Unit 7
1 via prep. 经由，途经
to travel from Beijing to Shanghai via Tianjin 由北京经由天津去上海
通过；凭藉
I sent a message to Mary via her brother. 我托玛丽的兄弟把信带给她。
2 persuade：主要用作及物动词。主要有两个义项：说服；使相信。主要搭配形式为：persuade sb. to do sth.；
Eg. She tried to persuade him to change his mind.她试图劝他改变主意。
persuade sb. into doing sth.；persuade sb. out of doing sth.；
Eg. Can you persuade her into/out of wearing that dress?你能劝她穿（不穿）那件衣服吗？
persuade sb. that-clause。（常与of, that连用）使相信
Eg. I couldn’t persuade him that she was a thief.我无法使他相信她是个小偷。
How can I persuade you of my sincerity?我怎样才能使你相信我的诚意呢?
We worked hard to persuade them that we were genuinely interested in the project.
我们想尽办法以使他们相信我们确实对这一计划感兴趣。
注意：persuade sb. to do sth.意为“说服某人做某事”，强调结果；而advise sb. to do sth.和try to persuade sb. to do sth.意为“劝某人做某事”，强调动作。
3 lack：可用作动词（vi.＆vt.）和名词。主要义项有：缺乏，不足；不足之物，欠缺之物。
注意：lack用作名词时常与介词of连用，用作动词常与介词for连用。
Eg. We have no lack of food. 我们不缺乏食物。
It was lack of current capital that defeated their business. "因为缺少流动资本,他们的企业才告失败。"
Owing to lack of time, we cannot do more than what we have done.
由于时间不够，我们只能做到这样。
vt. 缺乏；不足；没有
He lacks courage. 他缺乏勇气。
Their actions lack consistency; they say one thing and do another.
"他们言行不一,说的是一回事,做的又是另一回事。"
短少；不足；需要
Something is lacking. 缺少点什么东西。
Is she lacking in courage? 她缺乏勇气吗?
They did not lack for money.他们并不缺钱。
【习惯用语】
For\ by\ from\ through lack of 因缺乏...; 因无...
supply the lack 补缺
be lacking in 在...缺少[不足]
no lack of 不缺乏, 很多
lack (for)…缺乏
4 infect vt.
传染；使感染Be infected with cholera被传染上霍乱
One of the boys in the class had a fever and he soon infected other children.
班上的一个孩子发烧了，不久他就传染上了其他孩子。
"If your eyes are infected, you must go to an oculist."
"如果你的眼睛受到感染,就要去看眼科医生。"
感染；影响
Mary's high spirits infected all the girls in the class.玛丽振奋的精神感染了班上所有的女孩子。
be infected with感染, 沾染上
infector n.传播者, 传染者
infectious adj.有传染性的, 易传染的, 有感染力的
"Colds are infectious, and so are some eye diseases.""感冒是传染的,有些眼病也是传染的。"
an infectious laugh有感染力的笑声
infectious water带菌水
vi.受感染
I didn't pay any attention to it because I never infect.
我对这事毫不注意, 因为我从来 未受感染。
5 deadly adj.-lier, -liest
致命的
Fog is the sailor's deadly enemy.雾是航海者最致命的敌人。
势不两立的， 殊死的
极度的，非常的deadly haste至急
死一般的a dead paleness如死人般的苍白
adv.如死一般地;极度地；非常地
deadly dull极为枯燥无味
6 cheer n. 欢呼,喝彩[C]
A cheer arose from the crowd when the president appeared.
当总统露面时,人群中发出了欢呼声。
振奋,高兴;鼓励,激励[U]
The doctor spoke words of cheer to the sick child.
医生向病孩说了一些鼓励的话。
He's always full of cheer at Christmas.圣诞节他总是兴致勃勃。
vt., vi.欢呼；喝采
The good news of our football team winning the game cheered up everybody who heard it.
我们足球队获胜的喜讯使每一个听到的人都感到高兴。
Cheer up! The news isn't too bad.振作起来吧!消息还不算太坏。
（常与on连用）以欢呼声激励；为…加油
The crowd cheered their favourite team on.观众为自己支持的球队欢呼加油。
Cheer int.干杯
What cheer with you?近况如何? 近来心情好否?
with good cheer高高兴兴地; 欢乐地; 心甘情愿地
cheer up(用话)鼓舞(某人);高兴起来, 振奋起来;打起精神来! 别灰心!
7 discourage vt.-aged, -aging
使丧失勇气；使气馁； 使沮丧
Don't let one failure discourage you, try again.不要因为一次失败就气馁，再试一试看。
"If you meet with any difficulty in your study, don't be discouraged."
"如果你学习中遇到什么困难,不要灰心。"
试图阻止；阻拦；劝阻
The school teachers discourage smoking.学校老师不赞成吸烟。
His parents discouraged him from joining the airforce.他的父母亲劝他不要参加空军。
Inflation discourages saving.通货膨胀阻碍储蓄的积累。
discourage from阻止[妨碍, 不鼓励]做...; 使失信心
encourage vt.鼓励, 激励, 怂恿;赞助, 促进, 助长
encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人(做某事)
be encouraged by受...鼓励[鼓舞]
8 identify vt. -fied, -fying
认出；识别；鉴定
I identified the jacket at once; it was my brother's."我立即认出了那件外套,它是我兄弟的。
identify handwriting鉴定笔迹
（与with连用）认为同一
He identifies beauty with goodness.他认为美与善是一致的。
（与with连用）与…有关系
That politician is too closely identified with the former government to become a minister in ours."那位政客被认为与上届政府关系过于密切,不能成为本届政府里的部长。"
（常与with连用）同情；理解
She identified with foreign workers.她同情并理解外籍工人。
identify oneself with支持; 参与; 与....密切结合; 和....打成一片
9 for the moment：暂时, 目前
Eg. I have nothing to do for the moment. 我目前没事做。
Stop the discussion for the moment. 请暂停讨论。
at any moment随时; 在任何时候; 马上
at moments时刻, 常常
at the last [critical] moment在最后关头
at the moment此刻; (正当)那时
every moment时时刻刻
for a moment片刻
in a moment一会儿, 不久; 立即, 马上
in one's extreme [last] moment在临终时刻
not [never] for a moment决不; 从来没有
of great moment关系重大的 matter of great moment重大事件
of no moment不重要的, 无足轻重的
the moment立刻, 马上; 刚才
to the (very) moment及时, 准时, 不差片刻
10 contrary adj.（常与to连用）别扭的；格格不入的；固执的; 相反的；相对的
Mrs. Smith is too contrary to make friends easily.史密斯太太过于固执而不易交朋友。
contrary opinions相反的意见
n.-ries（前面与the连用）相反；反面；对立面
‘You must be tired.’ ‘On the contrary, I feel wide awake.’“你一定很累了。”“相反, 我感觉很清醒。”
Contrary adv.（常与to连用） 相反地；相对地
He passed the examination, contrary to what I expected.他考试及格了，和我预料的情况相反。
Contrary to all advice he gave up his job and left for the south."他不听任何劝告,放弃了工作,去了南方。"
be contrary to与...相反
by -ries相反地； 出乎预料地
Many things in our lives go by contraries.在我们的生活当中，许多事情与预期相反。
on the contrary(与此)相反， (不是...)而是， 反之
quite the contrary恰恰相反
just the contrary恰恰相反
to the contrary反对地， 与此相反地， 有相反情况
He produced no evidence to the contrary.他没有拿出相反的证据。
11 live with忍受
"I don't enjoy the pain, but I can live with it.""我虽然不以疼痛为乐,但还可以忍受。"
live adj.活的, 生动的, 精力充沛的, 实况转播的, 点燃的
vi.活着, 生活, 居住
vt.过着, 度过, 经历
None of the others have lived my experiences.其他人没有一个经历过我的这些遭遇。
adv.以实况地
live down悔过自新使人忘掉
He was drunk at school--he'll never live it down."他上学时喝醉过 - 他怎么改,人们也忘不了。"
live for为…而活着
live up to真正做到，生活得无愧于
We will live up to what our parents expect of us.我们决不辜负父母亲对我们的期望。
Did the TV play live up to your expectations?这部电视剧有你期望的那样好吗?
（与on, off连用）靠…生活
The minority in the primitive forest used to live on a diet of wild animals.
原始森林里的少数民族过去用野兽作为主食。
I live off the money from my first book.我靠我第一本书赚的钱生活。
Unit 8
1 aid n.帮助；援助
first aid急救
帮助者；有帮助的事物
An English-Chinese Dictionary is an important aid in learning the English.
一本英汉词典是学习英语的重要工具。
Vt\vi .帮助；援助
I aided him with money.我资助了他。
They aided in solving the problem.他们帮忙解决这个问题。
by the aid of借助于, 通过...的帮助
with the aid of借助于, 通过...的帮助
come to sb.'s aid前来[去]援助某人
in aid of用以援助...; 作为援助...之用
2 recommend
vt. 推荐；推举
Can you recommend a good dictionary?你能介绍一本好词典吗？
劝告；忠告 [O2][+v-ing][+that]
I recommend you to comply with safety regulations.我劝你遵守安全规则。
I recommend you to wait.我劝你等一等。
（与to连用）交付；托付
The dying man recommended his soul to God.这垂危病人把灵魂交付上帝。
recommend a child to sb.把小孩子托给某人照管
3 witness cn.(=eyewitness)目击者; (在法庭上经过宣誓的)证人 [(+of/to)]
Un [主要用于give witness, bear witness]证据, 证明; 证词+to)]
a witness of the accident事件的目击者
She gave witness on behalf of the accused person.她替被告作证。
vt., vi.亲眼看见，目睹
He witnessed the accident.他亲眼看见那个意外事故。
（常与for, againt,to连用）作证；连署
None could witness that he was present.没有人能证明他在场。
witness against [for] the accused证明被告有罪[无罪]
He witnessed to the facts.他为事实作证 。
表示；表明
His tears witnessed the shame he felt.他的眼泪说明他感到羞愧。
bear false witness against sb.作对某人不利的伪证
bear witness to构成...的证据;为...作证, 证明
call... to witness请...证明; 传...做证人
give witness on behalf of sb.为某人作证
in witness of作为...的证明, 为...作证
4 silent, quiet, still, calm, noiseless
silent主要指人“沉默的,不出声的”，但不一定无活动。
quiet意为“安静的,宁静的”，指人时表示生性安静，不易激动；用于自然环境时，指没有干扰活动、没有喧闹声的寂静状态。
still意为“安静的，不动的”，不指心理状态，指环境和人“静的，静止的”状态。
calm意为“镇静的，平静的”，主要指人“沉着镇定”，指自然界“无风无浪”。
noiseless意为“声音很轻的，无声的”,常用来形容机器。
Exercises:（1）This is a ______ typewriter.
（2）In order not to lose the job, he kept _____ about the matter.
（3）It is a ______ place；I enjoy living here.
（4）Mary is a ______ girl.
（5）He remained ______ in face of danger.
（6）Stand ______ while I take a photo of you.
（7）We visited Beijing in ______ weather.
答案：（1）noiseless （2）silent （3）quiet （4）quiet （5）calm （6）still （7）calm
5 panic n.恐慌,惊慌[C\U]
Rumours of an imminent earthquake started a panic.谣传即将发生地震引起了一阵恐慌。
feel panic感到惊慌
be in a panic在惊慌中
be seized with a panic惊慌失措
cause a panic引起恐慌
a.恐慌的;起于恐慌的 a panic fear莫明其妙的恐慌
vt.使恐慌（常与into连用）
The idea might panic the investors.这个想法可能会使投资者惶恐不安。
The banks were panicked into selling dollars.银行惊恐地抛售美元。
vi.十分惊慌[(+at/over)]
"Don't panic, boys; there's no danger.""不要慌,孩子们;没有危险。"
6 Respond vi.作答,回答[(+to)]
Has she responded to your letter?她有没有回过你的信?
作出反应;响应[(+to/by/with)]
The government has responded to pressure and dropped the proposal.
政府已在压力下放弃了这一建议。
(对治疗等)有良好反应;(对操纵等)作出灵敏反应[(+to)]
The patient is responding well to treatment.病人对治疗反应良好。
Response n.回答, 响应, 反应
in response to响应, 反应
make no response不回答
7 slight adj.轻微的, 微小的
I have a slight headache.我有点轻微的头疼。
a slight difference微小的区别
vt.轻[蔑]视;玩忽, 怠慢
feel slighted感觉受到轻蔑
slight one's work玩忽职守
make slight of轻视
not in the slightest一点不, 完全不
put a slight on [upon] sb.蔑视某人; 慢待[轻视]某人
slight over轻视; 草率从事
8 match vt.\Vi
使较量,使比赛[(+against/with)]
Read will be matched against Stone in the semifinal.里德将在半决赛中与斯通较量。
敌得过,比得上[(+for/in)]
His latest film doesn't match his previous ones.他最新的一部影片比不上他以前的一些影片。
These two are well matched in strength.他们俩势均力敌。
和...相配,和...相称
The color of the shirt does not match that of the tie.衬衫的颜色与领带不相配。
The curtains do not match with the decoration.窗帘与室内装璜不相配。
使比较;使成对,使相配[(+with)]
Can you match this fabric?你能找一块和这相配的布吗?
n.比赛, 竞赛;对手; 相似的人[物], 相配的人[物]
You are no match for him.你不是他的对手。
9 catch fire：着火
Eg. The house caught fire. 房子着火了。
相关归纳：（1）（be） on fire着火
Eg. When he arrived, he found the house was still on fire.他到的时候，发现那幢房子还在烧。
（2）make a fire生火
Eg. They made a fire to keep warm. 他们生火取暖。
（3）start/light a fire点火
Eg. They started a fire to be seen by the rescuing team.他们点火好让援救队看见。
（4）put out the fire扑灭大火
Eg. The fire had been put out before the firemen arrived.
消防队员还未赶到大火就被扑灭了。
（5）set...on fire/set fire to纵火，放火烧
Eg. The Japanese set fire to his house.日本人烧了他的家。
注意：fire所构成的短语中定冠词、不定冠词、零冠词的使用。
play with fire玩火；冒险
under fire受到攻击
10 count vt., vi.
点数；数；算to count from 1 to 100从1数到100
计算；清点；总计达…Count these apples.清点一下这些苹果。
认为；视为；看作[(+as/among)]
count it an honor (to do sth.)（把做某事）引以为荣
You should count yourself fortunate in having good health.
你身体健康,这就算幸运了
有价值；重要；有用Every second counts.每一秒钟都很重要。
In sport what really counts is not the winning but the playing.
就运动而言,重要的不是赢,而是参与。
count down倒数计时
count on依靠;指望；期待 (= count upon) count out 〈拳击〉宣告失败
11 free from
v.解除
ph.没有;免于;无...之忧;无...之搀杂
12 upside down adv.颠倒, 混乱
13 roll over(睡时)翻身, 反侧