形容词与副词
撰稿人：朱国兵
(一) 高考命题趋势
[数据统计]
内
容
年
份
形容词、副词比较等级 形容词、
副词辨析 多个形容
词顺序 其它
’01-’04 14 23 3 2
2005年 8 8 1 1
[命题趋势]
未来的高考测试，热点仍将集中在对形容词、副词的比较等级的考查上，同时继续加强对形容词和副词的基本词义的考查。完形真空和短文改错等题型也都会直接考查形容词和副词。
[应对策略]
形容词和副词虽属于实词，每个词都有一定的意思，在平时学习时应放在一定的语境中进行。因为语音、词汇和句子是语言的有机统一体，脱离句子的词汇和脱离语境的句子都是无法确定其意义的。因此要提倡“词不离句，句不离文。”做题时,要结合语境，注意惯用法和固定搭配，认真辨析，从而做出最佳选择。别外，加强对比较级和最高级表达的学习，尤其是一些常见的句型，要做到张口能诵的程度。
(二) 专题内容归纳
一、 形容词和副词的分类和构成
1.形容词的分类
1)性质形容词：①外观：如long, strong, bit, round, fat, beautiful, old等②性质：如good, clean, new, fresh, soft, excellent等③颜色：如red, black, green, blue, white, brown ④情绪：如 happy, sad, sorry, nervous, anxious等 ⑤性格：如 kind cruel honest foolish lazy, rude等⑥状况：如 careful, blind, deaf, cheap, hungry 等 ⑦评论：如 great, true, necessary, difficult, wrong 等
2)关系形容词：①地域：Chinese, American, Asian, Pacific等 ②质料：wooden, golden, plastic, metallic等 ③科技：electric, chemical, atomic, medical等 ④意识：communist, social, political, religious等 ⑤行业：industrial, military, agricultural, economic等
2.形容词的构成
1) 由后缀构成的形容词
⑴-ern: northern, southern, western, eastern
⑵-ish: foolish, feverish, British, Swedish, Irish
⑶-ive: active, expensive, native, instructive
⑷-ious: serious, curious, obvious, anxious
⑸-able: comfortable, reasonable, valuable, unable
⑹-al: national, natural, political, usual, special
⑺-an: American, Australian, Russian, Italian
⑻-ant: pleasant, constant, important, distant
⑼-ary: revolutionary, necessary, ordinary, primary
⑽-ful: careful, beautiful, wonderful, useful
⑾-less: careless, wireless, useless, harmless
⑿-ly: friendly, lonely, likely, lovely, orderly, daily
⒀-some: handsome, troublesome, tiresome
⒁-ous: famous, dangerous, nervous, continuous
⒂-y: healthy, noisy, windy, rainy, dirty, funny
2)复合形容词的构成
⑴ 副词词干 + 分词：hard-working 勤劳的；bravely-fighting英勇战斗的；well-known闻名的；deep-set深陷的；
⑵ 名词词干 + 过去分词：man-made人造的；snow-covered被雪覆盖的
⑶ 名词词干 + 现在分词：time-consuming耗时的；energy-saving节省能源的；grass-eating食草的
⑷ 名词词干 + 形容词词干：world-famous世界
闻名的；snow-white雪白的；life-long终生的；
oil-rich 石油储量丰富的
⑸ 数词词干 + 名词词干：five-star五星级的；
ten-year 10年的；two-man二人的
⑹ 数词词干 + 名词-ed：three-legged三条腿的；
four-storeyed四层的
⑺ 数词词干 + 名词 + 形容词：five-year-old
5岁的；500-metre-long 500米的；
⑻ 形容词词干 + 过去分词：ready-made现成的
clean-washed洗得干净的
⑼ 形容词词干 + 名词-ed：kind-hearted好心的；
middle-aged中年的；cold-blooded冷血的
⑽ 形容词词干 + 现在分词：ordinary-looking相貌一般的；funny-looking样子滑稽的；swee-
t-smelling闻着香甜可口的
⑾ 形容词词干 + 形容词词干：red-hot炽热的；
dark-blue深蓝色的
3.副词的分类
⑴ 时间副词now, today, tomorrow, ago, lately, soon,
often, usually, early
⑵ 地点副词 outside, upstairs, anywhere, up, here,
forward, there, away, in, back. off
⑶方式副词simply, quickly, happily, loudly, suddenly, luckily, again, once, easily, together
⑷ 程度副词very, quite, rather, extremely, badly,
completely, widely, partly, perfectly, too
⑸ 疑问副词when, where, why, how
⑹ 关系副词when, where, why (引导定语从句)
⑺ 连接副词when, where, why, how (引导名词性从 句和副词性从句)
⑻ 其他surely, certainly, really, however, therefore, yes,
no, perhaps, moreover
4. 副词的构成
⑴ 不加词缀: 只作副词用的。 e.g.
ago, almost, now, often, soon, seldom, never
这类副词较少；许多副词都兼属其他词类。与 adj.同形的 little, enough, far, early, long, fast, well, how其中有些作adj.与作adv.词义不同
⑵ 加前缀“a”: 作副词用。
ahead, abroad在/去国外,aloud, alone, aside这类副词中许多可作“表语形容词”。
⑶ 加“-wise”: 表趋向、方面:
clockwise顺时针地,sidewise靠边地moneywise金钱方面
⑷ 加后缀“-ward(s)”:
表示“趋向”backward(s),forward(s), downward(s), upward(s), inward(s), outward(s), northward(s), homeward(s)
注:加ward可作adj.或adv.；但是,加wards通常作adv.
⑸ 加后缀 “-ly”或“-y”: 大多是“形容词”加-ly; bravely, politely, softly, willingly, anxiously, carefully
例外: true – truly, due – duly
以-le结尾,去e再加-y simple－simply, possible－possibly, gentle－gently例外: sole－solely, whole－wholly 以-ll结尾,只加-y full－fully, dull(呆、暗)－dully以-ic结尾,加-ally basic(基本的)－basically, scientific－scientifically, historic(有历史意义)－historically, atomic(原子的)－atomically例外:public－publicly以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i再加-ly heavy－heavily, happy－happily, busy－busily, angry－angrily, comradely－comradelily
例外:dry－dryly, shy－shyly, day－daily, gay(欢乐)－gaily
⑹ 有两种副词形式与adj.同形时和加-ly作adv.时意义变化较少
bright－brightly cheap－cheaply straight－straightly
close－closely easy－easily firm－firmly
loud－loudly slow－slowly wrong－wrongly
注：使用习惯不同,应注意区别。
与adj.同形时和加-ly作adv.时意义变化大fair公正地/fairly公正/相当地,wide宽阔地/widely广泛地,clean完全、径直地/cleanly利索地,pretty相当/prettily秀美地,free免费地/freely自由地,near近/nearly几乎,hard努力/hardly几乎不,just刚/justly公正地,most最/mostly大多地,high高/highly高度地,deep深/deeply深切,late晚/lately最近
⑺ 词组ざ逃 成语词组
a bit有点,a little稍微,a lot很,a great deal非常,nice and
相当,big and很, first of all首先,too much(…)太,很,(太多…),much too…太过于…
成对词语构成的词组first and last最重要地,far and near到处,heart and soul全心全意地, now and then不时地,heaven and earth尽力地,head and shoulders大大地,high and low到处, more or less几乎,sooner or later终究,side by side并排地
⑻ 复合副词：sometimes有时,nevertheless然而,therefore
因此,outside在外,everywhere各处,however可是,northeast东北,indoors在户内
注: １总的来说,副词从构成形式可分三大类：
１)简单副词,这类词较少；２)派生副词,即加前、
后缀构成,这类词数量极大,尤其加后缀的 形
式较多；３)合成副词,由两个以上单词复合而
成。
２有些加-ly的词,通常作adj.用(其中绝大多数
还可作adv.或n.用。只是这种词当adv.的用法略显古、旧。) e.g.
① This is a monthly (magazine).这是一份月刊。(adj./n.)
② Many magazines come monthly (＝once in a
month).许多杂志每月出一期。(adv.)
这类词可作如下分类：
１只作adj.用 comradely同志式的,homely家常、普通的,costly贵, weatherly 能驶向上风的,earthly尘世/可能的
２可作adj.或adv. 用作adv.时与作adj.时同形likely可能的,deadly致命的,死一般的,masterly熟练的,deathly致命,死一般,hourly每小时,motherly母亲般的,fatherly 父亲式的,sisterly姐妹式的,brotherly兄弟般的作adv.时有两种形式kindly(-lily), lowly(-lily), lonely (-lily)
３可作adj.,或adv.せ騨.用 作adj.与作adv.同形monthly, daily, weekly 作adv.时有两种形式lively
(-lily), lovely(-lily),manly(-lily),friendly(-lily)
二、形容词和副词的句法功用
功用 位置(及用法) 例 证
定语 adj.通常在中心词前 a small Indian boy一名印度小男孩; tie same thing同一件事
adv.通常在中心词后 tie life here这里的生活; tie situation then那时的形势
表
语 副词/形容词在系动词后(“感官”系动词须接形容词作表语。) Charlie isn’t feeling well. 查理现在感觉不舒服。
Nobody was about then. 那时四周无人。
It grew darker. 天变得更暗了。
补
语 作主补, 在谓语后 Tie little match girl was found dead. 人们发现卖火柴的小女孩死了。
We were shown around by a boy. 一个男孩带我们各处看了一下。
作宾补,在宾语后 We find tie book very useful. 我们认为这本书很有用。
Let me show you out. 让我送你出去吧。
状
语 常在被修饰词语前、后。
1. 原因/时间等: 句首、句中
2. 伴随/结果等: 句末、句中 Tired and hot, we stopped to have a break.
由于又累又热,我们停下来歇了一会。
He lay silent on tie grass, very sad. 他默默地躺在草地上,暗自悲伤。
The soldier fell down, dead. 这名士兵倒下牺牲了。
He listened very attentively. 他听得非常认真。
修饰全句时位置较灵活 Sometimes, he(He sometimes ) goes home for lunch.
有时候,他回家吃午饭。
注:形容词前可加the/ these/ those等,当作名词用,表示“某一类/某些/某个人(事/物)”。成对的形容词这样用时也可省去the。 e.g.
the poor穷人们 those dead死去的那些人们 high and low 高低贵贱的人
三、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
1．形容词、副词比较等级构成
1) 大多数单音节adj./adv.和少数以-er,-ow,-le,-y结尾的双音节adj./adv.,加后缀-(e)r/-(e)st,变成比较级和最高级词形。
①直接加-er/-est
②以-e结尾的只加-r/-st
③结尾是重读音节并且是“辅音字母＋元音字母＋辅音
字母”,双写结尾字母再加-er/-est
④以“辅音字母＋y”结尾，变i为y，再加-er/-est
adj. thick thicker the thickest
adv. soon sooner (the) soonest
adj. noble nobler the noblest
adv. wide wider (the) widest
adj. big bigger the biggest
adj. easy easier the easiest
adv. early earlier (the) earliest
2) 多音节的和许多双音节的adj./adv.,以及部分加词缀-ly等变来或由分词变来的adj. adv.,加前缀more、most构成比较等级形式。 e.g.
interesting more interesting the most interesting一些
单、双音节词real more real the most real一些派生词tiresome more tiresome the most tiresome由分词变来的tired more tired the most tired多音节词probably more probably (the)most probably大部分双音节词seldom more seldom (the) most seldom派生词slowly more slowly (the) most slowly
① 当今英语似有多用more和most构成比较等级的趋势。尤其在作“表语”,并且后接“than”结构时,多用这种变化形式。e.g.
fit－fitter－fittest
如：He’s more fit than anyone else.他比别人更合适。
② 加-ly后只能作adv.用的,一般加more、most；若可作 adj.,大都变-ly为-lier、-liest。e.g.
lovely (adj./adv./n.)－lovelier－loveliest/more lovely
－most lovely
quickly (adv.) －more quickly－ most quickly
③ adj.最高级前的the不能有；adv.最高级前的the可省。
3) 许多词变比较等级时,前面加more/most或词尾加-er/-est都可。
如：able, clear, clever, correct, cruel, dear, free, friendly,
happy, handsome, likely, lively, often, pleasant, right, simple, quiet, solid, strange, strict, stupid, wrong, etc.
①cruel－crueler/more cruel－cruelest/most cruel
②often－oftener/more often－oftenest/most often
4)不规则变化。
①good/well better best
②many/much more most
③little less(lesser) least
④ill/bad/badly worse(worser)worst
⑤far (距离)farther farthest (程度)further furthest
⑥late (时间)later latest (顺序)latter last
⑦old (年岁)older oldest (排行)elder eldest
2．比较等级基本句型
あ賏s＋原级adj.＋as…
as＋原级adv.＋as…
表示两者之间某种性质程度相等 e.g.
The sheets are as white as snow (is).床单雪白。
He got up as early as usual. 他起得同平常一样早。
②not as (so)＋原级adj.＋as…
not as (so)＋原级adv.＋as…
表示前者某方面与后者不一样或不如后者
She is not as tall as he.她与他不一样高。/她没有他高。
She does not run so fast as he.她跑得没他快。
③比较级adj.＋than…
比较级adv.＋than…
表示前者某方面性质的程度更甚于后者
Her hair is longer than yours.她的头发比你的长。
A car goes faster than a truck.汽车比卡车跑得快。
④Which＋v.＋比较级adj., adv.,＋A or B？
在两者间进行比较并要求作出抉择
Which is stronger, Tom or Jack？汤姆和杰克,哪个力气大？
Which runs faster, Tom or Jack？汤姆和杰克谁跑得快些？
⑤比较级adj.＋and＋比较级adj.(越来越……)
比较级adv.＋and＋比较级adv.(越来越……)
在“系动词”后作表语，作定语在名词前，作状
在动词后。
It gets warmer and warmer.天气越来越暖和。
We have more and more friends.我们的朋友越来越多。
He ran faster and faster.他跑得愈来愈快。
⑥最高级adj./adv.＋比较范围(of…/in…等)
用于三者及其以上范围；of接与主语同类的名词
He is the tallest of the three.他是这三人中最高的。
He runs fastest in his class.他是全班跑得最快的。
⑦比较级＋than, if… as＋原级＋as；as＋原级＋as, if…比较级＋than
所用各等级各自的结构都要完整、明确
His work is as good, if not better than, as yours.
他的工作即使不比你的更好,也与你的一样。
附：几个较特殊的比较等级句型：
① “the same (＋名)＋as”:“与…一样”。 e.g.
This river is the same length as that one.(＝as long as)这条河与那条河一样长。
② “the＋比较级＋of the(二者)”: “(两者)中较…的”。e.g.
He is the braver of the two boys.
他是这两个男孩中较勇敢的一个。
③ “less＋原级＋than”:“比…更不…”。(相当于“not so＋原级＋as”。) e.g.
This book is less difficult than that one.(＝not so difficult as) 这本书没那本书那么难。
④“the＋比较级＋…,the＋比较级＋…”:“越…就越…”。
应记住“比较级”前的定冠词“the”不能省。第二部分是
“主句”,第一部分是起“条件状语从句”作用的,故不使用“将来时态”。 e.g.
The harder you work, the greater progress you’ll make.(＝If you work harder, you’ll make greater progress). 你越努力,进步就越大。
⑤ “more and more＋原级”:“越来越…”。(＝比较级＋and＋比较级)e.g.
He is more and more active in sports.
他对参加体育运动越来越积极了。
(注意,这种句型结构后不接than。)
３．几个含意特殊的比较结构
1) more than接“名词”时表示“不仅”；接“形容词、副词、动词”时表示“非常”。 e.g.
①It’s more than a gift；it’s our love.这不仅是件礼品,它代表了我们的爱心。
② We were more than excited at the news.听到这个消
息时我们极其兴奋。
2) more (A) than (B)表示“是A而不是B”或“与其说是B,不如说是A”。 e.g.
①He is more good than bad.他象是好而不是坏。
②He’s more like a spear than anything else.与其说他象别的东西,不如说他象支梭镖。
③She was more sad than angry.与其说她是在生气,不
如说是难过。
3) no more than (＋数词/名词)表示“仅仅,只不过”(感叹
其“少、小”)。
no more than (＋句子)表示“与…都不…”(主句和从句
同时否定)。 e.g.
①His schooling is no more than one year.
他仅上了一年学。
②He is no more than an officer.他
不过是一名军官罢了。
③Tom was no wiser than Mike.汤姆和迈克一样蠢(不
聪明)。(从句中省略了谓语部分。)
4) not more than(＋数词)表示“不多于…”。(not＋比较级＋than＋句子:“不比…更…”。) e.g.
①There’re not more than 800 students in this school.
这所学校的学生不会超过八百人。
②He did not get up earlier than I (did).他起得不比我早。
5) no less than (＋数词)表示“多达…”。(感叹其多)。e.g.
No less than fifty were wounded.受伤者多达五十人。
6) not less than (＋数词)表示“不少于…”。e.g.
There were not less than a thousand visitors.游客不下一千人。
7) more or less表示“有点(＝a little bit)；几乎(＝nearly, almost)；大约(＝about)；全然(＝at all)”。e.g.
①He was more or less willing to help.他多少有些愿意帮忙。
②The work’s more or less completed.这工作差不多完成了。
③The repairs to the car will cost f５０ more or less.修这辆车大概要花50镑左右。
④His suggestions are not practical, more or less.他的建议毫不实际。
8) no longer/not…any longer“不再”。(表示“不再持续”。)
At last, after a year he could not wait any longer.
一年后,他终于再也不能等待了。
9) no more/not…any more “不再”。(表示“量”不再迭加。修饰动词时,指“次数”不再迭加)。 e.g.
①The baby watched and listened. She didn’t cry any more.婴儿看着、听着,再也不哭了。(指不再次重复某动作。)
②Some more meat？No, no more, thanks.
再吃点肉吧？不再要了,谢谢。
10) No sooner…than “一…就…”。 e.g.
No sooner had we got home than it began pouring.
我们刚一到家,就下起大雨来。
(主句主谓倒装,用过去完成时；than从句用一般过去时。)
11) (a) most… “非常”。(这种用法中,可不用冠词,也可用“a/an”。) e.g.
①It’s most beautiful.真是美极了！
②Marx was a most learned man.马克思是学识非常渊博的人。
12) not/never/nothing+比较级“再…不过/最…”。e.g.
①It can’t be better.最好。(＝It’s the best.)
②It couldn't be worse.最差不过。(＝It’s the worst.)
13) as +原级A(adj./adv.)+ as +原级B(adj./adv.)“既…又…”或“又…又…”。e.g.
①This method is as simple as practical.
这种方法既简单又实用。
②The wheel turns as fast as stably.
轮子转得又快又稳。
14) as + adj.(原级A) + as(代词+be)+ adj.(原级B)“(并列)不但…而且…/(转折)虽然…但…”。 e.g.
①She is as gifted as (she is) diligent.她不但有天赋而且勤奋。
②Tie wheel turns as fast as(it turns)stable.这个轮子转起来又快又稳。
③ That piece of porcelain is as fragile as(it is)precious.那片瓷器很脆,但很珍贵。
④Tie lady is as old as(she is) energetic.这位妇女虽然年迈,却仍然精力旺盛。
15) as + adj. / adv.(原级A) + as + adj. / adv. (原级A)“再…不过/最…/极其…”。(加强语气) e.g.
①it is as plain as plain.那是再明白不过的了。
②What you said is as wrong as wrong.你说的话大错特错。
③Tie old lady is as kind as kind.这位老太太最善良。
④His achievements made him as proud as proud.
他的成就使他感到极其自豪。
16) as + adj./adv.(原级) + as + possible(代词+can/could)
“尽可能…/尽量…”。 e.g.
Come as soon as possible. (＝Come as soon as you can.) 尽快来吧。
17)也有用as + adj. / adv.(原级) + as + any(man)alive(anything/ anyone in tie world/ever lived/need be/...)表示“最…/极为…”。(极限程度)
e.g.
①He is as clever as any man alive.他的聪明绝不亚于任何人。
②She studies as hard as anyone in the world.她学习比任何人都努力。
③This general is as brave a man as ever lived.
这位将军是古今中外少有的勇士。
④Tom was as wise a chap as need be.
汤姆是个极其明智的小伙子。
18) 有些“as … as”结构有固定的含义。 e.g.
as well as(与…一样好/也); as good as(实际/几乎等于…);as early as(早在…); as soon as(一…就…); as long as(达…之久/只要…就…); as far as(远达…/就…来说); as often as not(时常/屡次); as …again as(是…的两倍); as…as anything(非常地/无可比拟地); not so much as(竟然…也不/也没…); as much as to say(等于说); as likely as not(或许/多半); as little as may be(越少越好); …等。
4．比较等级用法注意要点
(1)、比较结构方面的错误
应避免多词、少词或构词错误等。e.g.
①(误)She works more harder than I.
(正)She works (much)harder than I.
她比我努力(得多)。
分析:“harder”已是“比较级”形式,前面不能再加more。
②(误)The earlier you start, sooner you’ll be back.
(正)The earlier you start, the sooner you’ll be back.
早动身,早归来。
分析:“early”的比较级应是“earlier”；“the＋比较级”＋“the
＋比较级”的固定句型中主句和从句开头的定冠词“the”
不能遗漏。
③(误)He runs fast as I do.
(正)He runs as fast as I (do).
他和我跑得一样快。
分析:“as…as”结构要保持完整。
(2)、比较对象方面：比较对象应清楚、正确。e.g.
① (误)Her English is as fluent as I.
(正)Her English is as fluent as mine.
(正)She speaks English as fluently as I(do).
她讲英语和我一样流利。
分析:“Her English”应与“mine”(＝my English)比较；而“She”才能与“I”比较。
②(误)He runs faster than any boy in his class.
(正)He runs faster than any other boy in his class.
(正)He runs (the)fastest (of the boys) in his class.
他比他班上任何男孩都跑得(更)快/他是他班上男生中跑得最快的。
分析:“faster”是比较级,用于“两者间”比较；“He”要与“他
班上”除开He本人以外“的”任何男生比,所以加other,“比
较对象”才正确。若用最高级(fastest),则是包括“He”在内
班上所有的男生一起作比较。
(3)、“替代”、“省略”
应保证句义和结构正确、清楚。e.g.
①比较状语从句的行为动词或整个谓语常用“do, does, did”替代。若从句谓语中有“be动词、助动词或情态动词”,则用相应的“be动词、助动词”或“情态动词”替代。e.g.
A) I spend as much time watching TV as he ______.
A. writes B. does writing
C. writing D. is writing
答案: B。译文:我看电视和他写作花的时间一样多。
分析:“does”替代“spends time”；“(in)writing”表示“在写作
方面”(in可省),与“watching TV”(“在看电视方面”)构成对
照比较。
B) Try as hard as you can.尽力试试。(这里,“can”替代“can try hard”。)
②比较结构中“替代词“that/one/ones/the one/the ones/those”的用法:
A) 泛指:表示“任哪一个/些…”。 例句
I. one可数名词单数
An iron bridge is stronger than one built of stone.
铁桥比石桥坚固。
II. ones可数名词复数
Small bananas are often better than bigger ones.
小香蕉常常比大香蕉好吃。
B) 特指:表示“…的(那种/个/些)…”。 例句
I. that不可数名词
The water in wells is cleaner than that in rivers.
井水比河水干净。
II. the one或that可数名词单数
The book in your hand is cheaper than the one (that) on the shelf.你手上的这本书比书架上那本便宜些。
III. the ones或those可数名词复数
The students in Class V work as hard as the ones (those) in Class VI.
五班的学生和六班的学生一样用功。
e.g. 冬天北京的天气比成都冷。
I. The weather is colder in winter in Beijing than it in Chengdu.(误)
II. The weather is colder in winter in Beijing than that in Chengdu.(正)
III. It’s colder in Beijing in winter than (it is) in Chengdu.(正)
分析:第I句中,应是两个各不相同的“weather”之间比较。从句的weather由in Chengdu限定,不是主句那个weather,因而不能用“it”代(it指代上文涉及的那一事/物本身),只能用that替代这个“特指的不可数名词”。也可如第III句那样,主句、从句各自用非人称代词“it”表示“天气”,作主语。
(4)含“绝对”意义,无比较等级变化的adj./adv.
① 这类词通常有:absolute(ly)(绝对的/地),final(ly)(最终的/地),first, last, only, golden(金色的),dead, black, hopeless, excellent(ly),perfect(ly), primary(首要的), right(正确、右边), left(左边),living(活的), round(圆的), square(方的),total(ly)(总的/地), monthly, full(y), etc. e.g.
(误)This is my most favorite novel.
(正)This is my favorite novel. 这是我最喜欢的小说。
分析:“favorite”本身含“最喜欢”之义,无比较等级形式。
②但其意义转化或作比喻意义使用时,也有用于比较
等级的。お
（三）高考热点预测
[例1]
Although I can walk about, there is still a ________ pain
in my leg. (2004年上海春)
A. weak B. slight C. tender D. soft
[名师讲解] 答案：B。句意：尽管我可以四处走动，但我的腿还是有点儿轻微的疼痛。
[细节与高分] 本题考查了以下四个词的语义差别：weak身体弱，无力气的，容易被击败的，功能不佳的，无说服力的；slight不严重的，轻微的，细长的；tender脆弱的，心肠软的，温和的，文雅的，（肉）嫩的，柔软的；soft软的，光滑柔软的，（光线、色彩）柔和的，（风）温和的，（声音）轻柔的，有同情心的，缺乏勇气的。上题题干中指疼痛的程度是“轻微的”，故A、C、D三项都不恰当。
[例2]
Mary kept weighing herself to see how much _______ she
was getting. (NMET 2004)
A. heavier B. heavy C. the heavier D. the heaviest
[名师讲解] 答案：A。句意：玛丽不断地称体重，看看体重增了多少。本题的语境决定了Mary想要知道自己的体重变化情况。
[细节与高分]much作副词时，不能修饰一般形容词、副词的原级形式，而：①常与否定动词连用；②与作形容词的过去分词以及以a-开头的表语形容词连用；③与形容词的比较级和最高级连用。此题易错选B项，注意，
我们可以说how heavy，但不可以说how much heavy。我们可以另设一个情景：Mary weighed herself to see how heavy she was. 玛丽称了一下，看自己的体重是多
（四）高考提高训练
1. My parents will move back into town in a year or_______. (05NI/II)
A. later B. after C. so D. about
答案：C。“a year or so”意为“一年左右”。
2. -- Is your headache getting ________?
-- No, it’s worse. (05NIII)
A. better B. bad C. less D. well
答案：A。“get better”意为“好些了”。
3. John is very lazy. He falls ______ behind in his studies. (05广东)
A. very B. far C. more D. still
答案：B。程度状语“far”意为“远远地/ 大大地”。
4. The more I think about him, the more reasons I find for loving him _______ I did. (05湖南)
A. as much as B. as long as
C. as soon as D. as far as
答案：A。“as much as I did(=loved him)”修饰“loving him”，意为“曾那么甚地(爱过他)”。
5. My mother always gets a bit ______ if we don’t arrive when we say we will. (05浙江)
A. anxious B. ashamed C. weak D. patient
答案：A。“anxious”在这里意为“焦急”。
6. Maggie has been fortunate to find a job she loves and, ______, she gets well paid for it.
A. sooner or later B. what’s more
C. as a result D. more or less (05浙江)
答案：B。“what’s more”意为“而且/另外”，表示“程度更进一步”。
7. Bob ran the 100 meters in 9.91 seconds, and I have not seen ______ this year. (05浙江)
A. the best B. better
C. the most D. more
答案：B。意为“我今年还见过(比这)更好的成绩”。
8. If it is quite to you, I will visit you next Tuesday.
(05天津)
A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable
答案：A。意为“如果你很方便的话”。
9. -- Have you been to New Zealand? (05山东)
-- No. I’d love to, _______.
A. too B. though C. yet D. either
答案：B。“though”这里作副词用，置句末，意为“可是
/然而”。注意，“though”这里不能换用“although”。
10. Mr. Smith owns _____ collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met. (05山东)
A. larger B. a larger
C. the large D. a large
答案：B。意为“一项(数量)更大的收藏品”。
11. -- Must I turn off the gas after cooking?
-- Of course. You can never be _________careful with that.
A. enough B. too C. so D. very
答案：B。意为“你对此应越小心越好”。
12. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much ___ she was getting.
A. heavier B. heavy
C. the heavier D. the heaviest
答案：A。句意是“玛丽总是在量体重，看长重了多少”;
与原体重比, 所以用“比较级”。
13. I must be getting fat -- I can ______ do my trousers up.
A. fairly B. hardly C. nearly D. seldom
答案：B。上文“我一定长胖了”是从下文“裤子几乎不能穿”推测而知。
14. When we plan our vacation, mother often offers _____ suggestions.
A. careful B. practical
C. effective D. acceptable
答案：B。“practical”意思是“实用的”。
15. It is re ported that the United States uses _____ energy as
the whole of Europe.
A. as twice B. twice much
C. twice much as D. twice as much
答案：D。“倍数+ as…as…”。
16. Lizzie was _______to see her friend off at the airport.
A. a little more than sad B. more than a little sad
C. sad more than a little D. a little more sad than
答案：B。“more than”在这里意思是“非常/ 很”。
17. If you can't come tomorrow, we'll _______have to hold the meeting next week.
A. yet B. even C. rather D. just
答案：D。“just have to”在此意为“只好”。
18. Mr. Smith used to smoke but he has given it up.
A. seriously B. heavily C. badly D. hardly
答案：D。从下文看是“smoke heavily”表示“吸烟吸得厉害”。
19. He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _____ a native speaker.
A. as fluent as B. more fluent than
C. so fluently as D. much fluently than
答案：C。意为“像讲母语者那样流利”，修饰“speaks”。
20. Most people on this island are recreational fishers, and ________, fishing forms an actual part of their leisure time.
A. accidentally B. purposefully
C. obviously D. formally
答案：C。“obviously”意为“很显然”。
21. In _______Chinese culture, marriage decisions were often made by parents for their children.
A. traditional B. historic C. remote D. initial
答案：A。“traditional” 意为“传统的”。
22. Some people like dirking coffee, for it has _______ effects.
A. promoting B. stimulating
C. enhancing D. encouraging
答案：B。“stimulating”有“刺激/ 使兴奋”之意。
23. ______ students are required to take part in the boat race.
A. Ten strong young Chinese
B. Ten Chinese strong young
C. Chinese ten young strong
D. Young strong ten Chinese
答案：A。“多个前置并列定语”的一般顺序是“限定词 – 一般描绘 – 大小 – 性质 – 色彩 – 长幼/新旧– 国籍/出处 – 材质 – 用途/类别 -- / .. + 中心词”。其“一般原则”是：修饰/限定语越具“实质/具体”性，就越靠近“中心词”。
24. The_________ house smells as if it hasn't been lived in for years.
A. little white wooden B. little wooden white
C. white wooden little D. wooden white little
答案：A。(同上题)
25. That doesn't sound very frightening, Paul. I've seen . What did you like most about the film?
A. better B. worse C. best D. worst
答案：B。意为“(比这)更糟的”。“frightening”含“贬义”，所以排除A。
26. It is _____ any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much.
A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly
答案：D。“hardly any”=“no”。
27. Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasn’t always _______ much to do.
A. such B. that C. more D. very
答案：B。“that”在此等于“so”。
28. The great success of this programme has been ______ due to the support given by the local businessmen.
A. rather B. very C. quickly D. largely
答案：D。“largely”意为“很大程度上”。
29. The number of people present at the concert was _______ than expected. There were many tickets left.
A. much smaller B. much more
C. much larger D. many more
答案：A。“来听音乐会的人的数目比预计少了许多”，所以“剩了许多票”。
30. Our neighbor has _______ ours.
A. as a big house as
B. as big a house as
C. the same big house as
D. a house the same big as
答案：B。前一个“as”作副词修饰“big”，所以冠词“a”后移。
31. Those who change mobile phones frequently will pay a heavy price for being .
A. graceful B. fashionable
C. particular D. feasible
答案：B。意为“时髦/时尚”。A:“优雅”；C:“挑剔/讲究”；D:“可行的”。
32. All the people _______ at the party were his supporters.
A. present B. thankful
C. interested D. important
答案：A。意为“出席/在场的”。
33. -- You don't look very ____. Are you ill?
-- No, I'm just a bit tired.
A. good B. well C. strong D. healthy
答案：B。“well”作表语时可表示“in good health(健康/ 身
体好)”。
34. Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ________,
neither of them could swim.
A. In fact B. Luckily
C. Unfortunately D. Naturally
答案：C。“跌入海里又不会游泳”当然是“不幸”的。
35. -- I was riding along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.
-- You can never be ____ careful in the street.
A. much B. very C. so D. too
答案：D。“cannot/never be too careful; cannot/never be careful enough”表示“再小心也不过分/越小心越好”。
责任编辑：李芳芳