Unit 9 Book 2Language Points

发布时间:2016-2-17 编辑:互联网 手机版

重点词语用法

1.room的用法

1)room 用作不可数名词,意为“(未占用的或可利用的)空间;地位;余地”。例如:

①Is there room for me?

还有我的地方吗?

②There's room for three more.

还有三个人的位置。

③I haven't much room to move here.

我这儿没有多少活动余地。

④Can you make room for another?

你还能腾出一个人(或一件东西)的地方吗?

⑤This table takes up too much room----we'd better put it out.

这张桌子占的地方太大,我们最好把它搬到外面去。

2)room用作可数名词,意为“房间;一套房间;寓所”。例如:

①How many rooms are there in this house?

这所房子里有多少房间?

②This room is a very pleasant one.

这个房间很舒服。

【注意】与room常合成的词有:bathroom 洗澡间; sitting-room 起居室;din-ning-room 饭厅;schoolroom 教室

2.hold的用法

1)hold 用作动词,意为“抓住”,常用“hold sb. by the+表身体部位的名词”结构。

①She was holding her father's hand.

她紧紧抓住父亲的手。

②I hold him by the sleeve.

我抓住了他的袖子。

2)hold可用于表示“承受(某人/物)的重量;支承”。

①Is that branch strong enough to hold you?

那树枝经得住你吗?

②The dam gave away. It was not strong enough to hold the flood waters.

水坝塌了,它不够坚固,挡不住洪水。

3)hold可用于表示“容纳,包含”之意,不用进行时态,也不用被动结构。

①This barrel holds 25 litres.

这个桶能装 25升。

②I don't think the car can hold you all.

我看这辆车坐不下你们这些人。

③My brain can't hold so much information at one time.

我脑子一下子记不住这么多信息。

4)hold可用于表示“使保持(某种状态)”之意,常在宾语后接介词短语、形容词或分词,表示该宾语的位置、姿态或状态。

①She held her baby in her arms.

她抱着她的小孩。

②He is holding a cigarette between his lips.

他嘴里叼着一支香烟。

③They held their heads high.

他们把头抬得高高的。

④I couldn't hold the door closed .

我没法把门关上。

5)hold还可作“认为,相信,持有某种观点”解。

①People once held that the earth was flat.

人们曾一度相信地球是平的。

②I hold the view that the plan cannot work.

我认为那个计划不可行。

6)hold还可表示“召开,举行(会议等)”。

①The meeting will be held in the community centre.

会议将在社区活动中心举行。

②We hold a general election every four or five years.

我们每四五年举行一次大选。

③The Motor Show is usually held in October.

汽车展览会通常在十月举行。

7)在电话交谈中,我们常说 Hold on, please.意为“请别挂掉。”

8)习语hold one's tongue意为“住嘴”,多用于祈使句。

Hold your tongue! Don't bother me any more.

住嘴!别再打扰我了。

3.sight的用法

sight[sait]意为“视力;目光”,是不可数名词。 catch sight of意为“看见”,lose sight of意为“看不见”,go sightseeing意为“去观光”,get nearsighted意为“变成近视眼”。例如:

①Out of sight, out of mind.

眼不见,心不念。

②Standing at the top of the hill you can catch sight of the whole city.

站在山顶,我们能够看见全城的景色。

③I used to have a good sight, but because of years of hard work, I got nearsighted.

我过去视力很好,但由于常年的艰苦工作,我变成了近视眼。

④The little boy lost his sight after three year's illness.

那个小男孩病了三年之后失明了。

【注意】sight还可以作“景象;情景”解。例如:

⑤The sunset with the colourful cloud behind it is a beautiful sight.

这落日的景象衬托着后面的彩云真美啊。

⑥The earthquake was a frightening sight.

那次地震的情景真可怕。

4.fit的用法

1)表示与职务、身份、场合是否相称,用形容词fit,词组为 be fit for。

①The book is fit for children.

这种书适合儿童阅读。

②She is not fit for the job.

她不能胜任这工作。

2)表示衣服鞋袜等是否合身要用动词fit。

①His coat fits beautifully.

他的上衣很合身。

②This suit doesn't fit me well. Have you got a larger size?

这套西装不怎么合身,有尺码大一点儿的吗?

3)fit用作形容词,还有“恰当的,得体的;健康的”的意思。

①The room is a fit place for study.

那间房很适合学习用。

②He keeps himself fit by running 5 miles every day.

他每天跑5英里以保持身体健康。

4)fit用作动词还有“配合,安装”的意思

①The key doesn't fit the lock.

钥匙和锁不配。

②A man came and fitted the telephone for her.

来了个人替她把电话装上了。

5.water 的用法

1)water ['w&t+]作“水”解时是不可数名词,不用复数形式;但在指大量的水(mass of water),如海水、湖水或河水时,常用复数形式 waters。例如:

①One week without water makes one weak.

一周不饮水,将使人虚弱。

②If you have a fever, you must drink plenty of water.

如果你发烧,就必须喝足量的水。

③In summer we usually find Huanghe River full of waters.

夏天我们通常发现水满黄河。

④Have you seen the place where the waters of the Changjiang River flow out into the East Sea?

你见到过长江的入海处吗?

2)water 既可用作名词,意为“水”;又可用作动词,意为“浇水,灌溉;加水;泪水流出;流口水”。如:

①It's very dry, and we must water the garden.

天很干,我们应该浇园了。

②They were watering the streets.

他们正在街上洒水。

③Our ship watered at every port we visited.

我们的船每到一港口,就加水一次。

④The smoke made my eyes water.

烟使我眼睛流泪。

⑤The smell from the kitchen made my mouth water.

厨房的气味使我直流口水。

6.dirty的用法

dirty['d+:ti](= make dirty) vt.弄脏;变脏/vi.变脏。例如:

①The student dirtied his new books carelessly.

那个学生不小心弄脏了他的新书。

②On rainy days, the bicycle dirties quickly.

雨天,自行车很快就脏了。

【注意】在英语中,有一些形容词可以转化为动词。又如:

③They calmed down after the quarrel.

争吵之后他们平静下来。

④You must slow down when you come into the town.

进入城镇,你就必须减慢速度。

⑤It can help to cool the soup.

它可以帮助汤凉下来。

④In order to better their life, they worked very hard.

它们为了改善生活,工作非常努力。

7.after的用法

1)after用作介词时,后面可接名词或动名词。例如:

①They ate in a restaurant after the film.(=After seeing the film. they ate in a restaurant.)

看完电影后,他们在一家餐馆吃了饭。

after不是副词,不能与 afterwards,then或 after that互换使用。例如:

②They went to the cinema and afterwards (then/after that) they ate in a restaurant. (×…and after they ate in a restaurant.)

他们先去看电影,然后在一家餐馆吃了饭。

2)after也可用作连词,引导一个时间状语从句,意为“在……之后”。例如:

①I called him after you told me his telephone number.

在你告诉我他的电话号码后,我便给他打了电话。

②Soon after he entered the classroom , the students stood up and said hello to the teacher.

老师刚一进教室,同学们就站了起来并向老师问好。

8.home 意为“动植物的产地或栖息地”。例如:

①Do you know the home of the tigers?

你知道老虎的产地吗?

②Heze is quite famous for its peony flowers .It is the home of peony.

菏泽以牡丹花著名,它是牡丹之乡。

③The teacher told us that the home of the lion was Africa.

老师告诉我们狮子的产地是非洲。

9.present

1)present用作形容词,表示“出席,在场”,读作['preznt]。

①Were you present when the news was announced?

宣布消息时你在场吗?

②Everybody present welcomed the decision.

出席的每个人都欢迎那个决议。

③There were 200 people present at the meeting.

有200人到会。

2)present 用作形容词,还可表示“现有的,现在的”。

①You can't use it in its present condition.

目前这样情形你无法使用。

②After being taken back 200 years, we were suddenly returned to the present day.

我们刚还在200年前的历史场景中,一下子又回到了现在。

3)present 可用作名词表示“现在、目前”的时间概念。

①We learn from the past, experience the present , and hope for success in the future.

我们从过去中学习,从现在体验并展望未来成功。

②She is busy at present and can't speak to you.

她现在很忙,不能和你说话。

4)present 用作名词,还可表示“礼物”之意。

①I'm buying it for a present, so please wrap it up nicely.

我买这东西送人,请帮我好好包装一下。

②He admired my old typewriter so much, I made him a present of it.

他非常喜欢我的旧打字机,所以我就送给他了。

5)present 用作动词,可表示“捐赠;介绍(正式的)”的意思,读作[pri'zent]。

①they presented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son.

为纪念儿子他们向学院捐赠了一大笔钱。

②The ambassador was presented to the president.

大使被引见给总统。

10.square 的用法

1)square 是可数名词,表示“正方形”

①The handkerchief is a square .

这块手帕是方形的。

②The handkerchief is in the shape of a square.

这块手帕是正方形的。

【注意】其它表示形状的词有: rectangle(oblong)长方形, triangle三角 形,quadrangle 四角形, pentagon五角形, hexagon 六角形, heptagon 七角形,polygon多角形

2)square 作“广场”解,常与专有名词连用。

Venice Square (罗马)威尼斯广场

Tian An Men Square 天安门广场

the Red square (莫斯科)红场

the People's Square in Shanghai 上海人民广场

3)square 用作形容词,表示“平方的”。

①one square meter 一平方米

②A carpet six meters square has an area of 36 square meters.

六米见方的地毯面积为36平方米。

【注意】圆形广场叫circus,方形广场叫square

11.else的用法

1)else在该句中用作形容词,意为“别的”,“其它的”。它作形容词常用来修饰疑问代词 who,whom,whose,what;不定代词all,little,much及以any-,every-,some-,no-加上-body,-one,-thing构成的复合不定代词。else要放在它所修饰的词之后。

①What else can I do for you?

还有什么事我可以为你做的呢?

②He is more diligent than anyone else in his class.

他比班里的其他任何学生都勤奋。

③Someone else may see it.

还有别的人可能看到了。

④I have much else to say about this.

关于此事我还有更多的话要说。

【注意】other 作形容词用时词义与 else相同,但用法不一样:other通常修饰普通名词,且放在被修饰词之前。上述有关句子可改为:

①What other thing can I do for you?

我还可以为你做点什么别的事吗?

②He is more diligent than any other student in his class.

他比班里其他别的学生都更勤奋。

③Some other person may see it.

其他人可能看见它。

2)else用作副词,意为“另外”,“其他”,用来修饰疑问副词how,when,where,why及以any-,every-,no-some-加上-where构成的词。如:

①Why else were you absent from class?

你缺课还有什么别的原因?

②We went nowhere else.

我们没去别处。

12.reason & cause

1)reason 是指“(为什么做某事)的原因,理由”。(人的主观性)

①You have no reason to get angry.

你没有理由发脾气。

②Tell me the reason why you are so late this morning.

告诉我你今天早上来得这么晚的理由。

2)cause 是指“(引起一件事发生的)起因。”(客观因素)

①The cause of the fire was carelessness.

起火的原因是不谨慎。

②We can't get rid of war until we get rid of the causes of war.

不首先消失战争的起因,就不能消灭战争。

重要词组短语

1.go on doing sth .继续做原来的事情;go on to do sth .接着去做另一件事。例如:

①After reading the text, we went on to translate some sentences.

读完课文,我们接着翻译了几个句子。

②The students went on talking and laughing all the way.

同学们一路上不停地谈笑。

③After a short break, he went on writing the letter.

休息一会后,他继续写了这信。

④If the population goes on increasing , there will only be standing room left for us next century!

如果人口继续增长的话,下个世纪我们就只有站的地方了。

2.be fit for 意为“适合于”。例如:

①The old man is so weak and he isn't fit for the job.

那位老人太虚弱了,不适合于这项工作。

②Our headmaster is fit for his position.

我们的校长是称职的。

▲be fit to do sth. 意为“适合于做某事”。例如:

③The glasses too large. They are not fit for me to wear.

这架眼镜太大了,不 适合我的。

④I do think she is fit to look after the children .

我的确认为,她是适合照顾这些孩子的。

3.agree,agree to,agree with&agree on 的用法区别

1)agree后可接不定式,也可接that从句。

①He agreed to finish the job as soon as possible.

他同意尽早结束这项工作。

②I am sure you will agree that it is most important for us to keep fit.

十分重要的是要保持身体健康。关于这一点我肯定你会同意的。

2)agree with sb. 表示“同意某人的意见”,也可接what 从句。

①I agreed with you.

我同意你的意见。

②I agree with what you have said.

我同意你说的话。

3)agree to 表示对所述之事表示肯定或答应。

He has agreed to this arrangement .

对于此项安排,他已经表示同意。

4)agree on 表示“商定,达成协议”。

Can we agree on a date for the next meeting!

我们可否商定下次开会的日期?

4.to one's joy

“to one's+感情名词”或“to the+感情名词+ of”结构,用作结果状语。常见的感情名词有joy(高兴),delight(欢喜),surprise(惊奇),astonishment(吃惊),disappointment(失望),amusement(好笑),annoyance (烦恼),horror(恐惧),shame(羞愧),relief(安心)等。

①To our astonishment, she began to laugh.

使我们吃惊的是她笑了起来。

②To the disappointment of the spectators, the match had to be abandoned.

令观众失望的是,这次比赛不得不取消。

③He has recovered, much to the delight of his friends.

他病好了,使得朋友们大为欢喜。

5.cut down 意为“砍伐、砍倒”,另外还可以作“削减”解。例如:

①Young trees are not allowed to cut down in some countries.

在一些国家不允许砍伐小树。

②The bullets cut down the soldiers like corns.

子弹象砍玉米一样将士兵一排排射倒。

③We must cut down the expenses.

我们必须削减开支。

④The tailor cut the dress down.

裁缝把衣服改小了。

6.in place 是一个固定词组,意为“在原来的地方”。例如:

①You must put every book in place after reading .

你阅读后,必须把每一本书都放回原处。

②We should put the shoes in place before we decided which pair to buy.

在我们确定买那一双之前,我们应该将鞋子放回原处。

③The manager persuaded us to keep the bicycle in place.

管理人员说服我们把自行车放回原出。

④We'd better leave the computer and printer in place in order to protect them.

我们最好将电脑和打印机留在原来的地方,以便保护它们。

7.表示一类人,可以用“the+形容词或过去分词”形式。例如:

the rich= the rich people 富人

the poor = the poor people 穷人

the young= the young people 年青人

the old=the old people 老人

the wounded= the wounded people 伤员

the deaf = the deaf people 聋子

the laid-off= the laid-off workers 下岗职工

the unemployed= the unemployed people失业者

the dead = the dead people 死人

8.play a part(in)意为“在……中起作用”。例如:

①Most Irish people go to church every Sunday and the church plays an important part in people's life.

大多数爱尔兰人星期天都去教堂做礼拜。教会在人们生活中起着重要的作用。

②They are playing an important part in building our country.

他们在我国的建设中起着重要作用。

③The part played by religion was very great.

宗教起的作用是巨大的。

④The part that women played during the was great.

妇女在那次战役中起的作用是巨大的。

⑤The workers have played an important part in the development of production.

工人在生产发展中起着重要作用。

9.in all作“总共”(altogether)解。例如:

①In our school there are twenty-five English teachers in all.

我们学校总共有25位英语教师。

②New Zealand has no more than 3.5 million people in all

新西兰一共只不过三百五十万人。

10.no more than & not more than

1)no more than表示“少”,not more than表示“不多于”。

①I have no more than five yuan in my pocket.

我口袋里只不过5元钱。(太少了)

②I have not more than five yuan in my pocket.

我口袋里不多于5元钱。(不言其多或少)

2)no less than表示“多”,not less than 表示“不少于”。

①He is no less determined than you.

他的决心决不亚于你。(言其决心大)

②He is not less determined than you.

他的决心不比你小。(无言其大或小的含义)

常用句型结构

1.if引导的条件句的用法

1)当if用于表示普遍真理和科学事实的条件句中,其主从句的谓语动词一般都用一般现在时。

①If you heat ice, it melts.

如果给冰加热,冰便融化了。

②If you pour oil on water, it floats.

把油倒在水上,油浮于水面。

③If the temperature drops to zero degrees centigrade, water freezes.

如果温度降至零度,水便结冰了。

④If you divide eight by two, you get four.

8除以2,等于4。

2)当if用于表示现在习惯动作条件句中,其主从句的谓语也都用一般现在时。

①lf I make a promise, I keep it.

我只要许下诺言,就信守不渝。

②if it rains, I go to work by bus.

每逢雨天,我就搭乘公共汽车上班。

3)当if用于表示过去习惯动作的条件句中,其主从句谓语动词都用一般过去式。

①lf I made promise, I kept it.

以前我只要许下诺言,就总是信守不渝。

②If it rained, I went to work by bus.

以前每逢下雨,我就坐公共汽车上班。

4)if还常与从句一般现在时,主句用 will/shall/can加动词原形结构搭配使用。

①If you go to England, you will have to learn English .

如果你到英国去,就必须学英语。

②If it is fine tomorrow , we can have a picnic somewhere .

如果明天晴天,我们可以去野餐。

5)if从句还常出现以下结构,主句祈使句,从句一般现在时。

①If you wake up before me, give me a call.

如果你比我醒得早,就叫醒我。

②If you meet Mary in London , introduce youself to her .

如果你在伦敦遇见玛丽,就向她做自我介绍。

6)有时if从句中还使用“should+动词原形”结构,加重语气。

①If we should miss the 10 o'clock train, we won't get there till after lunch.

如果我们错过10点钟的火车,就要在午餐后才能到达。

②If he should fail to come, ask Philip to work in his place.

万一他不来,就请菲利浦代替他工作。

7)if从句中也常使用“will+动词原形”结构,表示“意愿”。

①If he will accept the nomination , a lot of electors will vote for him .

如果他愿意接受提名,许多选民都会投他的票。

②lf you will wait for a few more minutes, the doctor will see you without your making an appointment.

如果你愿意再等几分钟,医生不用预约就来看你。

8)if主从句中都用“would+动词原形”结构,表示“意愿”,用于客气的请求。

①If you would try Italian food, you would like it.

如果您愿意尝试意大利食品,你会喜欢的。

②If you would read more carefully , you would understand what the writer is trying to say.

如果你愿意更加细心阅读,你会理解作家的意图。

2.It is thought/said/ believed that…据认为/说/信……相当于People think that… 例:

①It is thought that the team will certainly win the match.

据认为这支球队肯定能赢得比赛。

②It is said that the first printed book came out at this period.

据说第一本印刷书就是这时出现的。

③It is reported that Bill Clinton will meet Blair next week.

据说下周比尔克林顿要会见布莱尔。