代词
代词是用来代替名词、形容词或数词的词。这些代词分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、疑问代词、连接代词和关系代词等。这里，我们介绍几组常用代词的用法及辨析。
（一） 人称代词
主格 I he she we you they it
宾格 me him her us you them it
用法：人称代词的主格作主语；宾格作表语或宾语； 人称代词作表语时，与动词前面的代词或名词或名词同格。
I was considered to be she. They considered me to be her.
I thought it to be her. It was thought to be her.
（二） 物主代词
形容词性 my your his her its our their
名词性 mine yours his hers its ours theirs
用法：形容词性物主代词作定语； 名词性物主代词作主语、宾语和表语。
如：He is my teacher. Whose book is this? It’s mine.
I’ve finished my homework. Have you finished yours? He is an old friend of mine.
（三） 反身代词
单数 myself yourself himself/herself/itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
反身代词在句中一般作宾语、表语和同位语。
1． 作宾语：They called themselves weavers.
2． 作表语：Stop fooling and be yourself.
3． 作同位语：反身代词不达意作同位语可以放在与之同位的名词或代词之后，也可放在句末。
如：They themselves decided to go to see it.
They decided to go to see it themselves.
注意下列习惯说法：
come to oneself（苏醒）/ be not oneself（身体不舒服）congratulate oneself on（暗自庆幸）
enjoy oneself express oneself（表达） devote oneself to（致力于）
dress oneself（穿衣） find oneself（发觉自己在）help oneself to（随便吃）
hide oneself（躲藏）keep sth. to oneself（保守秘密）make oneself at home（不要拘束，就像在自己家里一样） make oneself + p.p. seat oneself
-for oneself（为自已或替自已）
You must find it out for yourself.（独自地）
They kept it for themselves（为自已）
-of oneself自然地，自动地
The enemy will not perish of himself.
The door opened of itself.
-by oneself独自地，自单干
I’m busy, would you go there by yourself.
They made the machine all by themselves.
-in oneself（本身性质）
The materials in themselves were not poisonous.
This is not a bad idea in itself.
I like the house in itself but not furnituure in it.
注：某些带有反身代词的动词词不达意组已变成固定习语。
Have you enjoyed yourself recently?
He is not himself today.
Don’t get nervous, help yourself to what you like.
（四） 疑问代词
常用的疑问代词有who,whom,whose,whoever,which,whichever,what,whatever。疑问代词一般放在句首，用来构成特殊疑问句， 可用作主语、宾语、表语和定语。如：
Whoever told you that is a fool.What is this? Whom (who)did you want?
（五） 指示代词
指示代词有：this, that,these,those,it,such,same等。
1． This,that,these,those的用法：
（1） 在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。如：
This is my pen. Do you want this?That book is mine. What I want is this.
（2） This(these)一般用来指时间和空间上较近的人或物；而that(those)常指时间和空间上较远的人或物。如：
This is a pen and that is a pencil.These days we are very busy.
（3） This(these)一般指后面要讲到的事物； 而that(those)常指前面讲过的事物。如：
What he told me is this:he wanted to go to Beijing.
He didn’t come. That is why he didn’t know.
（4） That (those)常用来指前面提到过的名词。如：
This book is not so interesting as that I read yesterday.
The houses of the rich are larger than those of the poor.
2． such的用法：
（1） such一般在句中作定语和主语。如：
Such is my answer. I have never seen such beautiful flowers.
（2） such用作定语时，它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在之后。
He is such an interesting person.
3． same的用法：
same可用作定语、主语、表语和宾语。same前必须加the。如：
I went there on the same day.The same can be said of the other city.
What I want to say is the same.I’ll do the same.
（六） 不定代词
不定代词具有名词和形容词的性质，并有可数与不可数的区别。不定代词的种类较多，用法各异，下面分别进行介绍。
1． One,some与any的用法
one可以泛指任何人，还可以用在形容词和that,this等词后代替刚才提过的可数名词，其复数形式为ones，可用作主语和宾语； one’s是它的物主代词形式，可用作定语；oneself是它的反身代词形式，可用作主语和宾语。some和any通常用作定语，都可用来修饰可数名词、单数或复数名词。some用于单数可数名词前， 表示“某一”。some用于数词前，表示“大约”。some一般用于肯定句，any多用于疑问、否定句中。如：
One should wash oneself regularly. This film is not as good as the one I saw yesterday.
I have some books. Have you any books? I don’t have any books.
注：
（1） some可用于表示邀请或请求的问句中，预期的答案是肯定的，或鼓励给予一个肯定的答复。如：
Could you let me have some coffee?
（2） some和any可用作主语和宾语。如
Some are singing, others are dancing. Does any of you know Mr Wang?
I don’t like any of the books.
（3） Some,any,every,no与one,body,thing构成的合成代词都作单元数看待。另外，some的合成代词一般用于肯定句，any的合成代词一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句。
2． Each,every的用法
（1） each强调个别，可以充当定语、主语、宾语和同位语。every强调整体，相当于汉语的“每个都”，在句中都作定语。如：
The teacher had a talk with each of them. Each of us has two boxes.
We have two boxes each. Every boy has a book.
Every one has strong and weak points.
（2） each所代表的数可以是两个以上， 而every所指的数必须是三个以上。如：
Each of the two has won a prize. Every student in the class likes English.
3． none和no的用法：
（1） no=not any.在句子中作定语，修饰可数或不可数名词。none在句中作主语或宾语。如：
There is no water in the well.None of them know the story.
（2） none代替不可数名词作主语时， 谓语动词用单数形式； 代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。如：
None of the students are/is afraid of difficulties.
4． many和much的用法：
many和much都表示许多，但是many用来修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词。都可用作主语、宾语和定语。如：
Many of the students often go shopping. I have much to do.
There is not much water in the cup.
much有时用作状语。如：
He likes playing football very much.
5． Few,little,a few,a little的用法：
Few和little表示没有多少，含否定意义；而a few和a little表示有一些，有几个，含肯定意义。另外，few与a few修饰可数名词；little,a little修饰不可数名词。它们在句中常用作定语、主语和宾语。如：
He knows a little English.Few of them could speak English.I know a little about Japanese.
6． other和another的用法：
other 意为“另外的”，作定语，常与复数名词或单数不可数名词连用，但如果前面有the,this,that,some,any,each,every,no,none,one,or以及形容词性物主代词时，则可与单数名词连用。如：other boys,all other beauty,no other way,the other one, any other plant,every other day,some other reason
等。
others是other的复数形式，泛指“别的人或物“（但不是全部）。如：
指“两者中的另一个“。常与one连用，作定语修饰复数名词时，表示另一个中的“全部其余的”。如：
He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.
The others是the other的复数形式，特指“全部其余的人或物”。如：
I have got ten pencils.
Two of them are red, the others are blue.
another指三个或三个以上中的“任何一个”，“再一、、、、、、”，“另一个”，作代词或形容词。如
I have finished this novel, please give me another.
One….the other指两个人或物构成的一组中的个体；one ….another指同一组内的两个个体。如：
Here are two books. One is for Mary, the other is for Jack.
One person may like to spend his holiday at seashore,while another may prefer the mountains.
7． neither和either的用法：
neither表示两者都不；either表示两者中的任何一个；两个词都表示单数，在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：
Neither of the answers is wrong. Either sentence is right.
I know neither of the teachers. You may take either of the books.
8． all和both的用法：
这两个词都表示整体，但both指两个人或物，all而指三个以上的人或物； 在句中都可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语和定语。如：
All of us should work hard. We both like to go.
We like both of the books That’s all for today.
All knowledge comes from practice.
注：（1）all表示不可数名词时， 其谓语动词用单数。
（2）both和all加否定是部分否定，如果要表示全部否定，分别是用neither和none。如：
Both of us are not teachers. Neither of us is a teacher.
All of the books are not English books. None of the books are English books.
部分否定 全部否定
两者 Both…not
Not…both（并非两者都） Neither=not…either两者都不
两者以上 All…not
Not…all（并非所有、、、都）
Every…not
Not…every（并非每一个都）
The whole…not
Not …the whole（并非全部） Not…any
none（没有一个）
no one
nobody（没有人）
nothing
（没有任何事物）
（七） 关于不定代词的用法-替代和修饰
1． 替代或修饰复数名词，谓语用复数。-few, a few, quite a few,only a few, several,many,a great (good) many
（但要注意接代词或特定范围的名词需要加of: a few of them/ a few of the students）-a large(great) number of , a couple fo hundreds (scores,dozens )of
2． 直接替代或修饰不可数名词。
-little,a little,a bit,less,least,much,no a little,no a bit of,a great deal of,a great amount of
3． 直接替代不可数名词，谓语用单数。替代可数名词，谓语用复数。
-some,any,enough,more,most,a lot of /lots of/plenty of/a great(good,large)quantity of/great(good,large)quantities of
八． 代词so的用法：
1． So do I. 后者与前者相同，两个不同的主语。
2． So I do. 重复前面的内容，同一个主语。
3． I do so. 指代前面的内容。
4． So it is with… 如果前面是两个或两个以上的句子，而且里面包含不同的人称、数或时态等时，so可以替代从句中的that宾语从句下面的动词，多用此种替代方法。
5． 常用结构：
I’m afraid so. ≯ I’m afraid not.
I think so. ≯ I don’t think so.
I believe so. ≯ I believe not.
I hope so. ≯ I hope not.
I suppose / fear / imagine so. ≯ I suppose / fear / imagine not.
I have been told so.
九．such与so的不同用法：
6． such置于冠词之前，但常用在some / any / every / many / all / no之后。
such an interesting book ≯ so interesting a book
no such thing / one such animal
7． such + adj. +不可数名词/名词的复数形式
8． so many / few / much / little +可数/不可数名词
so many people / so little money / such a little girl
9． such用于特殊结构 Such is our study plan.
10． so that（目的/结果）≯ in case（没有such that）
such … as…
十．常用代词辨异：
11． one, ones, that, those, it
◆one与ones可以用来代替前面提到过的可数名词，one指单数，ones指复数。
▲ ①one与ones既可指人也可指物，ones不可单独使用，也不可用those，these直接修饰，但可用the修饰，或these + adj. + ones。
▲ ②one可代替可数名词为中心的整个名词词组，而ones不能。
▲ ③one不能加不定冠词，除非中间有形容词。
▲ ④one可单独使用，作“任何人”解。
◆that与those，that代替前面提到过的不可数名词，those代替前面提到过的复数名词。That，those后面跟定语从句时，关系代词不能用that。
◆one和it都可以用来代替前面出现过的单数名词。one代替这类东西的任何一个，it代替前面所指的特定的东西。
12． no one, none
① no one = nobody，只指人，不指物，谓语动词用单数。
② no one没有固定范围，故其后不接of短语。none可接of短语。
No one，nobody用于简略回答时，不能用来对“How many”或“How much”做否定回答。
e.g. Is there anyone who can do the experiment? No one.
③ none表示三个或三个以上的人或事物中“没有一个”或“任何一个都不”。表示不可数名词时，谓语用单数；表示可数名词时，单复数均可。
none常用来对“How many”或“How much”做否定回答，也可对 any + of 短语构成的一般疑问句做否定回答。而no one用来回答“Who”引导的特殊疑问句。
It构成的句型小结
一、 It作形式主语的句型
为使句子平衡，往往把it置于句首作形式主语，而把真正的主语（通常是不定式短语、动名词短语或主语从句）移至句末。It 作形式主语的句型有：
㈠ it 代指不定式短语的句型
1. It takes + (sb.) + sometime / some money + to do sth.
做某事花去某人多长时间
Just a minute, it won't take me long to change.等一下,我很快就可以换好衣服。
It takes five minutes to walk there.走到那里需要5分钟。
It took me more than a year to learn to draw a beautiful horse in five minutes.
我花了一年多时间才学会在5分钟内画出一匹好看的马来。
It takes a lot of money to buy a house like that. 买那样一幢房子需要很多钱。
2. It takes + 名词 + (for sb.) to do sth. 某人做某事需要… …
It took great imagination as well as patience for Annie to teach me to speak.
对安妮来说，教我说话需要极大的信心和想象力。
It takes time for them to prepare for the great changes that take place in space.
他们需要很多时间准备应付太空中所发生的巨大变化。
3. It is + 形容词 + (for / of sb.) to do sth. 某人做某事是… …的
常用于该句型的形容词比较多。for sb. 的句型 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better等。of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的) 等。
It was not right for the south to break away from the union.南方脱离联邦是不对的。
It was kind of you to help us.谢谢你对我们的帮助。
It is getting harder every day for a lazy man to get a living.懒汉谋生是越来越困难了。
What time would it be most convenient for me to call again?
什么时候我再给你打电话最合适？
It’s very good of you to have listened to me.感谢你能听我讲。
It’s very thoughtful and kind of you to offer me this lovely holiday.
你能给我这么美好的假日，实在是想得太周到、太友善了。
4. It is + 名词 + to do sth. 做某事是… …的
常用于该句型的名词有：manners, duty, fun, good, a great honour, the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough等。
As a student, it is bad manners to come late to class.作为学生，上课迟到是没有礼貌的。
It is our duty to pay taxes to our government.向政府交税是我们的义务。
5. It is + one’s turn + to do sth. 轮到某人做某事
It was my turn to clean the blackboard.轮到我擦黑板了。
6. It is + up to sb. + to do sth. 做某事是某人的责任或义务
It’s up to us to give them all the help we can.我们理应竭尽所能地给予他们帮助。
㈡ it 代指动名词短语的句型
7. It is + 名词 + doing sth. 做某事是… …
用于该句型的名词有：no good, no use, hard work, a nuisance, a waste of time, a great honour等。
It’s no use talking to him about it.和他谈论此事是没用的。
It’s no use/good (in) crying over spilt/spilled milk.事已至此，后悔也无用。（牛奶已泼，哭也没用。）
It is hard work keeping the grass green at this time of year.这个季节还使草保持绿色真是不容易。
It was a nuisance having to wait for such a long time.要等这样久真烦人。
It’s a waste of time your talking to him.你和他谈话是浪费时间。
It has been a great honour your coming to visit me.你的来访是我很大的荣幸。
8. It is + 形容词 + doing sth. 做某事真… …
用于该句型的形容词有：pleasant, useless, senseless, worthwhile, dangerous等。
It was pleasant meeting you in London that day.那天在伦敦见到你真高兴。
It’s dangerous playing with fire.玩火是危险的。
Is it worthwhile making such an experiment?做这样的实验值得吗？
㈢ it 代指名词性从句的句型
9. It + be + 名词 + that从句
用于该句型中的名词有：a pity, a shame, a fact, an honour, a wonder, a good thing, good news, no wonder等。
惯用句型有：
It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事实是……
It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.真遗憾，她犯了这样一个错误。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.你非走不可真是件憾事。
It is a thousand pity/ thousand pities that he missed the chance.他错过了这次机会真是太可惜了。
It is no wonder that he has passed the examination.难怪他考试及格了。
It is a shame that you have to leave so soon.你必须这么早离开，真遗憾。
It was a stupid thing that he didn’t listen to his teacher.他不听老师的话，真蠢。
It is a great honour that he receive that prize.他得到了那个奖真是无上的荣耀。
10. It + be + 形容词 + that从句 … … 是 … …
用于该句型中的形容词有：clear, obvious, true, certain, important, strange, natural, surprising, fortunate, good, wonderful, funny, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, quite clear, unusual等。
惯用句型有：
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
It is important that we (should) learn English well.我们学好英语是非常重要的。
It is necessary that the students (should) remember all the new words.学生记住所有的新单词是必要的。
11. It + be + -ed 分词 + that从句 据… …是… …的
常见的过去分词有：said, reported, learned, announced, known, decided, expected, believed, considered, declared, felt, hoped, seen, supposed, thought, understood等。
惯用句型有：
It is said that… 据说
It is reported that… 据报道
It is believed that… 大家相信
It is hoped that… 大家希望
It is well known that… 众所周知
It is thought that… 大家认为
It is suggested that… 据建议
It has been decided that… 大家决定
It must be remembered that…务必记住的是
It is reported that another man-made satellite has been put into orbit.
据报道，又有一颗人造卫星被送入轨道。
It is said that he has gone to the USA for further study.据说他已去美国深造了。
It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.众所周知，光以直线运行。
It has been decided that we should design the machine ourselves.已经决定我们自己来设计这部机器。
12. It + 及物动词 + 名词 + 从句
It makes no difference to me whether it’s foggy or clear.对我来说，天气有雾或晴朗没什么关系。
It doesn’t make any difference to me whether he goes or not.不管他是否去对我都没有什么影响。
It makes no matter whether you arrive first or last --- there’s enough food for everyone, whatever time they arrive.大家早到晚到都无关紧要 --- 不管什么时候来，都有足够的东西吃。
13. It + 不及物动词 + that分句
常见的不及物动词有：seem, happen, look, appear, come about, turn out, occur等。
惯用句型有：
It appears that… 似乎……
It (so) happens (that)… （那么）碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
It seems that he is sick. (= He seems to be sick.)看来他似乎有病。
It happened that he wasn’t there. (= He happened not to be there.)碰巧他不在哪儿。
He would have been traveling on the train that crashed if it hadn’t so happened he’d been working late that night.要不是那天晚上他正巧下班晚了，他就会乘坐那趟出事的列车了。
14. It doesn’t matter (to sb.) + 从句 （对）… …都无所谓
It doesn’t matter to me what he says.对我来说，他说什么都无所谓。
It doesn’t seem to matter much whether he received the gift or not.他是否接受这件礼物似乎都无所谓。
It doesn’t matter if we are late.我们就是晚到一点也不要紧。
注意：It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。
其句型为：
(1)suggested
It is (2)important that…+ (should) do
(3) a pity
(1) suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted + (should) do
(2) important, necessary, natural, strange + (should) do
(3) a pity, a shame, no wonder + (should) do
It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.
二、 It 作形式宾语的句型
㈠ it 代指不定式短语的句型
15. 主语 + find(make, feel) it + adj. (+ for sb.) + to do sth.
I find it easy enough to get on with Tom.我觉得与汤姆相处很容易。
16. 主语 + find(make, feel) it + n. + to do sth.
He felt it his duty to mention the fact to Mr. Smith.他觉得把事实告诉史密斯先生是他的职责。
People in the west make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives and friends.
西方人把为亲友买圣诞礼物作为一种惯例。
㈡ it 代指动名词短语的句型
17. 主语 + think + it + n. + doing sth.
We thought it no use doing that.我们认为做那件事是无用的。
You must find it exciting working here.你一定会发现在此工作是很令人兴奋的。
18. 主语 + think + it + adj. + doing sth.
I think it very unwise going on as we are without definite agreement.
我认为像我们这样没有确定协议而进行是不明智的。
I don’t think it worthwhile taking such trouble. 我想不值得这么费事了。
㈢ it 代指名词性从句的句型
19. 主语 + find(make, think) it + n. + that从句
I used to feel it a terrible thing that my mother should have to do the housework endlessly.
我曾老觉得母亲不得不无休止地做家务是一件可怕的事情。
I consider it a great shame that I didn’t pass the examination. 我认为我考试不及格是件非常羞耻的事。
20. 主语 + find(make, think) it + adj. + that从句
I think it best that you should stay here.我认为你最好呆在这里。
You may think it strange that anyone would live there你也许感到奇怪，居然有人愿意住在那儿。
21. 主语 + take it for granted + that从句
I take it for granted that you will be coming to the meeting.我当然认为你会来参加会议。
I took it for granted that you would stay with us.我以为你当然会留在我们这里。
22. I hate(like, enjoy, love) + it + when从句
我不喜欢/喜欢 … …
该句型中it用于hate, like, enjoy, love等动词后，充当形式宾语。
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我很不喜欢人们吃着东西说话。
I like it in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.我喜欢秋天清爽明朗的日子。
三、 It 用于强调结构句型
23. It is/was + 被强调部分 + that……
此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。
It is from the sun that we get light and heat.我们从太阳得到光和热。
It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
是我父亲昨天晚上在实验室做的试验。
It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
那个实验是我父亲昨天晚上在实验室做的。
It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.
是昨天晚上我父亲在实验室做的那个实验。
It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
是在实验室里我父亲昨天晚上做的那个实验。
It is the ability to do the job that matters not where you come from or what you are.
干工作的能力不在乎你来自何方还是干什么的。
It will not be you who(that) will have to take the blame for this.不是你必须承担这份责任。
It’s the servant who killed Mr. Smith.是仆人杀害的史密斯先生。
It must be the servant who killed Mr. Smith.一定是仆人杀害的史密斯先生。
It may have been at Christmas that John gave Mary a handbag.
或许是在圣诞节，约翰送手提包给玛丽的。
What was it that made you so happy?使你这么高兴的到底是什么？
Whom was it that Mr. Smith saw in the college yesterday?
史密斯先生昨天在大学里见到的那个人到底是谁？
24. It is/was not until + 被强调部分 + that ……
直到… …才 … …
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
直到她摘下墨镜来我才意识到她是一位著名影星。
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
直到我读了你的信，我才了解到事情的真实情况。
It is not until I have seen it with my own eyes that I will believe it.
只有我亲眼看到这件事，我才相信它。
25. It is/was … not … (被强调部分)+ that… 是… …而不是… …
It is/was not …but …(被强调部分)+that…不是……而是……
It was last week not yesterday that she met your brother in New York.
她是在上周而不是在昨天，在纽约看见你弟弟的。
It was not last week but yesterday that she met your brother in New York.
她不是在上周而是在昨天，在纽约看见你弟弟的。
It was Mary’s bag not Jone’s that was lost at school yesterday evening.
昨晚是玛丽的提包，不是琼斯的提包，在学校丢了。
It was not Mary’s bag but Jone’s that was lost at school yesterday evening.
昨晚不是玛丽的提包，而是琼斯的提包，在学校丢了。
26. It is/was because … … + that … … 是因为… … 才… …
It was because he was ill that he had to see a doctor.是因为病了，他才不得不去看医生的。
He told me that it was because he was ill that they decided to return.
他告诉我正是因为他患病了他们才决定回来的。
It was because the weather was too bad that we failed to get in touch with them.
正是因为天气太坏，我们才没有和他们联系上。
27. It is/was not because… … but because … … + that … …
不是因为 … … 而是因为 … … 才 … …
It is not because she is beautiful but because she has a talent for music that I recommend her.
我不是因为她美，而是因为她有音乐天才，才推荐她的。
It is not because of your efficiency but because of long absence that you get little money.
不是因为你做事效率低，而是因为你缺勤时间久，得到的钱才少的。
28. It is/was + (被强调部分) + (that) … …+ that … …
正是 … … 的这个 … … 才 … …
It is the fact that we have spent all our money that we must face.
正是我们已花光我们所有钱财的这一事实，才是我们必须面对的。
It was that he was chosen that made us very happy.正是他被选中这件事，才使我们非常高兴的。
It is in the factory (that) we visited last week that his father works.
他父亲工作的地方，正是上周我们参观的那家工厂。
It is in the way (that) I like that she cooks chicken.她正是以我喜欢的方式烹调鸡肉的。
四、 It 用于特殊结构句型
㈠ 常用固定句型
29. It is + time + for sb. to do sth 到……时间了; 该到……了
It is + time(about time, high time) + (that) sb. did sth. 时间已迟了; 早该……了
It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。
It is time that the children went to bed. (= It is high time that the children should go to bed.)
该到孩子们上床睡觉的时间了。
It’s about time you stopped smoking.是你该戒烟的时候了。
Jack’s suit was old and it was high time we bought a new one.
杰克的衣服已经穿旧，是该买一套新的时候了。
30. It is + the first / second time（表次数）+ that从句 这是第一次 /第二次… …
该结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
31. It is + 一段时间 + since从句
It has been + 一段时间 + since从句
自从… … 以来已经 … …
该句型中 " It is … since…"可代替"It has been … since …"，意思不变。
It is (= has been) five years since we last met.自从我们上次见面以来已经有五年了。
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.我成为研究生已有两年了。
It seems a long time since we last met.自从我们上次见面以来似乎过了很长时间。
It was years/ ages since I had seen her.自从我上次见过她已经多年/很久了。
It is just a week since we arrived here.我们到这里刚一星期。
--- My uncle comes in from Iraq tonight.
--- How long has it been since you last saw him
--- 我叔叔今晚从伊拉克回来了。
--- 你们分别后有多长时间了？
注意：since从句中用延续性动词或状态动词的一般过去时，通常表示动作或状态的完成或结束。
It is five years since he lived here.他不住在这儿已五年了。
It is a long time since he smoked.他戒烟已有好长时间了。
It is three years since he joined the army.他参军三年了。
It is three years since he was in the army.他复员（离开军队）三年了。
32. It be + 一段时间+ before从句 好久… … 就 … …
该结构中be可以换用其他半系动词，也可以用将来时。
It was some time before he could speak.过了好一会以后他才说出话来。
It was not long before I realized my mistake.不久我就意识到了我的错误。
It seemed a long time before my turn came.似乎过了好一会儿才轮到我。
It may be many years before we meet again.我们可能要好多年以后才能见面。
It will be a long time before we finish this dictionary.我们要用很长时间才能完成这本词典。
It will be five years before we meet again.要等5年我们才能在见面。
㈡ 固定习语句型
此类句型颇多，现就高中出现的列举一二：
33. It / That (all) depends. 要看情况而定
--- Can you come to the party tonight?
--- It all depends when I finish my paper.
--- 你今晚能来参加晚会吗？
--- 那要看我什么时候做完作业。
--- What will you do? --- I don’t know. It depends.
--- 你愿意干点什么？ --- 我不知道。要看情况。
34. It’s /That’s too bad + (that)从句 太不幸了；太可惜了；真糟糕
It is too bad Jack doesn’t know German better.
真可惜杰克的德语没有学得更好一些。
It was too bad David had a bad cold when the circus came to our town.
真不凑巧，当马戏团来到我们镇上时戴维得了重感冒。
35. When / If it comes / came to the point, … … 到了紧要关头；到采取行动或作出决定的时候
When it came to the point, he refused to help.到了紧要关头时他却拒绝援助。
I’m sure when it comes to the point, Mary won’t marry him after all.
我敢肯定，到做决定时，玛丽是根本不会嫁给他的。
经典练习：
1． We asked John and Jerry, but ______ of then could offer a satisfactory explanaion.
A. either B.none C.both D.neither
2.My daughter often makes a schedule to get ______ reminded of what she is to do in the day.
A.herself B.her C.she D.hers
3.We have only a sofa, a table and a bed in our apartment. We need to buy _____ more furniture.
A.any B.many C.little D.some
4.We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _____ from some wood we had.
A. it B.one C.himself D.another.
5. I like _____ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.
A.this B.that C.it D.one
6. –Do you like_____ here?
-Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is nice.
A.this B.these C.that D.it
7.That’s an an unpleasant thing to say about your father after ______ he’s done for you.
A.something B.anything C.all D.that
8.There’s _____ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get ____?
A.little;some B.little;any C.a little; some D.a little; any
9.I got the story from Tom and ____ people who had worked with him.
A.every other B.many others C.some other D. other than
10. I had to buy ____ these books because I didn’t know which one was the best.
A.both B.none C.neither D.all
11.I have done much of the work. Could you please finish_____ in two days?
A.the rest B.the other C.another D.the others
12.-You haven’t lost the ticket, have you?
-_______. I know it’s not easy to get another one at the moment.
A.I hope not B. Yes, I have C.I hope so D.Yes, I’m afraid so
13.-Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?
-______ way as you please.
A.Each B.Every C.Any D.Either
14.Playing tricks on others is _______ we should never do.
A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing
15.It is _____any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.
A.no B.such C.nearly D.hardly
16.I intended to compare notes with a friend, but unfortunately _____ couldn’t spare me even one minute.
A.they B.one C.who D.it
17.-One week’s time has been wasted.
-I can’t believe we did all that work for _____.
A.sometime B.nothing C.everything D.anything
18.-There’s coffee and tea; you can have _______.
-Thanks.
A.either B.each C.one D.it
19.-Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
-Why _____? Jhon is sitting there doing nothing.
A.him B.he C. I D.me
20.He did it _______ it took me.
A.one-third a time B.one-third time C.the one-third time D.one-third the time
21.Shanghai is really a fascinating city and we’ve decided to stay for _____ two weeks.
A.another B.other C.the other D.other’s
22.The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took ______pictures of them.
A.many of B.masses of C. the number of D.a large amount of
23. The mother didn’t know ______ to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out.
A.who B.when C.how D.what
24. Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ____I will always treasure.
A. that B.one C.it D.what
25. –You’re always working. Come on , let’s go shopping.
- _____ you ever want to do is going shopping.
A. Anything B.Something C.All D.That
26. As a result of destroying the forests,a large _____ of desert _____ covered the land.
A.number; has B.quantity; has C.number; have D.quantiry; have
27. If this dictionary is not yours, ________ can it be?
A.what else B.who else C.which else’s D.who else’s
28. Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about ___?
A. another B.the other C. others D. the rest
29.-Why don’t we take a little break?
-Didn’t we just have ____?
A.it B.that C. one D. this
30.If you want to change for double room, you’ll have to pay _____$15.
A.another B.other C. more D. each
31. _____ of the land in that district ______covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth; is B.Two fifth; are C.Two fifths; is D.Two fifths; are
32.-Do you want tea or coffe?
-______. I really don’t mind.
A. Both B.None C.Either D.Neither
33.One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and _____.
A.the other is white B.another white C.the other white D.another is white
34.Few pleasures can equal _____ of a cool drink on a hot day.
A.some B.any C.that D.those
35.Dr Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I can’t remember _____.
A.where B.there C.which D.that
36.I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ______.
A.everything B.anything C.something D.nothing
37.______ friends Betty had made there were all invited to her birthday party.
A.Few of B.Few C.The few D. A few
38. Some people would rather ride bike as bike riding has ____ of the trouble of taking buses.
A.nothing B.none C.some D.neither
39.You can buy these maps at _______ railway station. They all have them.
A.all B.any C.every D.each
40.At that tiem neither country allowed _____ to open any companies on its land.
A.another B.the other C.other D.the others
41.Most of the housework was done by two members of the family, my sister and _____.
A.me B.I C.myself D.mine
42.-The city is completely strange to me.
-Here is a map for you. It is as good a ma[ as _____.
A.neither B .none C.any D.every
43.-Which of the two Italian films do you like better?
-_____,because they are meaningless.
A.Both B.Either C.None D.Neither
44.-Would you like some soft drink?
-Yes, but only _____.
A.a few B.a little C.few D.little
45._____ was thoughtful _____ John to send me this present.
A.It; for B.He; for C.It; of D.He; of
46.-We talked twenty miles today.
-I never guessed you could have walked ____far.
A.as B.those C.that D.such
47.Not all these books are second-hand, _____ of which are new.
A. all B.none C.some D.each
48.Two ancient Chinese vases, _______ worth $1,000, were sold at Sotheby’s last Monday.
A.which B.each C.every D.all
49.The computers we use today are much better than ____ we used ten years ago.
A.one B.that C.ones D.those
50.I prefer a street in a small town to ______ in such a large city as Shanghai.
A.that B.it C.this D.one
51.I’ve just seen no more than one copy of Gone with the Wind in the bookshop opposite. Tom, go and buy ______ back.
A.one B.any C.it D.some
52.Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about ____?
A.another B.the other C.others D.the rest
53.One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow, and ______.
A.the other is white B.another white C.the other white D.another is white
54.Tom’s motehr kept telling him that he should work harder, but _____didn’t help.
A.he B.which C.she D.it
55.-Do you live _____ near Jim?
-No, he lives in another part of the town.
A. somewhere B.nowhere C.anywhere D.them both
56.-Which coat would you prefer, sir?
-I’ll take _____, to have a change sometimes.
A.all them B.them all C.both them D.them both.
57.We couldn’ eat in restaurant because ________ of us had _____money on us.
A.all; no B.any; no C.none; any D.no one; any
58.They are good friends. _____is no wonder that they know each other so well.
A.This B.That C.There D.It.
59.The headmaster asked _____ students to be strict with ourselves in everything.
A.us B.his C.the D.our
60.-Do you have _____ at home now, mum?
-No, we still have to get scores of eggs and some vegetables.
A. nothing B.everything C.anything D.something
61.I haven’t brought the dictionary with ______. Will you lend me _____?
A. my; your B.me; your C.mine; yours D.me; yours
62.The noise of the party prevented me from getting _____ sleep.
A.some B.any C.no D.many.
Keys:1-5 DADBC 6-10 DCACD 11-15 AACBD 16-20 ABADD 21-25 ABABC 26-30 BDDCA 31-35CCCCC 36-40 ACBBB 41-45 ABDBC 46-50 CCBDD 51-55CDCDA 56-60 DCDAB 61-62 DB
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