非谓语动词
I like cooking. ”
He likes cooking.
It' s not easy for me to learn English.
Seen from the space, the earth is a blue sphere.
以上英语句子中____________________等具有动词特征，但是在句子中不能作谓语的动词形式，就叫动词的非谓语形式，也叫非谓语动词。
非谓语动词是不随 _______________变化而变化的，它们不受人称和数的限定，所以又叫“非限定动词”。
动词的非谓语形式有三种：
（1）动词不定式：to study (to + 动词原形)
（2）分词：studying (现在分词)、studied (过去分词)
（3）动名词：studying (形式与现在分词相同)
动词非谓语形式有以下几种形式变化（以write为例）：
形态 主动 被动
动词不定式 一般
进行
完成
完成进行
现在分词和动名词 一般
完成
过去分词 一般 written
一、动词不定式
二、动名词
动名词可以起 ______词的作用，在句子中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。
动名词的否定形式是在前面加上not, never等否定词。
（一）做____________________
Fishing in this lake is forbidden.
Going abroad for a visit and settling down abroad are two different things.
My favorite hobby is fishing/collecting stamps.
My job is teaching.
注意：
在______________; ______________; __________ ; _______________ ; _________________ ;___________________ 等习惯表达中，
It为__________，而将做主语的动名词短语放在后面。例如：
It’s no use /good ringing her up now.
Is it worthwhile bargaining two hours for two cents?
It’s wise trying again.
It is of great importance fighting against pollution.
It is no use operating on the sick man. He should have been sent here early.
It is no good smoking; you’d better give it up.
（二）动名词短语作___________________。
He avoided giving me a definite answer.
David suggested selling your dog and car to pay the debt.
I couldn’t risk missing that train.
常用的能接动名词的动词有：
承认__________，感激__________，避免__________，建议___________，不禁__________，庆祝__________，考虑__________，完成___________，延期__________，忍耐___________，喜欢__________，结束___________，想象__________，保持___________，在意__________，错过___________，允许__________，练习___________，冒险__________，明白___________。
例如：
（三）动名词短语作___________。如：
The children are fond of listening to pop music.
Are you interested in going to the show?
Thomas insisted on doing it in his own way.
Excuse me for interrupting you.
Before finishing your homework, you’d better not go out. 做
（四）动名词也可以有自己的逻辑主语，就是在动名词短语前面加上
_____________________。
I insisted on his (him) going to the cinema with me.
I can hardly imagine Peter’s sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
Linda’s coming will do you good.
What made him angry was their (them) laughing.
（五）动名词的完成式和被动语态：
（1）完成式表示__________________________________。例如：
I apologize for having broken my promise.
I don’t remember having talked with him before.
I regret not having met you before my marriage/before I got married.
（2）当___________________________________，动名词要用被动语态。例如：
I could no longer stand being treated like that.
She was proud of having been trained in the U.K.
He doesn’t like being laughed at.
（六）某些动词可接不定式也可接动名词做宾语，但意义有差别。
（1）like, love, hate, prefer等表示喜爱，厌恶的动词后面，
动名词表示______________________
不定式表示______________________
She likes dancing. But she wouldn’t like to dance with you.
He looked tired and I didn’t like to disturb him.
I don’t like reading, but I’d like to read a magazine in bed tonight.
Little Jim should love to be taken to the theatre this evening.
The reporter would /should like to see you again.
We don’t like talking about people behind their backs.
（2） forget to do sth. ___________________
forget doing sth.___________________
The light in the office is still on. She forgot to turn it off.
The light in the office is off. She turned it off, but she forgot turning it off.
（3）remember to do sth. _________________
remember doing sth. _________________
Do you remember meeting me at a party last year?
You must remember to leave tomorrow。
（4）stop to do sth. __________________
stop doing sth. __________________
She stopped to have a rest on a big rock by the side of the path.
As long as you live, your heart never stops beating,
（5） regret to do sth. _____________________
regret doing sth. ____________________
I regret saying that.
I regret to tell you the following truth.
（6）try to do sth. __________________
try doing sth. _________________
You must try to do it again.
Let’s try doing the work in some other way.
（7） mean to do sth. __________________
mean doing sth. __________________
If it means delaying more than a week, I’ll not wait.
I mean to help you, and nothing else. 。
I didn’t mean to hurt you. I’m sorry.
Declaring Taiwan independent means declaring war on China.
（8） go on to do sth. _____________________
go on doing sth. _____________________
After he finished his maths, he went on to do his physics.
I hope it won’t go on raining all day long.
现在做一些练习：
1．根据括号里的汉语意思用动名词填空：
1) ____________（游泳）is a very enjoyable exercise.
2) His work is ________________(修自行车).
3) Europeans uses an knife and a fork ______________(吃肉).
4) We will only succeed by ____________________(努力工作）.
5) Tom hates __________________(早晨9点以后起床).
6) I could' t help ________________(迟到).
7) _____________________(等着没用) there won' t be another bus.
2. 用动词不定式或动名词填空：
1) He wanted ____ (see) the book I had bought.
2) Please stop ___ (walk) about the room and sit down.
3) I called ____ (see) her yesterday but she was out.
4) In 1969, the United States succeeded in ____ (send) a rocket to the moon and ___ (land) two astronauts on its surface.
5) We decided ___ (put) off the meeting until Saturday.
6) Let me ___ (see) what you are doing.
7) When the professor finishes ____ (speak), we will ask him a question.
8) He made her ___ (go) although she wanted ___ (stay).
9) Please remember ____ (give) her this letter.
10) We heard him ___ (say) that he disliked ____ (go) abroad any more.
11) The child enjoyed ___ (play) at the seaside.
12) The little boy was made ___ (take) the medicine.
13) I watched the shop assistant ___ (take) the goods down for the shelf and put them on the counter.
14) He remembers ___ (go) to Shanghai with his parents when he was five.
15) She had her husband ___ (wash) her dirty linen.
16) The thief kept ____ (say) he hadn’t taken the purse.
17) The policeman saw him ___ (steal) the bicycle and ride away on it.
18) I’ve persuaded him ___ (help) us do the job.
19) You had better ____ (go) home now. It looks like rain.
20) Let me___ (know) if you had decided ____ (go).
21) He promised ___ (come) to our party.
22) I forget ____ (see) you there.
23) Don’t forget ___ (see) your grandma this Sunday.
24) I must apologize for not ___ (let) you know earlier.
三、分词
分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。
作为非谓语形式，分词可用作形容词和副词，在句子中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。但它仍保持动词的一般特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语。分词和自己的宾语、状语构成分词短语。
现在分词有一般式和完成式。它的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为或存在的状态；它的完成式（having + 过去分词）表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作或存在的状态。
现在分词有主动语态和被动语态(being + 过去分词)。
过去分词只有一般式，表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。过去分词（及物动词）本身可以表示被动的含义，因而没有别的被动形式。
（一）用法
1．作定语。
作定语的分词通常放在被修饰的名词________________。
如果被修饰的词是something，anything，everything，nothing等，则分词放在这些词________________。
分词短语通常放在被修饰的名词_________________。
This is an interesting book。
China is a developing country.
a broken heart
a risen sun
There is something interesting in the news。
The man sitting by the window is our math teacher。
The machine run by the old worker is made in Shanghai。
1. We lived in the house __________________(我舅舅们修建的).
2. Any medicine ________(服用) without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble.
3. We spent two hours discussing the plan ________________ (她制定的).
4. Lessons _____________ (易学的)are soon forgotten.
** ______________ (易学的) lessons are soon forgotten.
2、作状语。分词和分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式等意义。表示时间和原因的分词短语相当于对应的状语从句。
时间
When the students saw the teacher entering the room，They stood up。
= seeing the teacher entering the room, they stood up.
When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
__________________________, I came across an old friend of mine.
After he had heard the news, he jumped with joy.
_________________________, he jumped with joy.
The metal expands when it is heated.
___________，the Metal expands.
When he was asked why he did not do it, he began to cry.
________________________________, he began to cry.
原因
As I was excited，I couldn’t go to sleep
_____________，I couldn’t go to sleep。
Because he was a student，he was interested in sports.
______________________，he was interested in sports.
Because they were inspired (激励) by Dr.Yang’s speech，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder
_______________，Li Hua and his classmates decided to study physics harder.
方式、伴随
The children went away。They laughed as they went.
The children went away laughing.
The professor stood there and he was surrounded by many students
The professor stood there，_______________________________
He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.
He sat on the sofa, _____________________
条件
If you work hard, you will succeed.
________________, you will succeed.
If you use your head, you will find a way.
________________, you will find a way.
If water is heated to a certain temperature, it turns into steam.
_________________________________, water turns into steam.
3、作宾语补足语。
现在分词
(I) 用在_____________之后作宾补
1. I saw him running along the street.
2. I felt an ant climbing over my leg.
3. Suddenly I noticed her standing outside.
4. I smell something burning.
5. I hear a girl singing in the hall.
(II) 用在 __________________之后做宾补
1. I would have him waiting for me at the gate of the park.
2. Sorry, I kept you waiting a long time.
3. They shut the door and left, leaving the fire burning.
过去分词
(I) 用在_______________ 之后作宾补。
1. The speaker raised his voice, but he still could not make himself heard.
2. Jane got her bad tooth pulled out at the dentist’s.
3. They are going to have the entrance hall painted white.
(II) 用在 ______________ 之后作宾补。
1. He didn’t notice his wallet stolen.
2. I was washing my clothes when I heard my name called.
(III) 用在 ______________之后作宾补。
1. He did not want such question discussed.
2. I would like my living room painted light blue.
4、作表语。
The result of the test is disappointing.
I feel disappointed in the result of the test.
The story is very interesting
He is interested in the book.
The result is surprising.
I am surprised at what he said.
现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质或特征，意为______________，
exciting, moving, amusing, astonishing, frightening, interesting, relaxing, shocking, surprising, terrifying, tiring etc.
过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的状态，意为_________________，
excited, moved, amused, astonished, frightened, interested, relaxed, satisfied, surprised, terrified, tired etc.
过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
（1）被动结构强调___________，而系表结构强调________________
（2）_________________可以接by + 动作的执行者，___________则不行。
The glass is broken.
The glass is broken by Tom.
The bookstore is closed at six.
The bookstore is closed now.
注意：
（1）分词作状语时，_____________ 和 ______________ 一致：
__________at the top of the mountain，I saw lots of people there.
__________from the top of the mountain, the city is beautiful.
__________again, I found the book interesting.
__________again, the book was found interesting.
（2）在see，hear，watch，notice等动词后，
用动词不定式作宾语补语，通常表示_______________________。
如果用现在分词作宾语补语，则通常表示____________________。
We sat two hours and watched the teacher __________ the experiment.
We passed by the classroom and saw the teacher________ the experiment.
（3）在“have+宾语+分词”的结构中，
现在分词表示 _____________________
过去分词表示 _____________________
动词不定式表示 ___________________
He had the fire ___________ (burn) day and night。
Father had me ___________(swim) the whole summer vacation。
Mary had her dress __________(wash).
Tom had his legs ____________ (break)
I had my watch __________(steal) yesterday。
My mother had me ___________ (wash) my dress.
The teacher had me ______________ (clean) the classroom.
（二）分词的时态和语态
上面已经谈到，过去分词可以表示“被动”和“完成”等意义，因此没有时态和
语态方面的形式变化。下面谈一下现在分词的时态和语态。
1.现在分词的完成式(having+过去分词)表示____________________________。
Having written the letter，John went to the post office.
(=After he had written the letter，John went to the post office.
Having lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.
(=As he has lived in Beijing for years，Lao Wang knows the city quite well.)
Having drunk two glasses of water, Xiao Ma felt a little better.
(=After he had drunk two glasses of water Xiao Ma felt a little better.)
2.现在分词的被动语态(being +过去分词)通常表示“正在被…”的意思。如强调现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前时，可用现在分词被动语态的完成式(having + been +过去分词)。
The bridge being built will be completed next month.
Having been kept out of the room about half an hour for his returning late，Tom was let in.
exercises:
1、用现在分词或过去分词结构改写下列句子:
1）The teacher is taking a walk on the playground. He is our teacher of English.
2）The birds filled the air with music. They were singing in the trees.
3) Here is a novel. It was written b Lu Xun.
4) The language is English. It is spoken in Australia.
5) Do you know the number of students? They are coming to the English Evening.
6) I could hear the boys. They were playing in the field.
7) He was glad to find the fire. It was burning brightly.
8) I watched them. They were dancing.
9) I saw a man. He was banging at your door
10）Tom rushed into the room. He was covered with snow.
11）Mary sat on the ground. She talked with Jane.
12）I stood at the gate. I was waiting for his arrival.
13) John put on his raincoat because he saw that it was raining.
14) As he was stepping carelessly off the pavement, he was knocked down by the bus.
15) He used chopsticks. He ate his dinner.
16) As he was going downstairs he tripped on the carpet.
17) When I was learning English, I had much trouble in pronunciation.
18) As he himself was one of the exploited Pottier shared their bitterness and sufferings.
19) The bridge had been weakened by successive storms and was no longer safe.
20) What is the book? It is being translated.
21) As we did not know his address we could not get in touch with him.
22) As she had been there many times, she knew the place quit well.
23) As we had not got a reply from them, we became quite worried.
24) Because they had been brought up in the city, they knew little about farmwork.
25) He was a League member. He ought to take the lead in such activities.
2、 改正下列句子中的错误(注意分词短语的逻辑主语和句子的主语是否一致)。
Example:
Climbing to the top of the hill, there is a magnificent view to be seen.
-----Climbing to the top of the hill, one can see a magnificent view.
-----If one climbs to the top of the hill, there is a magnificent view to be seen.
1）Being Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home.
______________ I shall have quiet day at home.
2）Entering the house, the door closed with a bang.
3）Walking through the park, the flowers made a lovely sight.
4）Waiting for a bus, a brick fell on my head.
5）Having been away from his hometown for more than thirty years, no one recognize him.
责任编辑：李芳芳