第十章 名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
高考重点要求：
1、 掌握主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、表语从句的基本句型结构
2、 弄清名词性从句的连词的用法和意义
3、 根据句子语义确定使用何种从属连词
第一节 知识点概述
一、引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为两类：
1. 名词性that从句，即以that为连接词的名词性从句。that只能起连接主句和从句的作用，不充当从句的任何成分，无词义。
2. 名词性wh-从句，即以wh-词连接的名词性从句。Wh-词包括：
连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever
连接副词：when, where, how, why
连接词whether, if不充当句子的任何成分。
二、主语从句
1. 用作主语的从句叫主语从句。that从句作主语，that不能省略。
▲That he likes such kind of books is very interesting.他喜欢这种书是非常有趣的。
▲Whether he will be able to come remains a question. 他是否能够来仍然是一个问题。
▲What he is looking for is none of your business. 他在找什么与你无关。
2. 很多主语从句都可以用that作形式主语。例如：
It is very interesting that he likes such kind of books.
It remains a question whether he will be able to come.
3. It作形式主语主要包括以下几种类型和搭配关系：
1）It + be + adj. + 从句
It was obvious that the driver could not control his car.
2）It + be + n. + 从句
It is a pity that he missed the lecture.
3）It + be + 过去分词 + 从句
It is said that they have won the game.
4）It + be + vi. + 从句
It seems that something is wrong with the computer.
三、表语从句
表语从句在句中作表语，它位于主句的联系动词之后。that从句作表语，that不能省略。表语从句只用whether，不用if。
▲The problem is that smokers cannot go without smoking. 问题是抽烟的人不抽烟就会感到难受。
▲The question is whether it is worth doing. 问题是这是否值得做。
▲This is where he has worked for years. 这就是他多年工作的地方。
四、宾语从句
宾语从句在句中作宾语，引导宾语从句的that可以省略。whether和if可互换，但介词宾语或有or not时，用whether.
▲They know that the habit may kill them. 他们知道这个习惯能使他们致死。
▲They doubt whether or not Jack is a good student. 他们怀疑Jack是否是一个好学生。
▲They wanted to see which shops offered the best advice and service. 他们想了解哪家店提出的建议和提供的服务最好。
五、同位语从句
同位语从句中先行词不充当从句成分，从句是用来解释先行词的内容。That从句作同位语，that不能省略。
▲Word came that our football team had won the match. 消息传来，我们的足球队赢了比赛。
▲May I ask a question when the meeting will be held? 我能否问个问题，会议什么时候举行？
第二节 实战演练
一、复习时需注意的要点
1. 由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语
2. 主句和从句要保持时态上的一致性，从句还要保持陈述句语序。
3. 当从句是由选择问句转化而成时，一定要用whether构成whether...or结构。
4. That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
a. It + be + adj. + that从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
b. It + be + 过去分词 + that从句
It is believed that… 人们相信……
It is known to all that… 从所周知……
It has been decided that… 已决定……
c. It + be + n. + that从句 It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事实是……
d. It + be + vi. + that从句
It appears that… 似乎……
It happens that… 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
5. 选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词whether…or或whether…or not构成，例如：
Please tell me whether they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
二、历届高考试题分析
例1、_____ in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail account.
A. What is required B. What requires
C. It is required D. It requires
答案为C
【解析】 本句的结构为It is +动词的过去分词+that 引导主语从句。经常用于这种结构的动词还有say, report, think, hope, expect, consider, suggest等。
例2、There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _________ road conditions need_________.
A. that ...to be improved B. which...to be improved
C. where ...improving D .when...improving
答案为A。
【解析】 考查同位语从句。因为先行词在从句中不作任何成份，因此用关系词that，故B、C、D均不正确。对于第2个空格，need既可作实义动词，又可作情态动词。作实义动词时后跟动词不定式，即need to do sth.，另外 road conditions与improve之间是被动关系，因此是need to be improved(need to be done=need doing)。译文：私家车受欢迎所涉及到的新问题是道路状况需要改善。
例3、_________made the school proud was_________ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A. What; because B. What; that C. That; what D.That; because
答案为B。
【解析】 what引导主语从句，在主语从句中作主语；that引导表语从句，在表语从句中起连接作用。
例4、There's a feeling in me _______we'll never know what a UFO is-not ever.
A. that B. which C. of which D. what
答案为A。
【解析】 同位语从句that we'll never know what a UFO is-not ever作a feeling的同位语，解释a feeling的具体内容。that连接同位语从句时，只起连接作用不作从句的任何成分。译文：我有一个这样的感觉，我们不会知道什么是UFO--永远不会。
例5、Perseverance is a kind of quality-and that's _______ it takes to do anything well.
A. what B. that C. which D. why
答案为A。
【解析】 这是一个表语从句，what在表语从句中作takes的宾语，构成“It takes sth. to do sth.”的句型。译文：坚定不移是一种品质--坚定不移使人们做好任何事情。
例6、When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly _______he wants.
A. what B. which C. when D. that
答案为A。
【解析】 这是一个宾语从句，wants后面缺少宾语，所以要填写what。Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句谚语，意思是“永远不折不扣地给予对方他想要的东西。”译文：当你在找工作面试回答问题时，请记住这条黄金定律：永远不折不扣地给予对方他想要的东西。
例7、Information has been put forward ________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
答案为B。
【解析】 这是一个同位语从句。that引导从句作information的同位语，解释information的具体内容。注意：that和what引导名词性从句(主语、宾语、表语和同位语从句)的区别：that引导名词性从句，只起引导作用，在从句中不作成分。that引导宾语从句时，that可省略，而在其他三个从句中，that虽不作成份，一般也不省略；what在这四个名词从句中一定作成分，作主语、宾语、表语或补语。译文：有消息说，更多的中学毕业生将进入大学。
例8、What the doctors really doubt is ________ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
A. when B. how C. whether D. why
答案选C。
【解析】 这是一个表语从句。根据doubt一词可知，所怀疑的应是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。这句话的意思是“医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能从重病中很快康复。”
例9、-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
-Is that ________ you had a few days off?
A. why B. when C. what D. where
答案为A。
【解析】 这是一个why引导的表语从句，表示原因。这句话的意思是“这就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗?”
例10、________she couldn't understand was ________fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A. What...why B. That...what C. What...because D. Why...that
答案选A。
【解析】 主语从句she couldn't understand缺少宾语，要用What引导。表语从句fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons是一个完整的句子，要用why引导，意思是“为什么越来越少的学生对她的课感兴趣”。
第三节 巩固练习
Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.
1. ____ the 2012 Olympic Games will be held in Paris is not known yet
A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That
2. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey.
A. while B. that C. if D. for
3.____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A. There B. This C. That D. It
4.The whole family were worried about Jane because no one was aware ______she had gone .
A. that where B. of the place which C. of what D. of where
5._____ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter
6.____ you have done might do harm to other people.
A. That B. What C. Which D. This
7.____ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone B. The reason C. Whoever D. Who
8.____ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where
9.____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
10.The question remains ______the Party can win the majority of the people .
A. that B. if C. whether D. /
11. I remember____ this used to be a quiet village.
A. when B. how C. where D. what
12. You can’t imagine____ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they D. they were excited
13. Sarah hopes to become a friend of ____ shares her interests.
A .anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
14. Can you make sure____ the gold ring ?
A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put
C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put
15. No one can be sure ____ in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
16. Can you tell me____ ?
A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who
C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman
17. They want to know____ do to help us.
A. what can they B .what they can C. how they can D. how can they
18. Would you please tell me____ the airport ?
A. how I can get to B. how can I get to
C. where I can get to D. where I can get to
19. It was a matter of____ would take the position.
A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever
20. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see____.
A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is
21. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the school master ____ he had the day before.
A. that B. how C. where D. what
22. Go and get your coat. It’s____ you left it.
A. there B. where C .there where D. where there
23. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. ____ I got wet through.
A. It’s the reason B. That’s why C. There’s why D. It’s how
24.It is important ______you win or lose ; what matters is how you play the game .
A. whether B. as if C. whom D. that
25. There was much certainty ______the board of directors would agree to our various proposals for increasing sales.
A. which B. why C. / D. that
26. They have no idea at all____.
A. where he has gone B. there did he go
C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone
27. Greenland, ____ island in the world, covers over two million square kilometers.
A. it is the largest B. that is the largest
C. is the largest D. the largest
28.____ is no possibility____ Bob can win the first prize in the match
A. There…that B. It…that C. There…whether D. It…whether
29. We will soon discuss the problem ______we should take some effective measures to protect the animals and plants in our region.
A. if B. whether C. that D. ever since
30.____ is quite clear.
A. Where is the fighting B. Why is the fighting
C. What war is D. What is war being
31. The reason _______ he didn’t come to our party was _______ he took a missing boy back home on his way.
A. why…because B. why…that C. that…why D. that…that
32.____ that not all government officials are honest.
A. It seems to me B. In my opinion, I believe
C. My believing is D. I think in my mind
33.____ is more and less advanced can pass the test.
A. Anyone B. Who C. Whoever D. A student
34. _______ land ownership in some counties is unfair _______ obvious.
A. What…is B. Whether…are C. That…is D. If…is
35.The reason I plan to go is ____if I don’t.
A. because she will be disappointed
B. that she will be disappointed
C. because she will have a disappointment
D. on account of she will be disappointed
36. She wanted to know____.
A. whether I knew her and where did she work
B. if I know her and the factory she worked there
C. whether I knew her and the factory she worked
D. if I knew her and the factory where she worked
37. My father wouldn’t tell me____ his new car.
A. how much he paid for B. how much did he pay
C. he paid how much for D. did he pay how much
38. A simple experiment shows____ air has some strength.
A. what B. that C. which D. who
39.I can’t tell ______
A. what one my brother likes best
B. which one my brother likes best
C. that one does my brother like best
D. which one does my brother like best
40._____we are doing has never been done before.
A. That B. Which C. whether D. What
41.The book looks ____it had been out in the rain.
A. that B. whether C. as though D. what
42.She said that she ____there for two years.
A. has worked B. had worked C. was working D. worked
43. He said that he ____us
A. will help B. would help C. is helping D. helped
44. Now we have learned ____
A. what is heat B. whether heat is C. when is heat D. what heat is
45.She ____ that she lives in London.
A. said B. says C. had said D. was saying
46.I want to leave my car. Can you tell me ____near here?
A. if there is a car park B. is there a car park
C. if there is parking D. is there a parking
47.Can you tell us ____?
A. who that man is B. who is that man
C. what is that man D. Whom that man is
48.He asked me if _____?
A. he train will late B. the train always arrived late
C. the train arrives on time D. the train stops here
49.He asked me ____ I sat so still.
A. where B. how C. why D. which
50.I wonder _______.
A. how much cost these shoes B. how much do these shoes cost
C. how much these shoes cost D. how much are these shoes cost
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