第十二章 状语从句
在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词的从句叫状语从句。
状语从句根据它表达的意思不同可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、条件状语从句、比较状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和原因状语从句等。状语从句如果放在主句前通常用逗号分开。
高考重点要求：
1、状语从句的各种类型，并正确使用从属连词
2、状语从句中的时态表达法
第一节 知识点概述
一、时间状语从句
由连接词when、while、before、after、since、until(till) 、as soon as、as等引导
例如：When it rains , the children will play indoors .
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
The moment the bell rang, all the students stood at attention.
二、地点状语从句
地点状语从句由where, wherever引导。
例如：Make a mark where you have any questions.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
三、条件状语从句
由连接词if, as long as, on condition that , supposing 等引导。如果主句用一般将来时，从句应用一般现在时。
例如：As long as you keep on trying , you’ll certainly succeed.
We will let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.
四、比较状语从句
由连接词as…as、than、not so…as…等引导。
例如：He speaks English much better than any other student in his class.
五、目的状语从句
由so that… , in order that , lest , in case , for fear that 等引导的从句的谓语动词常与can , may , could , might , should 等情态动词连用。
例如：Take an umbrella in case it should rain.
Ask him to hurry up with these letters in order that I can sign them.
六、结果状语从句
由that, so that…或such…that引导。
例如：It is such a difficult problem that nobody can work it out.
七、方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as，（just）as…so, as if (though). As引导的方式状语从句通常位于句首。As在句中带有比喻的含义，意思是“正如……， 就像…… ”。
例如：It looks as if the whether may clear up very soon.
As water is to fish so air is to man.
八、让步状语从句
由连接词though, although, even if , even though, as 等引导。但要注意从句用了though主句就不能用but。
例如：Although it’s raining ,they are still working in the field.
Boy as he is , he knows what is the right thing to do.
九、原因状语从句
由because , since , as , for , now that 等引导
例如：As the weather was fine ,we decided to climb the mountain.
第二节 实战演练
一、复习时需注意的要点
1、如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner等置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：
例如：Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
2、Not until …在句首，主句用倒装。
例如：Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
3、当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。
例如：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
4、如从句表示"随时间推移"，连词能用as，不用when 或while。
例如：As the day went on, the weather got worse.
日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。
5、as, though 引导的倒装句
as / though引导的让步从句必须把表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）。句首名词不能带任何冠词。
如句首是实义动词，助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。
例如：Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
= Though he tries hard, he never seems…
虽然他尽了努力，但他的工作总做的不尽人意。
二、历届高考试题分析
例1、Generally speaking, _________ according to directions, the drug has no sid-effect.
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
答案为B。
【解析】 这是一个由when引导的时间状语从句，原句应为“Generally speaking ,when it is taken according…”。由于take用被动时，主从句主语一致，因此从句中的it was可以被省略，简化为when taken…分词短语作状语，而选A、C时则缺乏主语。译文：通常地说，当这药按照指导说明被服用的话是没有副作用的。
例2、-Dad, I've finished my assignment.
-Good ,and _________ you play or watch TV ,you mustn't disturb me.
A. whenever B. whether C. whatever D. no matter
答案为B。
【解析】 no matter不能直接引导让步状语从句，应用no matter + wh族疑问词方可，故排除D；尽管A、C都有“无论”的意思，但只有B项whether可与or连用，表示选择，即“无论你玩还是看电视，不许打扰我”。
例3、The famous scientist grew up _______ he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.
A. when B. whenever C. where D. wherever
答案为C。
【解析】 where引导的是地点状语从句。译文：这位著名的科学家在他的出生地长大，1930年他来到上海。因为在从句中有表示时间的介词短语in 1930,所以可以排除when和whenever; wherever引导让步状语，意思是“无论在哪里”，与句意不符。
例4、________, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John.
A. As long as I have traveled B. Now that I have traveled so much
C. Much as I have traveled D. As I have traveled so much
答案为C。
【解析】 这是一个让步状语从句。as在引导让步状语从句时，要把形容词或副词放在它的前面。如果是名词，一般不加冠词。如：Child as he is, he has learned two thousand new words .As long
as“只要……”引导条件状语从句；Now that“既然”引导原因状语从句；As“因为”引导原因状语从句。译文：虽然我走过了那么多地方，我从来没有见过像约翰这样有能力的人。
例5、In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they________. A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive
答案为B。
【解析】 这是一个条件状语从句，主句用了一般将来时态。在条件状语从句中，一般不能使用将来时，但能和be to do的形式连用，所以应填are to survive。译文：在如此干旱的天气里，如果你想要花成活，就得给它们浇水。
例6、The WTO cannot live up to its name _____ it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind.
A．as long as B．while C．if D．even though
答案选C。
【解析】 从句子意思可知，是一个条件状语从句。as long as“只要……”引导条件状语从句经常用肯定句，所以要填if。译文：如果WTO不包括一个占人类五分之一的国家，它就名不符实了。
例7、She found her calculator ________ she lost it.
A. where B. when C. in which D. that
答案为A。
【解析】 这是一个地点状语从句，意思是“东西是在丢的地方找到的。”in which用于定语从句中，其前必须有先行词。这个句子中没有先行词，所以不能填in which。
例8、-I'm going to the post office.
- ________you're there, can you get me some stamps?
A. As B. While C. Because D. If
答案为B。
【解析】 while引导时间状语从句，意思是“当……时”。这句话的意思是“当你在那儿的时候，是否能给我买一些邮票？”as虽然也可以引导时间状语从句，但其意思是“一边……一边……”；because引导的是原因状语从句；if引导的是条件状语从句，对方已经说明要到邮局去，不能再作假设。
例9、You should make it a rule to leave things ________you can find them again.
A. when B. where C. then D. there 答案为B。
【解析】 where引导地点状语从句。这句话的意思是“你应该作出一个规矩，把东西放在你能再找到它们的地方。”
例10、We'll have to finish the job, ________.
A. long it takes however B. it takes however long
C. long however it takes D. however long it takes 答案选D。
【解析】 however引导让步状语从句。要用陈述句的语序。
第三节 巩固练习
Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.
1. It is ___ he has behaved so badly that he must be punished.
A. as B. since C. because D. that
2. Practise as ___ as you can.
A. much B. many C. more D. hardly
3. ___ I admit that the problems are difficult, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.
A. Since B. As C. Even though D. Because
4. I will let you drive ___ you have a driving licence.
A. unless B. except C. on condition that D. so that
5. Mike acted ___ nothing had happened.
A. as B. as though C. as although D. just like
6. Roses need special care _____ they can live through winter.
A. because B. so that C. even if D. as
7. The thief ran ____ he was out of sight in a short while.
A. so fast that B. too fast that C. fast enough that D. such fast that
8. ___ you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty.
A. Before B. While C. As D. Once
9. Don’t go to the party until ____.
A. invite B. invite to C. invited to D. to invite
10.The protection device can help to eliminate the possible faults ______they cause more damage.
A. unless B. although C. until D. before
11. These two areas are similar ____ they both have a high rainfall during this season.
A. to that B. besides that C. in that D. except that
12. ____ that he is only a beginner, it is understandable for him to make such mistakes.
A. Considering B. Considered C. Consider D. To consider
13. Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded ____ other more well-informed experimenters failed.
A. which B. that C. what D. where
14. Excuse me. If your call’s not too urgent, do you mind ____ mine first.
A. I make B. if I make C. me to make D. that I make
15. ____ the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.
A. Even if B. As far as C. If only D. So long as
16. Michael used to look hurt and surprised when ____ .
A. scolding B. to scold C. having scolded D. scolded
17. I was just to go out ____ it began to rain.
A. as B. when C. after D. whole
18. I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave ____ something occurred which attracted my attention.
A. unless B. until C. when D. while
19. No sooner had we reached the top of the hill ____ we all sat down to rest.
A. when B. then C. than D. until
20. I have kept that portrait ____ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.
A. which B. where C. whether D. when
21. Richard is ____ boy that everyone in the class likes him.
A. a so bright B. so a bright C. such bright a D. so bright a
22. We’ll wait here ____ you get back.
A. soon after B. until C. as soon as D. when
23. Important ____ his discovery was, it was regarded as a matter of no account in his time.
A. for B. to C. although D. as
24. Speak to him slowly ____ he may understand better.
A. in case that B. so that C. because that D. least
25. The harder you study, ____ you will serve the people.
A. the better B. better C. the best D. the better that
26. Mr. Smith is _____ a good teacher _____ we all respect.
A. such…that B. such… as C. so…that D. so…as
27. Our profits will be good _____ the dollar remains strong.
A. if B. although C. unless D. as long as
28. _____ is mentioned above, there are more and more trade between China and America.
A. Which B. As C. That D. What
29.he took a wrong bus , ______he was a full hour late on the first day he went to work .
A. On condition that B. which C. so that D. on the ground that
30. Emily had failed many times; _____, she was confident she would succeed in the end.
A. nevertheless B. although C. therefore D. otherwise
31. Neither of them allowed the donors of the portrait to see _____ they both disliked it.
A. how B. how much C. how often D. how soon
32. We are aware that, _____, the situation will get worse.
A. if not dealing with carefully B. if dealt not carefully with
C. if not carefully dealt with D. if not carefully dealing with
33. He remained in this company, not _____ he liked the company, but that he liked the teammates he had.
A. for B. since C. as D. that
34. They looked at the national flag, _____.
A. tears appeared in their eyes B. tears appearing in their eyes
C. and tears appearing in their eyes D. when tears appearing in their eyes
35. The question was _____ to take the children to the zoo or to leave them at home.
A. how B. however C. if D. whether
36. I hurried _____ I wouldn’t be late for class.
A. because B. so that C. as if D. unless
37. We won’t give up _____ we should fail ten times.
A. even if B. since C. whether D. until
38. _____ ,he had no intention of waiting for three hours.
A. Patient although he was B. As he was patient
C. Patient as he was D. Since he was patient
39. _____ that the whole roof was blown off.
A. So was terrible the storm B. So was terribly the storm
C. So terrible was the storm D. So terribly was the storm
40. Ships carry lifeboats _____ the crew can escape _____ the ship sinks.
A. so as to… if B. so that…unless C. so that…if D. in order that…in case that
41. He hid the fragments of the vase in the drawer ______his mother should discover them .
A. afraid of B. in that C. in case D. so that
42. Earthworms occur ______adequate moisture and food and the necessary soil conditions are found.
A. however B. and C. wherever D. but
43. The old man slipped on the stairs and fell down , ______breaking his left leg.
A. so B. thus C. therefore D. hence
44. Someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up _____ I could answer the phone.
A. as B. since C. until D. before
45. What has happened ______all the audience look so excited?
A. thus B. in order that C. so as to D. that
46. The men will have to wait all day _____ the doctor works faster.
A. if B. unless C. whether D. that
47. Hundreds of jobs _____ if the factory closes.
A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose
48. -Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
-Yes. I gave it to her _____ I saw her.
A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. once
49. He is eating like a horse ______he hadn’t had a decent meal for a month.
A. since B. as if C. as D. like
50. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _____ from the university next year.
A. will graduate B. will have graduated
C. graduates D. is to graduate
责任编辑：李芳芳