现在完成时及其考点
考点一：考查基本概念
例 Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .（呼和浩特）
Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
简析：现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是Ｂ。
考点二：考查时间状语
例1. He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still
例2. Have you met Mr Li ______？
Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago
例3. The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
例4.-Our country ______ a lot so far . -Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better
例5. Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying
例6. We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ. have known Ｄ. knew
例7. Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
简析：现在完成时的时间状语常有如下四类：
⑴现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故例1应选B；例2应选C。
⑵现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故例3应选D，例4应选C。
⑶现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故例5应选C，例6应选C。
⑷现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故例7应选B。
考点三：考查与一般过去时的区别
例1. -These farmers have been to the United States .
-Really ? When _____ there ?
Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go
Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
例2.-______ you ___ your homework yet ? -Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished
Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish
简析：现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故例１、２的正确答案皆为B。
考点四：考查非延续性动词的用法
例1. His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in
例2.-Do you know him well ?
- Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made
例3.-How long have you ____ here ?-About two months .
Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived
例4. Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun
Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began
例5. His uncle died two years ago .（改变句子，句意不变）
His uncle has _______ for two years
例6. Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
例7. It _____ ten years since he left the army .
Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was
简析：现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。常用的非延续性动词及替代形式如下：
close-→be closed, put on→wear , open-→be open
get up-→be up, finish/end-→be over , lose-→be lost ,
marry-→be married(to), fall asleep/ go to sleep -→be asleep ( sleep ) ,
get to know-→ know come/arrive-→be here/in ,
come/get back-→be back , go/leave-be away , become -→be ,
borrow -→keep , buy-→have , begin/start-→be on ,
die-→be dead , join-→be in/be a ember of．．． ,
catch a cold-→ have a cold等，
故例1、2、3、4的正确答案依次为：D、B、A、C。例5应填been dead 。其次，可以用相应的延续性动词的过去时表示，故例6应填joined；ago。再次，还可用“It is + 一段时间＋since从句”来表示，故例７应选A。
考点五：考查词组have/has been in / to与have/has gone to的区别
例1. Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
Ａ.has gone Ｂ. went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been
例2. My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to
Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ.have been
简析：“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故例1、2的正确答案皆为A。
责任编辑：李芳芳