语法和词汇考点详解----倒装句、强调句、反意疑问句
【命题依据】高考试题每年都要涉及句法知识，这些特殊的句型结构，每年单项填空题都会出现1-2道。高考试题对这些句型结构的考查往往是以测试它们中的特殊结构为主，例如倒装句中否定副词位于句首；as引导让步状语从句的倒装；省略if的虚拟条件句等。又如强调句中的强调特殊疑问句以及强调句与其它相似句式的混合使用等。估计今后高考试题不会降低对这些特殊句型结构的考查力度。
[例题1] -Why can’t I smoke here?
-At no time ____ in the meeting room.
A. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permitted
C. does smoking permit D. smoking does permit
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是准确把握答句中位于句首的表示否定意义的介词短语at no time所暗示的选择条件。
【答案解析】答句中否定介词短语at no time位于句首，表明了句子的主谓结构应采用部分倒装的形式，即将句中的助动词调至主语之前。根据句子意思该句为被动语态，排除选项B、C、D。答案为A。
[例题2] Only ____ as an interpreter ____ how important it is to grasp English.
A. when did I work; I realized B. when I worked; I realized
C. when did I work; did I realize D. when I worked; did I realize
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要理解only引导的时间状语从句与主句的句子结构，准确辨别主从句的倒装关系。
【答案解析】only引导状语从句位于句首，从句不可采用倒装形式，主句必须部分倒装。答案为D。
[例题3] Zhang Hua is clever and works hard at his lessons. _________.
A. So is Li Ming B. So does Li Ming
C. It was the same with Li Ming D. So it is with Li Ming
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意一个分句中含有两个不同的谓语部分时，另一个分句倒装结构的选用。
【答案解析】根据题干及句子结构可知，它含有两个不同的谓语动词，当它的内容也适合另一个主语时，这个句子需用So it is/ was with sb/sth. 或It is/was the same with sb/sth. 来表示。选项C时态错误。答案为D。
[例题4] that they may eventually reduce the amount of labor needed on construction sites by 90 percent.
A. Such construction robots are clever B. So clever the construction robots are
C. Such clever construction robots are D. So clever are the construction robots
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是弄清在so ...that 或such...that 引导的结果状语从句中倒装句的运用。
【答案解析】在so...that 或such...that 引导的结果状语从句中，当so或 such 位于句首时，主句要采用部分倒装形式。答案为 D。
[例题5] Important ___ his discovery was, it was regarded as a matter of no account in his time.
A. when B. until C. as D. although
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确理解句子意思，并根据句子结构的需要，作出选择。
【答案解析】分析句子意思可知，选项部分为让步状语从句，当从句中用作状语的形容词或名词位于句首时，要用as 或though，但助动词不前置。答案为C。
[例题6] ____ in 1812, the New Orleans Battle could have been avoided.
A. If the peace agreement was signed in America
B. If the peace agreement had signed in America
C. Was the peace agreement signed in America
D. Had the peace agreement been signed in America
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要根据句子意思以及句子谓语部分的结构，正确判断选项部分动词时态，语态以及语气的使用。
【答案解析】根据题干中主句谓语动词的结构可知，该句是表示与过去事实相反的虚拟结构，从句中谓语部分应使用过去完成时，如果省略连词if，句子应采用部分倒装形式，即将助动词had调至主语之前，选项A、C为陈述语序，选项B为主动语态，均不符合句子结构。答案D。
[例题7] It was too noisy outside. Not until I shouted at the top of my voice ____ his head.
A. did he turn B. had he turned
C. he hadn’t turned D. he didn’t turn
【解题关键】解答该题的关键是要根据句子结构，准确判断选项部分倒装结构动词时态的选用。
【答案解析】根据题干及句子结构可知，not until引导的时间状语从句位于句首，且表示过去某一点时刻所发生的动作，主句应采用一般过去时的部分倒装形式。答案为A。
[例题8] It was ____ she was injured in the accident ___ she didn’t come to the party yesterday.
A. as; which B. because; that
C. since; why D. for; how
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意辨别强调原因状语从句中，连接词的选用。
【答案解析】根据句子结构可以看出该句是一强调句型，被强调部分是原因状语从句。此句的陈述语序为She didn’t come to the party yesterday because she was injured in the accident.由It is/was+被强调部分+that连接句子的其它部分。答案为B。
[例题9] It was on the farm ____ he spent his childhood____ he learned how to grow vegetables.
A. where; that B. which; when
C. that; that D. which; which
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意辨别句中强调句与定语从句的连接词的选用。
【答案解析】根据句子意思可知，第一空为定语从句，先行词the farm 在从句he spent his childhood 中作地点状语，故选where；第二空为强调的陈述部分，应由连词that连接。答案为A。
[例题10] -What did she want to know, Tom?
-She wondered ____ we could complete the experiment
A. when was it B. it was when that
C. it was when D. when it was that
【解题关键】解答该题的关键是要注意强调句中强调特殊疑问词用作宾语从句部分时的语序。
【答案解析】分析句子意思以及句子结构可知，空格部分为强调特殊疑问词when，且为宾语从句结构，故特殊疑问句必须置于主从句之间，并且要使用陈述语序，故应选when it was that。答案为D。
[例题11] Was it not until you began to work ___ how much time you had wasted?
A. did you realize B. that you realized
C. did you not realize D. that you didn’t realize
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意区别not until所引导的强调句子倒装句的用法区别。
【答案解析】分析句子结构可知，该题为It was not until的强调句型结构，故应选由that连接的陈述结构，由于 not前置，故陈述结构中必须使用肯定结构形式。 如果 not until引导的时间状语位于句首，则句子必须采用部分倒装形式，且用肯定结构。答案为B。
[例题12] -Li Ping told me that he overslept this morning.
-Oh, he rarely used to oversleep, _____?
A. usedn’t he B. was he C. didn’t he D. did he
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要注意否定副词rarely与used to连用时，反意疑问句部分的结构。
【答案解析】由于答句中used to 前否定副词的使用，说明该句陈述部分为否定结构，后面反意疑问部分要用肯定结构形式，故首先排除选项A、C。选项B的助动词不一致，应选用did或 used 来构成反意疑问句。答案为D。
[例题13] Mike isn’t a hard瞱orking student, for this is the third time that he has been late, ____?
A. is he B. isn’t it C. hasn’t he D. isn’t this
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确把握并列句结构中反意疑问句的构成。
【答案解析】该题为并列句结构，反意疑问句应由后一分句决定。后一分句是一个复合句结构，反意疑问句应由主句this is决定，指示代词 this构成反意疑问句时，必须用it代替。答案为B。
[例题14]There aren’t many cafes, and let’s stop at the next place we see, ____?
A. are there B. will you C. shall we D. don’t you
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确判断反意疑问句在并列分句结构中的使用
【答案解析】该题干为两个并列分句，反意疑问句必须由后一分句决定，let’s开头的祈使句，构成反意疑问句时，要用 shall we开头。答案为C。
[例题15] The news that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities encourages us greatly, ____?
A. doesn’t it B. does it C. do they D. don’t they
【解题关键】 解答该题的关键是要准确把握复合句型结构中反意疑问句的构成。
【答案解析】分析句子结构可知，该句为同位语从句，反意疑问句应根据主句进行变化，该句主语为The news ，谓语部分为encourages us greatly为肯定结构，故反意疑问句应用否定形式。答案为A。
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