语法专项之四： 非谓语动词
一．非谓语动词的语法功能：
主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语
不定式 是 是 是 是 是 是
动名词 是 是 是 是 否 否
分词 否 否 是 是 是 是
二．非谓语动词的时态和语态：
不定式 动名词 现在分词 意义 过去
分词
一般式 to do doing doing 所表动作与谓语同时发生或之后发生 仅有一种形式表示完成或被动
一般被动式 to be p.p being p.p being p.p
完成式 to have p.p. having p.p having p.p 所表动作在谓语之前发生
完成被动式 to have been p.p. having been p.p having been p.p
进行式 to be doing 无 无 与谓语同时发生
完成进行式 to have been doing 无 无 截止到谓语发生时一直进行的动作
练习一.说出下列非谓语动词在句中担当的成分.
1.To study hard is important.
2.They seemed to be talking about
something important.
3.He pretend to be waiting for someone.
4.She said she was happy to have met you.
5.He doesn’t want her to attend the meeting.
6.Is he a man to depend on?
7.The old man lived long enough to see
his son’s success.
8.Most of the students standing there are
from our class.
9.She felt very tired.
10.He saw the ground covered with snow.
11.Passing by the house,he saw a girl playing the piano.
12.Given another chance,he will succeed.
13.Not having found the wallet,he still had
some money with him.
14.A sleeping student is often one who doesn’t pay attention to what the
teacher says.
15.She bought a writing desk.
练习二：用所给动词的适当形式填空
1.Mother doesn’t allow him _____(speak)
loud in the room.
2.Students pretended_________(read)
when the teacher came in.
3.He was said ___________(be)rich=It was said that he had been rich.
4.He needs a room to ________(live)
5.I will go to Beijing tomorrow.Do you have anything ____________(buy)
6.I intended _____________(go)abroad
but I was badly short of money then.
7.________(walk)along the road,he found a wallet.
8.___________( dare not)to speak,they sat there just listening.
9._____________(live)there for many years,she knew the place well.
10.____________(have not)met her before,I can’t tell what she is like.
11.The question ___________(=which is being discussed) is very important.
12._____________(=After we had been shown around the museum),we went back home.
13.Ours is a_____________country
and theirs is a _________one. (develop)
14.She heard someone _____(close)the door.(=She heard the door _________)
15.The meeting __________(over),they went home.
16.Other things ________(consider),I prefer the first plan.
17.He was criticized for _________(not come)to class on time.
18.She is proud of __________(be rich).
19.He ws given a medal for___________
(have done)excellent work.
20.She prided herself on ___________
(give)such a good chance.
解读非谓语动词：
1.句型:主+感官动词/使役动词+宾语
v.原→做了谋事（变被动加上to）
+ doing →正在进行
p.p. →表示宾语被做
感官动词/使役动词：此类动词有：
一感：feel
二听：listen to/hear
三使：let/make/have
四让：see/watch/observe/notice
半帮助：help
练习三：用动词的适当形式填空：
1.I heard her _____(sing)the whole
English song.
2.I saw two men men _____(wear)
dark glasses ______(get out)of the car,
_______(run )across the street and ____
into a bank.
3.Paul doesn’t have to be made___(learn)
He always works hard.
4.The missing boys were last seen____
(play)near the river.
5.I almost foget ______the TV set______
(cover)up.
6.He lay in his bed with the sunlight ____
(fall)onto his face.
7.He lay in bed with the bedroom door __
(shut).
2.It is +adj+of/for+n/pron to do
（for:当adj修饰事时 of:当adj修饰人时）
e.g.1)It is difficult for some of you to give up surfing the Internet.
2)It is cruel of him to kill the cat.
3.be +to do :表示预先的安排或计划、命令
劝告等。
练习四：分析下面句子所表含义：
1)The foreign friends are to arrive this evening.
2)The plan is to be made in a week.
3)You are not to walk on the grass.
4)You are to be criticized if you do like that.
5)All the exercise-books are to be handed in after class.
4.do nothing but/except +v原
注：若but/except之前没有实义动词do,其后接to do.
你理解了吗？试试看吧！
练习五:1)Delar had nothing to do but___
(drop,to drop)herself onto the sofa and
cry.
2)He desired nothing but ___(go,to go)
home.
5.动名词与不定式的区别：
1）不定式可表示尚未发生的动作，动名词则暗示已有的经验。
2）不定式表示一次性的动作，动名词则表示习惯性的动作。
练习六1)My grandfather is a millionaire,
but_______(have)miney does not solve
all his problems.
2)She likes ______(eat)apples,but today she would not like_____(eat)one,
because there’s something something wrong with her stomach.
6.仅跟动名词做宾语的动词或短语。
enjoy, practice, risk（冒险）
excuse, imagine, can’t help（禁不住）
,consider（考虑）, mind, suggest,
delay（耽搁）, miss, give up,
put off（推迟）,burst out（突然）,
finish,deny（否认）, keep,
dislike（不喜欢）, admit（承认）,
be/get used to, 习惯
come to ,谈到
add to, look forward to盼望,
devote to献身于, stick to坚持,
lead to,get down to 开始
be sentenced to,宣判
object to,反对
be worth doing,feel like想要
7可以跟doing/todo做宾语，但意义有差别：
1)remember/forget/regret
+ to do sth. 未有体验
+ doing 已有体验
2)stop to do 停下来去做（目的状语）
stop doing 停下所做的事
3)learn to do:学会做谋事
learn doing:学习做谋事
4)go on to do:继续做另一件事
go on doing:继续做同一件事
5)try to do :=try one’s best尽力做某事
try doing:尝试做谋事
6)mean to do :想要/打算做谋事
mean doing:意思是，意味着
练习七：
1.I remember_____(keep)the maid ____
(wait)out of the office yesterday.
2.He regrets___________(not see)his
father last week.
3.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _________(rest)on a big rock by the side of the path.
4._____________(learn)________(skate)
skillfully,she went on _________(learn)
__________(swim).
5.Go on ________(do)the other exercise after you have finished this one.
6.-I usually go there by train.
---Why not try_________(go)by boat for a change.
7.Don’t forget _______(write)to me .Let’s
keep in touch.
8.I managed to stop father_____(smoke)
when he meant_______(to/todo),saying that smoking meant buying death with money.
8.分词做状语，若句子的主语与分词所表动作有主动关系，则用现在分词；若句子的主语与分词所表动作之间有被动关系，则用过去分词。
练习八:1)”Can’t you read?”Mary said ___
(angry)_______(point)to the notice.
2)_______(give)more attention,the trees could have grown better.
判断正误：
3）Being seriously ill,he was sent to hospital by his classmates.（）
4）Being seriously ill,his classmates sent
him to hospital.
5)Not having seen us for years,we could hardly recognize her.
6)Having been in Zao Zhuang for many times,he gets so familiar with the city that he can name all the streets in it.
9.独立主格结构：分词（短语）作状语，当分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，必须在分词（短语）之前保留其逻辑主语（主格），
此种分词意义上的主语与句子主语并无语法联系.通常表示时间、理由、条件、伴随状态等。
练习九：分析下列独立主格结构：
1)The shower being over,we continue our journey.
2)The work done,we felt relieved.
3)It being known she was the mother of the hero,everybody present offered her their respects.
4)All the tickets having been sold out,they went away feeling disappointed.
5)All things considered,her paper is better than yours.
6)Nobody having more to say,the meeting would be over.
7)They marched down the street,their flags waving.
8)He went to the front door,his students following him.
10.状语从句的省略：
条件：1）主句和从句的主语相同或从句的主语为it;
2)从句中含有be动词。
可（必）生成分：从句的主语和be.
练习十：判断正误：
1)Though very tired ,he didn’t take a rest.
2)Though raining hard,I went shopping.
3)When travelling in Japan ,he met my aunt.
4)I don’t mind having to kill time while waiting for you here.
11.动名词的逻辑主语：
1）动名词的逻辑主语通常用adj性的 物主代词或名词所有格。
2）动名词作宾语时，其逻辑主语既可以用
adj性的 物主代词或名词所有格，也可用宾格形式。
3）动名词意义上的主语为无生命的名词或抽象名词时，则用原型。
练习十一：写出下列动名词的逻辑主语。
1）_________(John) coming back
tomorrow excited all of us .
2)_____(he)coming back is a great help.
3)I am sure of __________(my brother)
passing the exam.
4)There is little chance of _____(he)being elected Mayor of the city.
5)I am very glad of the ______(examination)being over.
6)I am sure of _________(the news)
12.定语从句该为分词短语坐定语的方法：
1）去掉作主语的关系代名词（who/which..）
2）变成：被修饰词 + v-ing表进行、主动
+p.p. 表完成、被动
练习十二：把下列句子改成分词短语作定语的形式：
1).I couldn’t understand the language which was spoken in that country.
2) Among these shoes are none which
belonged to us.
3)The students who have seen the film are coming out of the cinema.
4)The student who has been late for class for dozens of times is left standing at the gate for a whole mornig.
责任编辑：李芳芳