做（不）做
二、重点句子
1 One of the main themes of the summit was “sustainable development”,or the question how we can continue developing the world without damaging the environment.
2 Most of the speakers talked about the “big three”--- contaminated drinking water,poor sanitation and air pollution.（被污染的饮用水，卫生状况恶劣，空气污染）
3 Air pollution alone causes almost three million deaths.仅空气污染就导致300万人死亡。
注意：alone 放名词后面表强调，仅仅，只有
eg,The price alone discouraged me .单看价格就让我沮丧。
4 If we are to develop the world successfully,we must make sure that everyone is able to take part in the new world we create.
5 Among the speakers was China’s then Premier Zhu Rongji,（倒装）who stressed the need for equality and fairness in the world. 强调平等与公正的必要性
6 Rich countries have responsibility for poor countries and must do whatever they can to help others.
7 With better education,people will be able to build a better society in harmony with nature and perhaps put an end to death and suffering.
8 If poverty is less of a problem and people are better educated,there is a good chance that we will see less violence and fewer wars.如果贫穷不再是问题，人民的教育程度得以提高，就有可能会减少暴力和战争。
三、语法(倒装)
出于语法结构或强调的需要，倒装一般分为两种，全倒和半倒：
一 全倒的情况（谓语提到主语的前面）
1 以 here,there,或out ,in,up,down,away等表示地点，方位的副词开头：
eg, Here comes the bus. Out rushed the children.
Away went the boy. Now comes my turn.
（注意：若主语为代词，则不倒装eg,Here it is./ Away she went.）
2 直接引语放在句首：
eg,”It looks as if a typhoon is coming.” said the captain.
3 地点状语提前：
eg ,On the bench sat a little man who was trembling in the wind.
In New York harbour stands the Statue of Liberty,which is a gift from French.
二 半倒的常见情况（谓语的一部分倒装，通常只助动词提前）：
1 在疑问句中：
eg, How did you find my house?
2 only修饰的状语置于句首：
eg, Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.
3 否定副词置于句首：
eg： Not until we know more will we be able to improve the situation.
eg: Never have I realised that water is so precious.
eg: Not only did he carry me to the hospital,but also kept me company there.
eg : No sooner had he sat down than the telephone rang.
eg : Hardly had the bell rang when the children rushed out of the room.
eg: Under no circumstances(任何情况下都不) will I give in to him.
=in no way/by no means/in no case
4表示前面所说内容也适合后者：
eg , A better understanding of the environment is necessary,as(=so)is the willingness to act.
更好地了解环保是必要的，行动的愿望也是必要的。
eg, Without international cooperation,developing countries can’t prosper,nor will sustainable development be possible.
没有国际合作发展中国家就不可能繁荣，可持续性发展也就不可能实现。
5 if虚拟的省略：
eg, Had I known that air conditioner cause so much pollution,I would never have bought one.
eg ,Were I you, I would do it in a different way.
三 其他情况的倒装：
1主语太长，保持平衡：
eg Gone are the days when teachers are looked down upon.
eg Present at the meeting were representatives from more than 100 coutries as well as some famous performers
2为强调，将表语或状语提前：
eg Greatly loved in China are the English romantic poets.
So bright is the boy that they all love him.
Child as he is,he knows a lot.
Hard as he worked,he still failed.
3 表祝愿的句型：
eg, Long live our friendship! 愿我们的友谊常青！
May you succeed/be successful!
Unit 10 frightening nature
一 重点短语
1 get into a total panic陷入完全的恐慌
2 make one’s hair stand on end使毛骨悚然
3 be scared/frightened/ to death吓死
4 what terrifies/frightens/scares me is that…令我害怕的是
5 draw/attract/catch/capture one’s attention to …吸引某人的注意力
6 at a distance隔开一段距离 in the distance在远处
keep one’s distance from… 与…保持距离，不亲近
eg,keep your distance from that dog.离狗远点
keep sb at a distance疏远某人，不亲近
eg,He likes to keep people at a distance/keep his distance from people.
7 awake/arouse one’s conscience(curiosity,interest,memory)
唤起某人的良知（好奇心，兴趣，回忆）
注意：rise/raise/arise/arouse的区别
8 at hand 在手边，靠近的keep a dictionary (ready) at hand.把词典放在手边
9 find a way out 找到出路
10 urge sb to do 敦促，力劝某人做 注意：urge that.. ..(should) do
11 upon/on one’s arrival/arriving某人一到场
12 pick out挑选出，识别出 区别： make out 看出，听出，辨别出
13 it’s one thing to do ..,another to do.做…是一回事，做…是另外一回事
14(get) on board（登上）飞机，船，火车 go abroad出国
15 knock about (sp)(sb)漫游，游荡某地；虐待某人
16 all of a sudden/all at once突然
17 be done for（口语）被毁掉，完蛋
18 live through历经（并幸存） 比较：go through经过，经历，浏览
get through通过,完成 pull through从（疾病）中恢复；度过难关
19 strike a match划火柴 (想想strike 还有那些意思？)
20.light up点燃 ；容光焕发
21 hold/reach out (one’s hand)for伸手去拿
22 a puff of wind一股风
23 bury one’s head in one’s hands双手蒙脸 bury oneself in=be buried in 埋头于，专心于
联想be buried in/be involved in/be engaged in/be occupied in/be employed in忙于，专心于,从事
24 spot sb doing sth=catch sb doing sth发现某人做 spot one’s potential发现某人的潜质
spot one’s fame/reputation=leave a spot on one’s fame/reputation玷污某人的名誉，声誉
be on the spot 在现场
25 calm (sb)down(使某人)镇定
26 What’s up?怎么了？ It’s up to you to decide it.这件事由你决定。
27 swear to do/that…发誓保证 eg,I swear never to cheat you.
二、重点句子
1 The sight of it awoke(aroused) the scientist in my uncle to go and see it close at hand.
此情景唤起了叔叔身上的科学精神，他要到近处看个究竟。
2 Upon arrival,my uncle hugged pompy and tried to give him courage.
“on／upon + 名词／动名词”可在句中作状语，意为“一……就= as soon as
其他类似表达：（1）the (very) moment (instant，minute，second，etc.)…
(2) instantly；immediately; directly
(3) no sooner...than；hardly/scarcely...when
3 Supported by the two slaves,he stood up,and immediately fell down dead.
4 He looked more asleep than dead.与其说他死了倒不如说他睡着了。
此处意为“与其说…倒不如说..”。如： He was more frightened than angry. 与其说他生气了，倒不如说他是吓坏了。
5 You can pick out the important bits,for it is one thing to write a letter,another to write history.
6 Captain saw a white tower of water advancing towards them.
7 With a tearing crash,tons of water fell upon the deck,as though the ship passed under a waterfall.随着一阵撕裂般的哗啦声，成吨的海水泼向甲板，仿佛轮船驶过了瀑布。
8 The hurricane,with its power to sink ships and to destroy strong walls,had found this little ship in its path.一股具有倒海沉船、摧毁铜墙铁壁般威力的飓风，一路风驰电掣来到小船前。
三、语法（省略）
例如：1 Would you like to come to the party? Yes,I’d love to(come to the party) .
2 Do you want to be a teacher? No, I don’t want to be(a teacher).
3 Why didn’t you come to the party yesterday?
I intended to have(come to the party),but I had something important..
4 If not carefully dealt with,the situation would be worse.
=If the situation is not carefully with,…