Unit 11 Scientific achievement
Language points.
1．constitution 1) 宪法
the Constitution of the United States / the American Constitution
2) 体格，体质
He has a weak constitution
3) 构造，构成
the constitution of starch (淀粉的构成)
2．achievement (U)取得，完成
（C）成就，成绩
（V）achieve
development government movement equipment
vt 完成 达到（目的），得到
1） By hard working we can achieve anything.
2） We have achieved success in developing the product.
3．Mankind 人类 manmade (adj)
Manly 有男子气概的；刚强的
4．in store(for sb./sth.):coming in the future;about to happen
e.g.There is a surprise in store for you.
I can see trouble in store.
5．Likely
1) be likely to do sth 很可能（发生某种情况）
Our team is likely to win the game.
2) it is likely that + 从句
It is likely that we’ll go on a picnic in the forest tomorrow.
辨析：likely, possible与probable
Likely 常用词，指“从表面现象看很有可能”
Possible 指“由于有适当的条件和方法，某事可能发生或做到”，强调“客观上有可能”，但“实际希望很小”。
Probable 语气比possible 强，指“有根据、合情理、值得相信的事物，带有大概，很可能的意思”
Likely 之后常跟不定式（be likely to do sth） 而possible与probable之后通常不跟不定式；
Likely 的主语可以是人，而possible与probable的主语不能是人。
6．Set up
1) 建立，成立
Set up home
Edison set up a chemical lab of his own at the age of ten.
2) 树立起来
Let’s set up the tent first.
3) 使（自己或他人）从事某职业（as）
He has set himself up as a bookseller.
他开始经营书籍。
Set about doing sth 着手做 set out to do sth
Set an example
Set fire to 点火；放火
Set off 出发，动身
Set foot in (on) 登上；涉足；访问
set foot in/on sth.:enter or visit(a place);arrive
e.g.Don’t ever set foot in this house again!
Who was the first man to set foot on the moon.
7．Private adj 私人的；私立的；不公开的
Private property
Private school
a private door 便门
in private 在私下，秘密地
in public 公开地
8．Grasp vt
1) 抓住
Grasp sb by the arm
2) (= understand ) 掌握， 领会
Grasp sb’s meaning
3) n (常用单数) 紧握；把握；理解；理解力
Beyond sb’s grasp 力量达不到
Grasp all, lose all. 样样都要，全数失掉。
Within sb’s grasp 力量达得到
9．Master n 硕士；（男）主人；能手；雇主；大师
Mistress n 女主人
Masterless adj 无主的
Mastermind n 非常聪明的人
Masterkey n 万能钥匙
Masterpiece(masterwork) n 杰作
The master of the house 家长
Master and man雇主与雇工
A master in literature 文学大师
Master of Arts (MA) 文学硕士
Master of Science (MS) 理学硕士
Bachelor 学士 doctor 博士
Vt 掌握；精通；控制；统治
Master a foreign language
Man can master nature.
10. perfect adj 理想的；完美的；绝对的；完全的；（动词的）完成的
His reading is perfect.
He is a perfect stranger to us.
The perfect tense
Vt 使完美
They worked hard to perfect their dance.
Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧
Be perfect in English 精通英语
11．arrange
Vt 安排，筹划；整理，布置
1） We have arranged a party.
2） He arranged the books on the shelf.
N arrangement
(C pl) 安排；准备工作
（U，C）整理；排列；布置
12. have an effect on 对……产生影响
Take effect 开始生效；开始实行
In effect = in fact 实际上
13.rely on / upon : depend on…依赖，依靠；信赖，信任
We should rely on our own efforts.
我们应该自力更生。
You may rely on it that she won’t be late.
你可以放心，她不会迟到的。
14．make it clear （that）…表明，讲清楚
e.g. She made it clear that she objected to the proposal.
She made clear her objections.
15．Failure (v fail) 失败(U)，失败的人或事（C）
Failure is the mother of success.
He is a failure as an artist, but a success as an art teacher.
他不是一个成功的艺术家，但是个成功的美术老师。
16．come to life: back to normal state,esp. of mind
苏醒过来，恢复生气，活跃起来
After three hours’ saving,the injured man came to life.
When I mentioned our plans for a trip abroad, the kids came back to life at once.
17. mark
N 痕迹；符号；商标；分数；特征
An ink mark
A question mark
Full marks
Make a mark 作标记
Vt 做标记；留痕迹于；表明；批分数，评成绩
A dirt road marked with footprints 留有脚印的泥路
be marked with 标着……；(人、动物等身上)具有
Her face is marked with sadness. 她面露悲哀。
mark examination papers.
18. outstanding
1) 杰出的，突出的 （ stand out ）
一名杰出的学生 an outstanding student
2) 未完结的；未清的；未付的
Outstanding debts 未付清的欠款
19．Breakthrough n 重大突破，突围；突破性的发现，成就
A military breakthrough 军事突破
A scientific breakthrough 科学成就
20．enable
en-使+able能……的
enrich enlarge
strengthen strength(力量)+ en (使) vt 加强，增强 vi 变强
they strengthened the city wall..
the wind strengthened.
Deep--deepen
Sharp-sharpen
Wide--widen
21. organ n 器官；风琴；机构，机关
The eyes are the organ of sight.
State organs
A government organ
Adj organic 有机物的；有机体的
N organism (C)生物，有机体，有机组织
Vt organize 组织
N organization 团体，机构，组织
22. put forward 提出（建议、意见）；推荐，提名
He put forward a better plan.
We put her forward as chairman of the committee.
23. aim (sth) at sth/doing sth (把……)瞄准；目的在于；企图
He aimed his gun at the target.
Those girls worked out every morning, aiming at losing weight.