“将要做某事”种种表达法
在英语中,“将要做某事”的表达方法有多种,并且各自表达的意义也不尽相同,现就我们常见的几种表达方式作一总结:
1. 考点解读：be going to do sth.表示事先经过考虑、已决定或安排或事先做好安排而打算或准备干某事;或是肯定要发生的事。如:
高考真题：--- _______ leave at the end of this month.（06北京）
--- I don’t think you should do that until ________ another job.
A. I’m going to ; you’d found B. I’m going to ; you’ve found
C. I’ll ; you’ll find D. I’ll ; you’d find
举一反三：----What are you going to do when you grow up?
----I'm going to be a doctor.
I think it's going to snow. (肯定要发生的事)
2. 考点解读：will / shall do sth.单纯表示将来,不涉及主语的主观愿望;还表示没有经过事先考虑,只是在说话时临时做出的决定，如:
高考真题-- Your job ________ open for your return. 06北京）
--- Thanks.
A. will be kept B. will keep C. had kept D. had been kept
举一反三：I shall ring you as soon as I arrive there.
I'll meet you at 6 o'clock.
注意:will表示将来意义的时候,不能用于条件句中,但可以用在带条件从句的主句中。如不能说If you will join us, we'll wait for you.
但可以说If you join us, we'll wait for you.如果你参加我们的活动,我们将等你。
3. 考点解读： be to do sth.表示按计划或安排要发生的事。
高考真题：In a room above the store where a party __________, some workers were busily setting the table. （06湖南）
A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D .is being held
举一反三:She was to meet him at an agreed place in the street.
They are to go travelling in August.
Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage is to be avoided.
4. 考点解读： be doing表示按计划或安排最近将要发生的事,一般这一结构只限于某些表示位置转移的动词:come, go, leave, move, start, arrive, return, drive, retire, set off, take off等
高考真题:--- Where did you put the car keys? (06北京）
--- Oh, I ________ I put them on the chair because the phone rang as I ______ in.
A. remembered ; come B. remembered ; was coming
C. remember ; come D. remember ; was coming
Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane________.（06福建）
A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off
举一反三:Don't be nervous. I'm sure he is coming back soon.
Hurry! The train is leaving.快点儿!火车快要开了。
5. 考点解读：用一般现在时态表示将来
1)一般不用一般现在时态来表示将来,但是如果将来的事件已经是"列入日程"的按日历或时刻表要发生的将来动作或事件,常用一般现在时态。：
If you want your film to be properly processed, you’ll have to wait and pick it up on Friday, which is the day after tomorrow.
When do you take your next exams?
注意：常用动词是：be, begin, come, depart, get off, go, leave, return, start等。
2)在时间、让步和条件状语从句中,常用一般现在时态表示将来。如:
高考真题：
--When will you come to see me，Dad?
--1 will go to see you when you ________the training course
A．will have finished B．will finish
C．are finishing D．finish
Hundreds of jobs ________if the factory closes．
A．lose B．will be lost C．are lost D．will lose
举一反三 Tell me as soon as she arrives.她一到就马上告诉我。
If you do that again, I'll hit you.如果你要再那么干,我就揍你。
注意：要区别从句的类型如：
--- What would you do if it _______ tomorrow?(05全国一)
--- We have to carry it on, since we’ve got everything ready.
A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining
I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he home for dinner.（06辽宁）
A. come B. comes C. has come D. will come
思考并回答：上述两题各是什么从句，答案各是哪一个？比较不同类型的从句，你能得出什么结论呢？
6．考点解读： be about to do sth.表达的是最近的将来,意思相当于be on the point of doing sth.或be going to do sth. ,加上just意为“正要,马上就要”
Marlin is a young man of independent thinking who is not about to pay compliments to his political leaders.
I'm just about to read your paper.
注意:be about to do sth.不能和具体的时间状语连用,如不能说He is about to leave at 5 o'clock.
7．考点解读：be on the point of表示“正要,马上就要”,表达的是最近的将来。后面经常跟doing sth.这一结构. be on the point /verge of (doing)表示“马上就要”，
They were losing the battle against the rising water and were on the point of giving up.
I was just on the point of going out when you came in.
注意：一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用。
8． 考点解读：在make sure, make certain, see (to it)， I bet和I hope 后的that从句中，谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时，如：
See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.
(include 不能用will include或其他形式)
I bet you don't get up before ten tomorrow.
I hope you have a nice time in Spain next week.
备考时，除了要记住不同的表达方式各自表示的特殊意义的同时，还要根据语境恰当的推断，也要考虑语态的问题。
强化练习：
1. If a man ________succeed，he must work as hard as he can．(2001上海春季卷35)
A．will B．is to C．is going to D．should
2. Because the shop ________, all the T-shins are sold at half price．
A．has closed down B．closed down
C．is closing down D．had closed down
3. I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he home for dinner.（06辽宁）
A. come B. comes C. has come D. will come
4. The journey that _______ Toby’s life started in July that year.
A. was to change B. changing C. would change D. changed
KEYS: 1. B 2. C 3. D 4. A
责任编辑：李芳芳