倒 装
(一)疑问句多数是倒装语序，但如果主语是疑问词或被疑问词修饰的，整个句子是自然语序，本身就是个正装句
A. Who invented the machine?
B. What impressed you most?
C. What has happened to Tom?
D. How many people took part in the demonstration?
E. Which team won the game?
(二)there be结构是倒装句，除be以外，live, happen, exist, lie, remain也都可以充当该结构的谓语
A. About 2, 300 years ago, there lived in Greece a great thinker named Aristotle.
B. There happened to be nobody in the bedroom.
C. For there lay the Combs-the set of combs that Della had worshipped for many months in a shop window.
(三)only放在句首修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句时要倒装，其他情况就不构成倒装式了。如果谓语动词是单个实意动词，倒装时加do的相应形式(即do, does, 或did)
A. Only in this way can you succeed.
B. Only yesterday did I hear of the accident.
C. Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.
D. Only my parents know the secret. (不倒装)
(四)表示否定意义的词放在句首时要倒装
hardly, scarcely, never, not, not until, not only, seldom, little等。
A. Never shall I forget it.
B. Not a single mistake did he make.
C. Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.
D. Not only was everything he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.
E. Not until quite recently did I have any idea what a guided missile was like. 请注意下列这组句子。
A. She didn't change her mind until yesterday. (正装句)
B. Not until yesterday did she change her mind. (倒装句)
C. It was not until yesterday that she changed her mind. (强调句不倒装)
(五)把副词so放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人(或物)，只用于肯定句
A. He has been to Beijing, So have I.
B. They like English very much. So does John.
C. Society has changed and so have the people in it.
但如果后面的句子是对前面句子的内容加以确认的话，那么也把so放在句首，不过后面主谓不倒装。
A. There was clearly nothing left to do but drop herself onto the shabby couch and weep. So Della did.
B. I said I was going to visit him. So I did.
C. He studies hard. So he does.
(六)如果虚拟条件从句的谓语动词含有be动词，助动词或情态动词，可将if省略，而把be动词、情态动词或第一个助动词移到主语前，构成倒装句
If it had not been for their assistance, we couldn't have got over the difficulties. (正装句)
A.
Had it not been for their assistance, we couldn't have got over the difficulties. (倒装句)
If there should be a flood, what should we do?
B.
Should there be a flood, what should we do?(倒装句)
(七)在某些让步状语从句中用倒装结构
A. Proud as these nobles are, he is afraid to see me.
B. Small as it was, the army had great fighting capacity.
C. Child as he is, he knows a lot.
(八)某些表示祝愿的句子也用倒装结构
A. Long live the solidarity of the people of the world!
B. May you both be happy!
(九)为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时常常把表语或状语部分放在谓语动词前
A. On the ground lay an old sick goat.
B. There, on the shore, were nine savages, sitting round a fire.
C. From a speaker on the wall comes the doctor's voice: “Good morning. ”
D. Inside the pyramids are the burial rooms for the kings and queens and long passages to these rooms.
(十)宾语在多数情况下都紧跟在谓语后面，但当我们特别想强调宾语时，亦可放到主语前面，但句中的主谓不倒装
This they kept for themselves.
All this he fixed together with glue, string, wax and many wires.
(十一)so…that结构中的so置于句首时，需要倒装
A. So excited was he that he couldn't say a word.
B. So loudly did he speak that even people in the next house could hear him.
责任编辑：李芳芳