知识梳理
Ⅰ.网络构建
词汇 单词 disagree depend press throughout add latest *feature remind appointment obey dare case *emergency whatever particular *interview department electricity wonder defeat force succeed *skip fur lead *jungle *enviroment tour act measure *adapt *original devote common valuable reduce *respond *amount package flat material topic organize brief
词组 stay in touch with call for in case of according to take over break down in danger die out lead to as a result of take measures adapt to make a difference devote...to at present set free in the wild throw away
语法 被动语态 复习直接引语和间接引语
Ⅱ.重点精讲
●重点单词
1.depend
例句集锦
（1）He was the sort of person you could depend on.
他是你可以信赖的人。
He knew he could depend on her to deal with the situation.
他知道他可以依靠她来应付这种局面。
（2）You shouldn’t listen to rumour.You can depend on me.
不要听信谣言，你要相信我。
Can we depend on you/your coming in on Sunday?
我们能指望你星期天来参加吗？
You can depend on her to be late.
她保准迟到。
（3）Does the quality of teaching depend on class size?
教学质量取决于班级的人数吗？
It would depend on the circumstances.
这要视情况而定。
We might need more food depending on how many people turn up.
我们可能还需要些食物，不过还应看到场的人数。
（4）The community depends on the shipping industry for its survival.
这个地区靠航运业维持生活。
I don’t want to depend too much on my parents.
我不想过度依赖父母。
用法归纳
*depend总是与on或upon连用。主要义项有：（1）依靠，信赖；（2） 确信，相信，指望；（3）受……的影响，由……决定，取决于；（4）需要，依靠（提供资金、帮助等）。
相关归纳
（1）That depends/It（all）depends.
那得看情况定。
-Is he coming?他来吗？
-That depends.He may not have the time.
那要看情况。他不一定有时间。
I don’t know if we can help -it all depends.
我不知道我们能不能帮上忙，一切都得看情况而定。
I might not go.It depends how tired I am.
我不一定去，这要看我有多累。
-Your job sounds fun.
你的工作听起来很有乐趣。
-It depends what you mean by“fun”.
这要看你说的“乐趣”是什么意思。
（2）depend on/upon it 请相信，没问题（用于句首或句尾）
Depend on it（=you can be sure）,we won’t give up.
请相信，我们决不会放弃。
This will ruin your health,depend upon it.
这肯定会把你的身体搞坏。
You may depend upon it that all the goods will be delivered in time.
请放心，所有的货物都会准时交付。
2.remind
例句集锦
I’m sorry,I’ve forgotten your name.Can you remind me?
对不起，我忘了你的名字。请提醒我一下好吗？
-Don’t forget the camera.
别忘了带相机。
-Remind me about it nearer the time.
到时候再提醒我一下。
Remind me to phone Alan before I go out.
提醒我在出去之前给埃伦打电话。
Can someone remind what I should do next?
谁能告诉我下一步该做什么？
You remind me of your father when you say that.
你说这样的话，使我想起了你的父亲。
That smell reminds me of France.
这股气味使我想起了法国。
用法归纳
*remind v.主要义项为：提醒；使想起。作“使想起”解时，常用remind sb. of sb./sth.，意为“使想起（类似的人、地方、事物等）”。
3.wonder
例句集锦
v.
I wonder who she is.我想知道她是谁。
I was just beginning to wonder where you were.
我刚才正琢磨你上哪儿去了。
I wonder if you can help me.
不知你是否能帮我的忙？
She wondered at her own stupidity.
她没想到自己竟会这么愚蠢。
Many people wonder at the beauty of nature around them.
很多人赞美身边大自然的美。
I wonder that he didn’t hurt himself jumping over that wall.
我纳闷他怎么从那墙上跳过去竟没摔伤自己。
I don’t wonder you’re tired.You’ve had a busy day.
你累了，我一点都不奇怪，你已经忙了一整天了。
n.
She gazed down in wonder at the city spread below her.
她俯视展现在眼前的城市，惊叹不已。
The Great Wall is one of the wonders of the world.
长城是世界奇迹之一。
You’re a wonder!I would never have thought of doing that.
你真神了!我从来想不到该那样做。
Have you seen the boy wonder play yet?
你看过那场神童表演没有？
用法归纳
*wonder可以用作动词和名词。作动词时，主要义项有：想知道；想弄明白；琢磨；感到诧异；非常惊讶。作名词时，主要义项有：惊讶；惊奇；惊叹；奇迹；奇观；奇妙之处；能人；奇才。
相关归纳
（1）no wonder 或It’s no/little/small wonder（that）...不足为奇；并不奇怪
It is little wonder（that）she was so upset.
她如此心烦意乱，并不奇怪。
No wonder you’re tired,you’ve been walking for hours.
难怪你累了，你一直走了好几个小时。
（2）It’s a wonder（that）...令人惊奇的是；莫名其妙的是
It’s a wonder（that）more people weren’t hurt.
奇怪的是没有更多的人受到伤害。
（3）do wonders（for sb./sth.）（为某人/替某事）创造奇迹；产生神奇作用
The news had done wonders for our moral.
这消息大大振奋了我们的士气。
（4）work wonders 创造奇迹；取得优异的成绩；产生良好的效果
Her new diet and exercise programme had worked wonders for her.
她新的饮食和锻炼计划对她产生了奇效。
4.succeed v.
success n.
例句集锦
You have to work hard if you are to succeed.
要想有所作为，你必须苦干。
Probably he will succeed Tom as our manager.
他可能接替汤姆任经理。
Their early success was succeeded by a period of miserable failure.
他们起初获得成功，但随后有一段惨痛失败的时期。
He is a great success as a teacher.
=He is successful as a teacher.
他教书很成功。
What’s the secret of your success?
你成功的秘诀是什么？
I didn’t have much success in finding a job.
我找工作没什么结果。
用法归纳
*succeed的主要义项有：到达目的；办到；做成；成功；有作为；接替；继任。
*success的主要义项有：（1）（不可数名词）成功，胜利，发财，成名；（2）（可数名词）成功的人或事物。
相关归纳
（1）succeed in sth.在……方面成功
I did not succeed in my first lecture.
我第一次讲课不成功。
（2）succeed in doing sth.=manage to do sth.
成功做成某事
They succeeded in climbing to the top of the mountain.
他们成功登上了山顶。
He succeeded in getting a place at art school.
他被艺术学校录取了。
I tried to discuss it with her but only succeeded in making her angry.
我本想跟她商量，结果却把她惹火了。
5.lead
例句集锦
v.
He led us out into the grounds.
他领我们进了庭院。
He led the horse back into the stable.
他把马牵回了马厩。
Which door leads to the yard?
哪扇门通向庭院？
The track led us through a wood.
我们沿着小路穿过树林。
The department led the world in cancer research.
这个系在癌症研究方面走在世界前列。
The champion is leading by 18 seconds.
冠军领先了18秒。
Who will lead the party in the next election?
下一届选举谁来领导这个党？
n.
She took the lead in the second lap.
她在第二圈时领先。
He has gone into the lead.
他已处于领先地位。
He managed to hold a lead of two seconds over his closest rival.
他比跟的最紧的对手勉强领先两秒钟。
The polls have given Labour of five-point lead.
投票选举中工党领先五个百分点。
用法归纳
*lead可以用作动词和名词。作动词时，主要义项有：带路；领路；引领；通向；通往；处于首位；处于领先地位；领导。 作名词时，主要义项有：领先地位；领先的距离；超前量。
相关归纳
（1）lead to 导致；造成（后果）
Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.
食过多的糖会引起健康问题。
This crisis led to the downfall of the government.
这一危机使政府倒台了。
（2）lead sb. to sth. 使得出（观点）
What led you to this conclusion?
你是如何得出这个结论的？
●重点短语
1.stay in touch（with）=keep in touch（with）（与……）保持联系
例句集锦
The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family.
答案似乎是：我们需要与朋友和家人一直保持联系。
Here is my card.Let’s keep in touch.
这是我的名片，咱们保持联系。
相关归纳
（1）get in touch with sb.与某人取得联系
（2）lose touch with sb.与某人失去联系
（3）be in touch with sb.与某人有联系
（4）be out of touch with sb.与某人没有联系
例如：
Are you still in touch with your classmates from college?
你和大学的同学还有联系吗？
We have been out of touch with them for about two years.
我们与他们失去联系大约两年了。
They have lost touch with the astronauts in the spaceship.They are trying to get in touch with them again.
他们已经与飞船上的宇航员失去了联系，他们正在设法与他们取得联系。
特别提示
由touch构成的词组中，touch前不用冠词。
2.call for
（1）+sth.需要，（公开）要求；（2）+sb.（去）接
例句集锦
The situation calls for prompt action.
目前的形势需要立即采取行动。
They called for the immediate release of hostages.
他们要求立即释放人质。
The opposition have called for him to resign.
反对派已要求他辞职。
I’ll call for you at seven o’clock.
七点钟我来接你。
相关归纳
（1）call at（火车等）停靠；（短时间）停留
This train calls at almost every station.
这列火车几乎每个站都停。
Does this liner call at Hong Kong?
这艘客轮在香港停吗？
（2）call in 收回；叫来；请来；来访；打电话来
Call in a doctor at once.
马上把医生请来。
Cars with serious faults have been called in by the manufacturers.
有严重缺陷的汽车已被制造商召回。
Call in this evening if you can.
如果可能今晚请来一趟。
Several people have called in sick today.
今天有几个人打电话请病假。
（3）call off 取消；停止进行
They have called off their engagement.
他们已经解除婚约。
He phoned me and called the appointment off.
他给我打电话取消了这次约会。
（4）call on sb.拜访；看望（某人）
Call on them this evening if you can.
如果可能今晚你去看看他们。
I have formed the habit of calling on him in the evening.
我每天晚上都到他那儿去，这已养成了习惯。
（5）call on/upon sb.to do sth.请（叫）某人做某事；号召某人做某事
I now call upon the chairman to address the meeting.
现在请主席向大会致辞。
（6）call sb.up打电话给；征召入伍
I’ll call you up about seven o’clcok.
我7点左右给你打电话。
When the war broke out,they were at once called up.
战争一爆发，他们就立即被征召入伍了。
3.in case of假使；如果发生……
例句集锦
In case of fire,ring the alarm bell.
如遇火险，即按警铃。
Having a cell phone also makes us feel safer,since we can call for help in case of an emergency.
手里有手机，我们会感到更安全，因为遇到紧急情况，我们可以随时求救。
相关归纳
（1）in this/that case 如果这样（那样）的话；既然那样
-I’ve made up my mind.
我已经拿定主意。
-In that case,there’s no point discussing it.
既然如此，讨论这件事就毫无意义。
He might not come this evening.In that case,we won’t hold the party.
他今晚可能来不了，如果那样的话，我们就不开晚会了。
（2）in case（that）假使；免得；以防万一
You’d better take the keys in case I’m out.
你最好带上钥匙以防我不在家。
In case it rains,I won’t come back tonight.
假使下雨，今晚我就不回来了。
In case you’re wondering why Joe’s here -let me explain.
我来解释一下吧，免得你奇怪为什么乔在这儿。
You probably won’t need to call -but take my number,just in case.
你可能不需要打电话，不过还是记下我的电话号码，以防万一。
特别提示
in case（that）引导条件状语从句时，从句中用一般现在时表示将来。
（3）in any case 无论如何；不管怎样
In any case you mustn’t tell a lie.
无论什么情况，你都不该撒谎。
There’s no point complaining now-we’re leaving tomorrow in any case.
现在抱怨毫无意义，反正明天我们就要离开了。
（4）in no case（=never）绝不
特别提示
in no case放在句首时，句子采用部分倒装语序。
We will in no case use nuclear weapons first.
=In no case will we use nuclear weapons first.
我们绝不首先使用核武器。
4.according to 据（……所说）；按（……所报道）；依照；按照
例句集锦
According to Mick,it’s a great movie.
据米克说，这是一部了不起的电影。
You’ve been absent six times,according to our records.
根据我们的记录，你已经缺席六次了。
Everything went according to the plan.
一切均按照计划进行。
5.in danger在危险中
例句集锦
Children’s lives are in danger every time they cross this road.
孩子们每次过这条马路都面临着生命危险。
The building is in danger of collapsing.
这栋建筑有垮塌的危险。
How many factory workers are in danger of losing their jobs?
有多少产业工人可能失业？
He had a car accident and his life was in danger.
他遭遇车祸，有生命危险。
相关归纳
（1）be out of danger 脱险
Doctors said she is now out of danger.
医生说她已脱离危险。
（2）be dangerous 危险的
The traffic here is very dangerous for children.
这里的交通对孩子来说很危险。
The prisoners who escaped are violent and dangerous.
这些逃犯残暴而危险。
6.as a result of由于……的结果
例句集锦
She died as a result of injuries.
她由于受伤而死亡。
As a result of the fire,thousands of people lost their homes.
由于那场大火，数千人失去了家园。
相关归纳
as a result 结果
He was caught in the rain.As a result,he had a bad cold.
他挨了雨淋，结果患了重感冒。
He made one big mistake,and as a result,lost his job.
他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。
7.devote oneself to 致力于；献身于；专心
例句集锦
She devoted herself to her career.
她全力倾注于自己的事业。
Professor Stevenson has devoted himself to protecting the milu deer.
史蒂文森教授献身于保护麋鹿的工作。
After he graduated he continued to devote himself to research.
毕业以后他继续致力于研究工作。
相关归纳
（1）devote...to...把（时间、精力等）用于
I could only devote two hours a day to work on the project.
我一天只能在这个项目上花两个小时。
She devoted her life to helping homeless children.
她把一生用来帮助无家可归的孩子们。
（2）be devoted to 喜爱；疼爱；忠于；致力于
They are devoted to their children.
他们深爱着自己的孩子。
Her son,to whom she was so devoted,died in fighting the flood.
她非常疼爱的儿子在抗洪中牺牲了。
Some of them were devoted to the study of natural science.
他们有些人专门研究自然科学。
8.cut down 砍倒；病死；减少
例句集锦
When the farmers cut down trees,tigers can no longer hide and hunt.
农民把树砍倒后，老虎无法藏身和猎食。
You should try your best to cut down the accident rate.
你们应该尽力减少事故。
We need to cut the article down to 1000 words.
我们得把这篇文章压缩到1000字。
相关归纳
（1）cut up 切碎；剪碎；摧毁
He cut up the meat on his plate.
他在盘子里把肉切成小块。
They have cut down a tall tree and now they are cutting it up.
他们已经把一棵大树砍倒，现在正在把它截断。
He was badly cut up in the fight.
他在斗殴中被打得遍体鳞伤。
（2）cut away 剪去；砍掉；割掉；切除
They cut away all the dead branches from the tree.
他们把这棵树上的枯枝全部砍掉了。
（3）cut off 砍下来；切断；阻碍；阻挡；堵塞
He had his two fingers cut off in an accident at work.
他在一次工伤事故中被切断了两根手指。
The new factory cut off our view of the hills.
新建的工厂挡住了我们观山景的视线。
The army was cut off from its base.
那支部队与基地失去了联系。
（4）cut out 剪下；删除
You’d better cut out the last paragraph of your composition.
你最好把作文的最后一段删除。
（5）cut through 抄近路；开辟（出路或通道）
They used a machete to cut through the bush.
他们用砍刀在灌木丛中开辟出一条路。
I came by cutting through the lane.我抄近路来的。
●必背句型
1.be worth+doing 值得做……
教材原句
That’s worth thinking about.
那值得考虑。
特别提示
（1）该结构中应使用动名词的主动式，不可使用被动式。
（2）“很值得……”用be well worth，不可用very或quite。
（3）be worth+表示钱数的名词或相当于“代价”的比喻性名词，意为“值（多少钱）；值得”。
补充例句
Our house is worth about $100 000.
我们的房子大约值十万美圆。
How much is this painting worth?
这幅画值多少钱？
If you answer this question correctly,it’s worth five points.
答对了这道题可以得五分。
The museum is certainly worth a visit.
这家博物馆的确值得参观。
This idea is well worth considering.
这个想法很值得考虑。
相关归纳
（1）be worthy of+n.
（2）be worthy of being done
（3）be worthy to be done
A number of the report’s findings are worthy of note.
这份报告里有些调查结果值得注意。
The article is worthy of careful study.
=The article is worthy of being studied carefully.
=The article is worthy to be studied carefully.
=The article is worth studying carefully.
这篇文章值得细读。
2.no matter引导的状语从句
教材原句
The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family no matter where we are or what we are doing.
=The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in touch with friends and family wherever we are or whatever we are doing.
答案似乎是：无论我们在何处或正在做什么，我们都需要与朋友和家人一直保持联系。
特别提示
（1）no matter与who,what,where,when或how连用，可以用来引导状语从句，该状语从句等于该“疑问词+ever”引导的状语从句。
（2）no matter who（what...）引导的状语从句中，多用现在时表示将来的动作。
补充例句
They don’t last long no matter how careful you are.
=They don’t last long however careful you are.
不管你如何仔细，他们都维持不了多久。
Call me when you get there,no matter what the time is.
=Call me when you get there,whatever the time is.
无论什么时候，你到了那里就给我打电话。
No matter who telephones,say I’m out.
=Whoever telephones,say I’m out.
不管谁来电话，都说我出去了。
No matter where you go,you’ll find Coca-Cola.
=Wherever you go,you’ll find Coca-Cola.
不管你走到哪里，都会看到可口可乐。
No matter what you say,I won’t believe you.
=Whatever you say,I won’t believe you.
不管你说什么，我决不相信你说的话。
3.whatever等引导的名词性从句
教材原句
She says that her cell phone helps her do whatever she wants to do and still stay in touch with her parents and friends.
她说手机使她想做什么就做什么，而同时又与父母和朋友随时保持联系。
特别提示
whatever,whoever等可以引导名词性从句，而no matter what，no matter who等不可。
补充例句
He may eat whatever you give him.
你给他什么他吃什么。
Take whatever action is needed.
采取必要的任何行动。
Whoever says that is a liar.
说那话的人是个骗子。
Send it to whoever is in charge of sales.
把这寄给负责销售的人。
Choose whichever brand you prefer.
挑选你喜欢的牌子。
Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize.
你们谁第一个到达这里谁就获奖。
疑难突破
1.as many as,as much as
as many as意为“多达……；……之多”,常用在人或物的具体数量前，结构为：as many as+数词+复数名词。as much as常用在“雨量、水量、时间量、重量、钱数、价格”等方面，表示“总量”和“单位量”的大小，结构为：as much as+数词+复数名词。
应用
（1）______ 250 000 people lost their homes in the earthquake.
（2）The rain is plentiful here,often ______ seventy inches every year.
（3）At the job,she could earn ______ eighty dollars a week.
（4）The civil war in that country lasted ______ 16 years.
答案：（1）As many as （2）as much as （3）as much as （4）as much as
2.much too,too much,too many
too much可独立作状语、主语、宾语或表语；又可作定语，修饰不可数名词。
too many可作定语，修饰可数名词。
much too只能用于修饰形容词或副词，不可修饰动词。
应用
（1）The car is ______expensive for an ordinary family in China.
（2）You drank ______ last night.
（3）You eat ______ sugar every day.It’s bad for your health.
（4）It’s ______hot today.
（5）What you said is ______ for the girl.
（6）They have______difficulties to settle.
（7）A species may also die out if humans or animals use ______ of a plant or kill ______ animals.
答案：（1）much too （2）too much （3）too much （4）much too （5）too much （6） too many （7） too much,too many
3.agree on,agree with,agree to
agree on表示在某一点上达成协议或取得一致意见。
agree with表示同意、赞成某人说的话，后接sb.或wh-从句，或表达意见、想法、观点、决定的词（opinion,view,idea,decision）。还可表示“与……一致;适合”,此时，主语一般不是表人的词。
agree to后接计划、安排、建议、条件等词（plan,arrangement,suggestion,terms）。
agree to do表示“同意做某事”。
应用
（1）I ______what he said.
（2）After a further discussion,both sides ______ the date for the next meeting.
（3）They didn’t ______each other on that point.
（4）A verb should ______its subject in number and person.
（5）At last the teacher ______ give him another chance.
（6）Do you ______the arrangement?
（7）They all ______the matter.
答案：（1）agree with （2）agreed on （3）agree with （4）agree with （5）agreed to （6）agree to （7）agreed on
典例剖析
【例1】 （2004年江苏，35）-How long are you staying?
-I don’t know.______.
A.That’s OK B.Never mind C.It depends D.It doesn’t mind
剖析：本题考查交际用语。根据题意，最佳答案为 C项。It depends.意为：“那得看情况定。”全句意思为：“你打算待多久？”“不知道，那得看情况而定。”参见“重点单词1”。
答案：C
【例2】 （2004年广东，24）It is ______ any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.
A.no B.such C.nearly D.hardly
剖析：It’s no wonder that表示“难怪……”。题干中wonder前有any，所以不能再用no，故排除A项；such和nearly又不能与any连用，故排除B、C两项；hardly可以与any连用，因此最佳答案为D。
答案：D
【例3】 （2004年浙江，28）-Brand was Jane’s brother!
-______ he reminded me so much of Jane!
A.No doubt B.Above all C.No wonder D.Of course
剖析：no wonder+句子=It is/was no wonder+句子，意为“难怪……”。
答案：C
【例4】 （2004年湖北，27）You should try to get a good night’s sleep ______ much work you have to do.
A.however B.no matter C.although D.whatever
剖析：本题考查连词的用法。B项no matter 后缺连词，故排除；从句意看，主从句存在让步关系，因此最佳答案为A。however much work=no matter how much work，全句意思为：无论你有多少工作要做，晚上你都要设法睡个好觉。
答案：A
【例5】 （2004年北京，27）The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ______ by 2006.
A.has been completed B.has completed
C.will have been compeleted D.will have complete
剖析：从题干的逻辑关系看，本题应该使用被动语态，故排除B、D两项；由时间状语by 2006可知，应该使用将来完成时的被动语态，表示从将来某一时间看已经完成的动作。
答案：C
补充：
【例1】 （2004年浙江，26）More patients ______ in hospital this year than last year.
A.treated B.have treated
C.had been treated D.have been treated
剖析：patients与treat之间存在被动关系，应使用被动语态，故排除A项和B项；由时间状语this year可判断，应使用现在完成时态，故选D。
答案：D
【例2】 （2000 年春季北京）John may phone tonight,I don’t want to go out ______ he phones.
A.in case B.in that case C.so that D.in time
剖析： in that case 和in time后面不能接从句;so that后面的从句应加情态动词。故选A。
答案：A