情态动词讲义和专项练习
情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should), will (would), dare (dared), need (needed),ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语
一、 can, could
1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。
e.g. Can you lift this heavy box?（体力）
Mary can speak three languages.（知识）
Can you skate?（技能）
此时可用be able to代替。can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。
e.g. I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.
当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用can。如：
e.g. He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
Although he can’t swim, yet he was able to cross the river.
2) 表示请求和允许。
e.g. -----Can I go now?
----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。
e.g. ---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?
---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )
3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。
e.g. They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.
This hall can hold 500 people at least.
4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
e.g. Can this be true?
This can’t be done by him.
How can this be true?
5）“can + have done”主要用于否定句和疑问句中，表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。
e.g. He cannot have been to that town.
Can he have got the book?
“could + have done”表示虚拟语气。
e.g. But for your help, we couldn’t have finished the task before the deadline.
You could have achieved better results but you wasted the valuable time.
6）习惯用法：cannot …… too…… “再……也不过分”
e.g. You cannot be too careful in the choice of your friends.
二、 may, might
1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t
或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。
e.g. ----Might/ May I smoke in this room?
---- No, you mustn’t.
---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?
---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )
用May I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I...？在口语中更常见。
2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。
e.g. May you succeed!
3) 表示推测、可能性（表示此意时，不用于疑问句）。
might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。
e.g. He may /might be very busy now.
Your mother may /might not know the truth.
4）“may / might + have done”表示对过去行为的推测。
e.g. Without the heavy traffic, we might have caught the train.
5）习惯用法：may / might as well + do “不妨”
e.g. You might as well have an another try.
三、 must, have to
1) 表示必须、必要。
e.g. You must come in time.
在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）.
e.g. ---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?
---- Yes, you must.
---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
2) must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。
e.g. The play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.
I had to work when I was your age.
3) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）
e.g. You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.
Your mother must be waiting for you now.
表示肯定推测的否定句，用cannot
e.g. This cannot be your pen.
4）“must + have done”对过去行为的肯定推测，否定句用cannot.
e.g. It must have been rainy yesterday, wasn’t it?
It must have rained yesterday, didn’t it?
5）have got to是have to 的口语形式。
e.g. You haven’t got to go to school today, have you?
6）must “偏偏”
e.g. Why must it rain on Sunday?
We were going to see a movie, but it must rain yesterday.
四、 dare, need
1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。
e.g. How dare you say I’m unfair?
He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
If we dared not go there that day, we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.
2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。
e.g. You needn’t come so early.
---- Need I finish the work today?
---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
3) dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
e.g. I dare to swim across this river.
He doesn’t dare (to) answer.
He needs to finish his homework today.
4）“needn’t + have done”表示虚拟语气，本不必做某事而事实上却做了。
e.g. You needn’t have waited for me.
5）need doing = need to be done.
e.g. The washing machine needs repairing. = The washing machine needs to be repaired.
6）“I dare say”意为“我猜测”
e.g. I dare say he will come.
五、 shall, should, ought to
1) shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。
e.g. What shall we do this evening?
2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
e.g. You shall fail if you don’t work hard.(警告)
He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)
He shall be punished.(威胁)
3）shall用于第一，第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。
e.g. Shall we begin our lesson?
When shall we be able to leave the hospital?
4）should, ought to表示“应该”，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。
e.g. I should help her because she is in trouble.
You ought to take care of the baby.
5) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。
e.g. You should / ought to go to class right away.
Should I open the window?
6) should表示主观推测，“估计”“按道理应该”
e.g. He ought to/should be home by now.
They should finish it by now.
7）“should + have done”用于虚拟语气，本应该做某事而实际上并未做某事。
e.g. You should have arrived here 5 minutes earlier.
8）特殊用法：
“竟然”“居然”表示说话人感到意外，赞叹，愤怒，惊异等感情。
e.g. You can’t imagine the gentleman should be a thief.
e.g. I don’t know why you should think I did it.
“倒是”，用于第一人称时表示说话人的一种谦逊，客气，委婉的语气。
e.g. I should think it would be better to try it again.
I should advise you not to do that.
六、 will, would
1) will表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。
e.g. Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?
2) will表示意志、愿望和决心。
e.g. I will never do that again.
They asked him if he would go abroad.
3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
e.g. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.
The wound would not heal.
4) would表示估计和猜想。
e.g. It would be about ten o’clock when she left home.
5）would用在虚拟语气中（参考虚拟语气语法）。
e.g. If it should rain, the crop would be saved.
七、 情态动词+不定式完成式（have done）
1) can / could + have done在肯定句中表示“本来可以做而实际上未能做某事”，是虚拟语气；在疑问句或否定句中表示对过去行为的怀疑或不肯定, 表示推测。
e.g. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best. （虚拟语气）
He can’t have been to that town.（推测）
Can he have got the book?（推测）
2) may / might +不定式完成式（have done）
表示对过去行为的推测。不能用于疑问句中。might所表示的可能性比may小。
e.g. He may not have finished the work..
If we had taken the other road, we might have arrived earlier.
3）must +不定式完成式（have done）
用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。意为“一定、想必”。其疑问、否定形式用can，can’t。can / could + have done表示推测。
e.g. You must have seen the film Titanic.
He must have been to Shanghai.
4）should +不定式完成式（have done）
用于肯定句中，表示对过去行为的推测。
e.g. He should have finished the work by now。
表示“本应该做而实际上没有做某事”，其否定式表示某种行为本不该发生却发生了。可以与ought to +不定式完成式（have done）互换。
e.g. You ought to / should have helped him. (but you didn’t.)
She shouldn’t have taken away my measuring tape, for I wanted to use it.
5) needn’t +不定式完成式（have done）
表示“本来不必做而实际上做了某事”。
e.g. You needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.
6) will +不定式完成式（have done）
主要用于第二、三人称，表示对已完成的动作或事态的推测。
e.g. He will have arrived by now.
情态动词专项练习
1. He ______ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give
2. Jenny______ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A. must B. should C. need D. would
3. . -Could I borrow your dictionary? -Yes, of course you_________
A. might B. will C. can D. should
4. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I ______ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
5. -Shall I tell John about it?
-No, you ______ . I've told him already.
A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
6. ─There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
─ It______ a comfortable journey.
A. can't be B. shouldn't be C. mustn't have been D. couldn't have been
7. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack______ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
8. .When he was there, he______ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work
every day.
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
9. .Sir, you _____ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.
A. oughtn't to B. can't C. won't D. needn't
10. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
11. --When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
--They _____be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
12. .--I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
--Oh, did you? You_ ____with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
13. －Will you stay for lunch?
－Sorry,＿＿＿＿＿ ,My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn't B.I can't C. I needn't D.I won't
14. Sorry I'm late. I ______ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might B. should C. can D. will
15. I should have been there, but I _______ not find the time.
A. would B. could C. might D. should
16. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ___ your lecture.
A. couldn't have attended B. needn't have attended
C. mustn't have attended D. shouldn't have attended
17. --- Are you coming to Jeff's party?
--- I'm not sure. I ________go to the concert instead.
A．must B．would C．should D．might
18. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _________ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?
A．can B．should C．may D．must
19 He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ________ a goal.
A．had scored B．scored C．would score D．would have scored
20. -Write to me when you get home.
-_________
A．I must B．I should C．I will D．I can
21. I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word.
A. mustn't leave B. Shouldn't have left C. Couldn't have left D. needn't leave
22. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I______ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t cut B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
23. --I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.
--It _____ be true because there was little snow there.
A may not be B won’t be C couldn’t be D mustn’t be
24. It has been announced that candidates_____ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
A can B will C may D shall
25. A left-luggage office is a place where bags ______ be left for a short time, especially in a railway station.
A. should B. can C. must D. will
26. --- I don't mind telling you what I know.（2004）
--- You . I'm not asking you for it.
A. mustn't B. may not C. can't D. needn’t
27. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _____ report it to the police?
A. should B. may C. will D. can
28. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t’ show up.
A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
29. You ______ be tired - you've only been working for an hour.
A. must not B. won' t C. can' t D. may not
30. - Who is the girl standing over there ?
- Well , if you know , her name is Mabel.
A. may B. can C. must D. shall
31. - Isn' t that Ann's husband over there?
- No, it _______ be him -I'm sure he doesn't wear glasses.
A. can't B. must not C. won't D. may not
32. -- Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
-- You have my computer if you don't take care of it.
A. shan't B. might not C. needn't D. shouldn't
33. “The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge.
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
34. I ______pay Tracy a visit, but I’m not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.
A. should B. might C. would D. could
35. I ____ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.（2005）
A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
36. There ____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.
A . mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
37. ----Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
----She ____. I’ve already borrowed one.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
38. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They ______ at lease 150 km an hour.
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
39. Helen ______ go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet.
A. shall B. must C. may D. can
40. He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
41. -Do you know where David is? I couldn’t find him anywhere.
-Well . He have gone far-his coat’s still here.
A．shouldn’t B．mustn’t C．can’t D．wouldn’t
42. ---- The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
---- Oh, dear! She _______ a lot of difficulties!
A. may go through B. might go through
C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through
43. This cake is very sweet. You __________ a lot of sugar in it.
A．should put B．could have put C．might put D．must have put
44. Tom , you leave all your clothes on the floor like this !
A．wouldn’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．may not
45. -Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
-Thanks. You it. I could manage it myself.
A．needn’t do B．needn’t have done C．mustn’t do D．shouldn’t have done
46. He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free.
A. could B. would C. must D. need
47. -- I've taken someone else's green sweater by mistake.
-- It ______ Harry's. He always wears green.
A. has to be B. will be C. mustn't be D. could be
48.If I plan to do anything I wanted to ,I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.
A．would B．could C．had to D．ought to
49.-Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?
-Something ________ to him.
A．must happen B．should have happened
C．could have happened D．must have happened
50. John, look at the time. ___________ you play the piano at such a late hour?
A．Must B．Can C．May D．Need
51. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _________be very slow.
A．should B．must C．will D．can
52. There's no light on -- they______ be at home.（2006）
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't
53. We hope that as many people as-possible _______ join us for the picnic tomorrow.
A. need B. must C. should D. can
54. -- What’s the name?
--Khulaifi. _______ I spell that for you?
A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might
55. You know he is not going to let us leave early if we ___ get the work done.
A. can't B. may not C. shouldn't D. mustn't
56. We have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.
A. needn’t B. may not C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t
57.---Is Jack on duty today?
---It ________ be him. It's his turn tomorrow.
A. mustn't B. won't C. can't D. needn't
58.The weather turned out to be fine yesterday．I _______ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me．
A．should have taken B．could have taken C．needn't have taken D，mustn't have taken
59. As you worked late yesterday, you _________ have come this morning.
A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
60.If it were not for the fact that she _______ sing, I would invite her to the party.
A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not
61.__________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be
62.Some aspects of a pilot’s job ________ be boring, and pilots often _______ work at inconvenient hours.
A. can; have to B. may; can C. have to; may D. ought to; must
63. --- I think I’ll give Bob a ring.
--- You _______. You haven’t been in touch with him for ages.
A. will B. may C. have to D. should
64.--- Could I have a word with you, mum?
--- Oh dear, if you ________.
A. can B. must C. may D. should
65. --May I smoke here ?
--If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section.
A. should B. could C. may D. must
（以上65题为历年有关情态动词的高考题）
1. "When _____ he leave the hospital?" I asked the doctor.
A. will B. shall C. can D. may
2.--- They have not finish the work up to now.
---Well, they ______
A. should have B. should C. ought to D. ought have
3. Since it is already midnight, we______.
A. had better leaving B. ought to have leave C. should take our leave D. might as well leave
4.____ you be happy!
A. May B. Can C. Must D. Would
5. Must we come tomorrow?
A. No, you can't B. No, you needn't C. No, you mustn't D. No, you may not
6. You ___miss the lesson, though we___ have it on Thursday.
A. mustn't...needn't B. needn't....mustn't C. mustn't...mustn't D. needn't...needn't
7. To succeed in a difficult task,_____.
A. one needs to work hard B. to work hard is needed
C. you need be a hard working person D. to work hard is what one needs
8. In case I______, I would try again.
A. will fail B. would miss C. should fail D. shall miss
9. Some people feel that handguns______.
A. should control B. should be controlled C. must be controlling D. can be control
10. ______ open the door for you ?
A. Would you like that I B. Do you want that I C. Will I D. Shall I
11. He doesn’t have to work tomorrow, but you have got to,___ you?
A. don’t B. haven’t C. haven’t got D. can’t
12. You ____wake me up when I fall asleep,____ you?
A. haven’t better; have B. would not rather; would
C. had better not; should. D. had not better; must
13---Why! I couldn’t get you on the phone this morning.
---We ____tennis in the yard when you phoned me.
A. could be playing B. must be playing C. must have been playing D. should have played
14. ---We didn’t see him at the lecture.
---Neither did anybody else. He ___ it.
A. may not have attended B. mustn’t attend C. can’t have attended D. couldn’t attend
15. ---I came here by taxi and the driver charged me 50 Yuan.
---Really? You ___have come by bus.
A. could B. must C. may D. should
16. ----Do you still remember when we went to the great wall
----I can’t remember it well, but____ it have been sometimes last may?
A. should B. must C. could D. would
17. ---I wonder why Mr lin didn’t come to work.
---He ___have been ill.
A. needn’t B. should C. might D. can
18.---No one passed the mathematics last night.
---I guess we___ the exercises last night.
A. could review B. should review C. might review D. should have reviewed
19. She____the hospital so soon, for she hasn’t yet recovered.
A. wouldn’t have left B. shouldn’t have left C. needn’t have left D. hadn’t
20. Why didn’t you tell me there was no meeting today? I ___ all the way. Here through the heavy snow.
A. needn’t have driven B. can’t have driven C. must have driven D. shouldn’t have driven
21.I thought you like something to read, so I have brought you some books.
A.may B.might C.could D.must
22.You to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
A. needn't to come B. don't need come C. don't need coming D. needn't come
23. He you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give
24.─ I help you with some shoes, madam? ─ Yes, I would like to try on those brown ones.
A. Will B. Should C. May D. Must
25. The reason why they leave wasn't explained to us.
A. had B. had to C. must D. might
26. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. I thought I it at home.
A. left B. have left C. might have left D. could have left
27. I asleep because it took me a long time to realize that the telephone was ringing.
A. could have fallen B. should have fallen C. must have fallen D. mustn't have fallen
28. The only thing that really matters to the children is how soon they return to their school.
A. can B. must C. have to D. ought to
29. I want to go to the chemist's, but you go with me.
A. need not B. must not C. need D. must
30. I thought it over, but come to no conclusion.
A. can B. could C. should D. would
31. What we get seems better than what we have.
A. can B. could C. can't D. couldn't
32.─My goodness! I've just missed the train.
─That's too bad. I am sure you it, if you had hurried.
A. could have caught B. had caught C. would catch D. could catch
33. Look! What you've done! You more careful.
A. may be B. had to C. should have been D. would be
34. I repeat the question?
A. Shall B. Will C. Do you want that D. Do
35. Professor Li, many students want to see you. they wait here or outside!
A. Do B. Will C. Shall D. Are
36. You read that book if you don't want to.
A. haven't B. can't C. mustn't D. needn't
37. Johnny, you play with the knife; you hurt yourself.
A. won't; can't B. can't; shouldn't C. shouldn't; must D. mustn't; may
38. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. can D. should
39. ─ There were already 5 people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.
─ It a comfortable journey.
A. can't be B. shouldn't be C. couldn't have been D. mustn't have been
40. Tom ought not to me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling C. having told
41. Everyone is here. we start the meeting?
A. Can B. Must C. Should D. Shall
42. I parked my car right here but now it's gone. It .
A. must be stolen B. may be stolen C. must have stolen D. must have been stolen
43. He the work yesterday, but he didn't.
A. must have finished B. need have finished C. finished D. should have finished
44. He did not pass the examination. As a good student, he .
A. mustn't have failed B. may not have failed C. needn't have failed D. shouldn't have failed
45. it be true that Albert passed the test in geography?
A. May B. should C. Could D. would
46. You lead a horse to the water but you not make it drink.
A. will; can B. may; can C. may; dare D. dare; can
47. ─Must we finish the composition in class?
─No, you .
A. needn't B. mustn't C. won't D. shouldn't
48. Her eyes were red. She .
A. must cry B. must be cried C. must have been crying D. may cry
49. Mary his letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.
A. has received B. must receive C. couldn't have received D. shouldn't have received
50. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
前65题高考题答案
1-5 ABCCA 6-10 DCAAD
11-15 BABAB 16-20 ADADC
21-25 BCCDB 26-30 DAACC
31-35 AADAB 36-40 CCBCB
41-45 CDDBB 46-50ADBDB
51-55DADCA 56-60B CCDC
61-65BADBD
后50题练习题答案
1-5 BADAB 6-10.AACBD
11-15BCCCD 16-20 CCDBA
21-25 B.DA CB 26-30 C C A A B
31-35 CAC AC 36-40 D D D C.A
41-45 D D D D C 46-50B A C CC
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