What引出不带疑问色彩的名词性从句
What有时不带疑问色彩，而是表示“所…的…”。此时，what相当于“the thing(s) which/that……”,或“the person(s) who/that”.它是“集先行词与关系代词于一身的‘二合一’的词”。这种结构在句中可作主语、表语及宾语（动宾和介宾）。如：
What I want to know is whether he will come here tomorrow. = The thing (which/that) I want to know is……
This is what I need now. =This is the thing (which/that) I need now.
He will give us a talk about what he saw and heard in that country.
= He will give us a talk about the things（that/which）he saw and heard in that country.
因它本身已相当于含有了“先行词+关系代词”， 所以，在使用时，前不能有先行词，后不能有关系代词。
如：He has told us what he knows about that accident. (what=先行词the things ＋关系代词which/that)
不能说 He has told us everything what he knows about that accident × (everything 是多余的)
也不能说 He has told us what that he knows about that accident. × (that是多余的)
请大家再看下面这句：He has told us all what he knows about that accident.
此句成立，因我们可把all 归于us (等于all of us): “我们所有的人”， 与what毫不相干。
What 可表示几乎所有具体的、抽象的、有形的、无形的在上下文中出现的东西，用来表示时间和地点时出的题目，学生的错误率极高。如：
George Washington was born in 1732 in a very rich family in _______ is now the state of Virginia.
A. which B. where C. that D. what
乔治华盛顿1732年生于现在是弗吉尼亚州（地方）的一个富人家庭。 ( 应选D ).
在搞清What的这种用法前，大部分学生都会选A或B，也有选C的，选对正确答案D的很少。
下面选编了一些选择题供高二、高三的学生练习，不但要选出答案，还要把句子译成中文。这样做的实际教学效果较好：(为保持本练习整体难度，答案并非都是what, 个别句子中，what是带有疑问色彩的。)
1. He gave us a different answer from _______ was expected.
A. that B. what C. which D. whom
2. ________ really matters is not whether you succeed or not, but whether you try or not.
A. It B. What C. That D. Whatever
3. All _____ was continuous oral practice of English.
A. that was needed B. what is needed C. which is needed D. is needed
4. A proposal has been put forward ______ proper measures ________ before it is too tale.
A. which, are taken B. that, be taken C. that, will be taken D. when, to be taken
5. Our old school building, pulled down about two years ago, was located in ______ is now a supermarket.
A. which B. where C. what D. it
6. _______ is now the northern Sahara Desert fed much of the then world 2,500 years ago.
A. That B. What C. It D. This
7. _______ has recently been done to provide more buses for the people, a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem.
A. What B. As what C. In spite of that D. In spite of what
8. Determination is a kind of quality and that is _______ to do your job well
A. what takes B. what C. what it takes D. it takes
9. A) The Development Zone is no longer a rural area ______ it used to be 10 years ago.
B) The Development Zone is no longer ______ it used to be 10 years ago.
A. what B. where C. that D. which
10. A) With the development of science and technology, the modern aeroplane is not the machine ______ when first
invented.
B) With the development of science and technology, the modern aeroplane is not ______ when first invented.
A. what it was B. which it was C. that it was D. the one was
11. ________ impressed the visitors deeply was ______ the workers made with their own hands.
A. What, what B. that, that C. /, what D. Which, what
12. These people once had fame and fortune; now ______ is left to them is utter poverty.
A. all what B. all that C. that all D. that all
13. Is there something I have said _______ has caused this anger? Or is it just the things I stand for ______ you dislike?
A. that, that B. what, what C. what, because D. which, what
14. The girl told us ______ she wanted to do was right.
A. what all B. all what C. that all what D. what that
15. One of the men held the view _______ the book said was right.
A. what that B. that what C. that which D. which that
16. Mr Johnson pointed out ______ by the pollution, many trees in this area did not grow to their full height.
A. that affected B. what affected C. that effected D. what was affected
17. As a teacher I seldom give my students such difficult problems ______ they can not work out.
A. that B. if C. what D. as
18. I think _____ to finish the work in such a short time is quite impossible.
A. it B. that C. what D. which
19. --- _______ was it ______ they discovered the entrance to the underground palace?
--- Totally by chance.
A. What, that B. How, that C. when, how D. where, that
20. I have nothing to confess. _____ you want me to say?
A. What is it that B. What it is what C. How is it that D. How it is that
21. Was it ______ she heard with her own ears _____ really made her frightened?
A. what, that B. it, that C. that, which D. what, /
22. Mr Smith was so angry at all ______ Bill was doing _____ he simply walked out, slamming the door shut.
A. that, what B. that, that C. which, which D. what, that
23. ________ puzzled the mother most was _____ the son would never agree with her.
A. What, why B. That, how C. Which, when D. What, where
24. _______ he was fired by the company was _______ he didn’t work hard.
A. What, because B. Why, because C. Why, that D. That, because
25. Perhaps _______ most separates the successful people from others is _____ they live on purpose.
A. what, that B. that, what C. that, that D. what, what
26. I knew nothing about the accident ______ I read in the newspaper.
A. except that B. except what C. until D. before
27. ________ was known to them that Bob had broken his promise _____ he would give them a rise.
A. What, what B. It, which C. As, that D. It, that
28. In an hour, we can travel to places ______ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.
A. where B. when C. which D. what
29. Now that you have all agreed to the plan, ______ you are supposed to do next is help your teacher carry it out..
A. where B. what C. that D. how
30. I have made it clear _____ I will never take back _____ I said.
A. that, what B. what, that C. what, what D. that, that
31. New technology will make ______ is impossible possible.
A. which B. what C. it D. that
32. After graduation, he went to _______ used to be called ‘Poverty-stricken Areas’ to work.
A. where B. which C. what D. that
33. _______ he spoke at yesterday’s meeting surprised all of us; and we were astonished at ______ he said at the meeting.
A. That. That B. What, what C. That, what D. What, that
34. A modern city has sprung up in ______ was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. what B. which C. where D. that
35. They lost their way in the forest and _____ made matters worse was that night began to fall.
A. that B. this C. what D. it
36. ---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?
--- Oh, that’s ________.
A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about
C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited
37. ______ made the school proud was ______ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A. What, because B. What, that C. That, what D. That, because
38. If the South had won the war. _____ might have been divided into several countries.
A. what was the United States B. what is now the United States
C. all is now the United States D. all was the United States
39. After ______ seemed to be two hours, the doctor came out of the operation-room with a broad smile.
A. what B. it C. which D. that
40. _______ you didn’t know the rules won’t be a sufficient excuse for your failure to report.
A. What B. How C. Because D. That
41. In some countries, _____ is called equality does not really mean equal rights for all people.
A. which B. it C. that D. what
42. By ‘success’, I don’t mean ______ usually thought of when that word is used.
A. that we B. as you C. what is D. all is
43. When I try to understand ______ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.
A. why it does B. what it does C. what it is D. why it is
44. We have _______ many people consider ______ the best daily newspaper in the English language-China Daily.
A. what, that B. that, to be C. what, to be D. what, what
45. With his camera, he kept taking pictures _____ he saw on that wonderful island.
A. where B. which C. of which D. of what
46. His grandfather was among the first to settle in ______ is now a famous holiday place.
A. what B. which C. where D. that
47. He was lucky enough to sell his car for exactly __________.
A. where he had paid for it B. what he had paid for it
C. what he was paid for it D. which he had paid for it
48. He looked behind to make _______ he was not being followed.
A. clear that B. if clear if C. sure that D. sure whether
49. In that mountainous primary school I found that ______ was required of a teacher never went beyond “:reading, writing and adding”.
A. it B. anything C. that D. what
50. All the countries have agreed ______ bears the Red Cross must never be attacked.
A. that whatever B. that C. no matter what D. anything
51. The nurses are trying their best to quiet the patient’s fear _______ he will die of that disease.
A. as B. which C. what D. that
52. The behaviour of water can be explained by _______ the kinetic energy.
A. what do some scientists call B. what scientists call
C. scientists call D. scientists call it
53. Sometimes parents want their children to do _____ they cannot do themselves.
A. that they feel B. what they feel C. what they feel that D. they feel what
54. It doesn’t matter _______ one says. _______ is really important is the things ______ he does.
A. what……What……which B. what……That……that
C. what……What……that D. that……That……what
55. It was only a small seaside town then compared to _______ now.
A. that it is B. what is C. it is D. what it is
56. ______ was the question of going on a holiday.
A. What they interested in B. What interested them
C. What was interested D. What they were interested
57. The fact has to be faced ______ few people like to work there with so little pay.
A. what B. how C. that D. when
58. The question is _______ can be put into practice.
A. how you have learned B. how what you have learned
C. that why you have learned C. how that you have learned
59. People were perhaps more honest a long time ago when life was very different from ______ it is today.
A. that B. that what C. which D. what
60. The old lady was driving her car ______ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. at what B. at which C. which D. what
61. I feel a little disappointed as the new house isn’t quite _______ it should be.
A. that B. what C. as D. whatever
62. A good writer must connect ______ he writes with ______ has happened around him.
A. what……what B. that……that C. what……that D. what……that
参考答案
1-8 BBABC，BDC 9-CA 10-CA 11-20 ABABB，ADBBA
21-30 ABACA, BDCBA 31-40 BCCAC, ABBAD 41-50 DCCBD, ABCDA
51-60 DBBCD, BCBDA 61-62 BA
部分题目注释：
4． That从句是前面主语的同位语从句，从句谓语动词用 “(should)+原形” 是因为主语的原因。
10. 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时要用that 不能用which。 《 9. A 相同 》
14. 答案是B，all跟前面的us,意为“我们所有人”。 all后省去了引出宾语从句的that。what引出宾语从句的主语从句。
15. 答案是B。that引出view的同位语从句，what引出同位语从句的主语从句。
20. 答案是A。 第二句是强调句型的疑问句。What是被强调的部分，放在句首引出疑问句。该句的中文意思是：你想要我讲的究竟是什么？
22．答案是B。第一个that是定语从句的关系代词，第二个that是so…that…引出的状语从句。
42. 本句参考译文：我用“success”时意思不是指人们用它时所通常所想到的意思。
责任编辑：李芳芳