高二过去分词讲与练
1. 分词的定义:动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。
2. 过去分词的语法作用： 过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。
1) 过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如：
(1）感到。。。。。。的，指人时常用过去分词作表语；
(2）表示完成的或被动的动作常用过去分词作表语；
(3)seated/dressed,hurt/injuried/wounded;destroyed/damaged;polluted/broken/lost/gone/lef/based固定用过去分词作表语;
(4）get+过去分词作表语（get paid/changed/drunk/burnt/lost/hurt/injurieed/criticized/drowned）。例如：
1）I’m very interested in the intersting story, so will read it again.
2)We can’t drink boiling water , but we can drink boiled water.
3)Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health.
4)Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.(NMET1998)
5)He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。
2) 过去分词做定语：单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。1）感到。。。。。。的，指人时常用过去分词作定语2）表示完成的或被动的动作常用过去分词作定语；3）过去分词常用表示脸部或表情的名词前作定语(face/eyes/appearance/expression)；4）seated/dressed,hurt/injuried/wounded;destroyed/damaged;polluted/broken/lost/gone/left/crowded/married/known固定用过去分词作定语。例如：
1)I found a lot of moved students, who were deeply moved by the moving film.
2)China is still a developing country while Japan is already a developed country.
3)The astonished expression on his face suggested that he know nothing about the matter.
4)The seated students suddenly found all the seats were broken ones.
5)We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。
过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如：
Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗？
The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager.
过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如：
The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.
The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.
3) 过去分词做状语：过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。
① 表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念.如：Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。如：
Deeply moved by the story, the excited people stopped quarrelling with each other.
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用if等词。如：
Given another chance, he will do better.再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。
Compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study English.
If heated, water can be turned into steam.水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。
④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。如：Exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.尽管已经跑得筋疲力尽，他们还是继续追赶着那个强盗。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。
⑤表方式或伴随情况。如：The old man went into the room, supported by his wife.
Seated at the table, my father and I were talking about my job.
4) 过去分词作补足语：过去分词可以在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语，用作宾语补语。如：When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined? 你什么时候去医院检查你的牙齿？
When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.
当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补语。如：
One of the glasses was found broken. 有人发现其中一个杯子破了。
They should be kept informed of the situation there. 应该让他们知道那儿的形势。
1. 过去分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。如：
When asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.当那男孩被问到为何来这里时他沉默不语。
Born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.由于在农村出生并长大，他对生物很感兴趣。
如果过去分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致，必须使用过去分词的独立主格结构。
2. 动词have后所接的三种宾语补语：have somebody/something do something 不定式作补语必须省去to, 不定式动作由宾语发出，表示一次性的动作。如：
I had the workers do the job for me. 我让工人们替我完成了工作。
Jim often has his father help him with his homework. 吉姆经常让他的父亲帮助做家庭作业。
have somebody /something doing something -ing分词作补语，分词动作也由宾语发出，强调动作的延续或正在进行。如：They had the tractor working all the time. 他们让拖拉机一直工作着。
We won’t have the child talking to his mother like that.我们不能让那孩子那样对他的妈妈说话。
have somebody/something done 过去分词作补语，宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的被动关系，通常有两种情况：
①主语让别人做某事，强调主语的意志。如：He had his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天理发了。
②主语遭到某种不幸或陷入恶劣的环境，说明宾语的一种无意识的被动行为。如：
He had his leg broken in the match last month.他在上星期的比赛中摔断了腿。
3. 非谓语动词的被动式作定语的三种形式：
the bridge to be built 将要建造的桥 （表示将来的动作）
the bridge being built 正在建造的桥 （表示正在进行的动作）
the bridge built 造好的桥 （表示完成的动作）
4. 过去分词和–ing分词作表语的区别：过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征，如：Hearing the news, we felt very surprised.
The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。
They were frightened to hear the frightening sound. 他们听到那可怕的声音很害怕。
At the sight of the moving scene, all the people present were moved to tears.
英语中这样的分词还有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished等。
5. 过去分词和–ing分词作定语的区别：过去分词作定语和-ing分词作定语有一定的区别。试比较下面几组短语：boiled water开水 boiling water正沸腾的水developed countries发展的国家 developing countries发展中国家fallen leaves落叶 falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子
changed condition改变了的情况 changing condition变化着的情况
由此可见，过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。
6．用分词短语作状语时，还应注意在句子主语和分词短语之间不能使用并列连词。如：
［误］Not knowing what to do，so she asked her friends for advice．
［正］Not knowing what to do，she asked her friends for advice．
7、如果分词的逻辑主语和主句的主语不是同一个人或物时，就要用从句或独立主格结构代替分词短语作状语。如： As it was Sunday，the streets were especially crowded． 或：It being Sunday，the streets were especially crowded．
8、同学们还要注意某些现在分词可用来表示说话人对所说的话所持的看法或态度，它们已变成固定词组，在句中作独立成分，与句子主语无关。这类现在分词常见的有：
generally speaking（一般地说），strictly speaking（严格地说），judging from ／by．．．（从……来判断），talking of．．．（说到……），considering．．．（考虑到……），supposing．．．（假定……）等。如：
Generally speaking，it is not easy for a for eigner to learn Chinese well in a short time．
Considering everything，it wasn't abad holiday．
8、分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语相一致。分词与主语之间如果是主动关系，就用现在分词；如果是被动关系，则用过去分词。例如：
主动时态 被动时态
一般时态 doing done（被动的动作）
进行时态 doing being done（正在进行的被动动作）
完成时态 having done done/having been done（已经完成的被动动作）
Hearing the good news，we couldn't help jumping with joy．（＝When we heard the good news，we couldn't help jumping with joy．）
Seen from the hills，the West Lake is very beautiful．（＝The West Lake is very beautiful when it is seen from the hills．）
过去分词作宾语补足语(The past participle as theObject Complement)
作宾语补足语：1）感到。。。。。。的，指人时常用过去分词作宾补；2）表示完成的或被动的动作常用过去分词作宾补；3）left/lost/gone/missing /seated/dressed, hurt/injuried/wounded;destroyed/damaged; polluted/broken/lost/gone/lef/based固定用过去分词作宾补。可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有：
1.see, hear, find ,feel, think, 等表示感觉和心理状态的动词
1）He found his hometown greatly changed when he came back from abroad.
2）Every thought the match lost 3）.He once heard the song sung in German
4）Frnk Lloyd Wright found himself inspired by Japanese seashells.
2. make/have/get+sth.+过去分词作宾补，说明宾补的动作不是由主语而是由他人来完成；
1) He’s going to have his hair cut. 2)She had her foot injured in the fall.
3)When you talk, you have to at least make yourself understood.
4)Please keep us informed of the latest developments. ( 请让我们了解最新的发展情况。)
3.表示“希望” “要求”等意义的动词：
1） He won’t like such questions (to be ) discussed at the meeting .
2） I want this letter (to be ) typed now. 3）They ordered the film banned.（禁演）
［试题选练］
1. I'm going to have my car .
A. to be fixed B. to fix C. fixed D. to fix
2. What's the language in Germany?
A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
3. some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. having been followed by
4. He had his leg in the match yesterday.
A. to break B. broken C. break D. breaking
5. Most of the people to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting
6. more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given
7. The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
8. The computer center, last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
9. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose
10. The Olympic Games, in 776BC, didn't include women players until 1912.
A. first played B. to be first played C. first playing D. to be first played
11. Don't get in the rain.
A. to be caught B. catching C. to catch D. caught
12. I found a car in a pool by the side of the road.
A. to be stuck B. stuck C. sticking D. stick
13. ---By the way, when did you get your bedroom ? ---Last week.
A. to paint B. painted C. painting D. to be painted
14. The children were found in the cave.
A. trapping B. trapped C. to be trapped D. be trapped
15. They found a old woman on the ground when the door was broken down.
A. dying, lying B. dead, lied C. death, laying D. died, lain
16. On a morning the little girl was found at the corner of the street.
A. freezing, freezing B. freezing, frozen C. frozen, frozen D. frozen, freezing
17. No one enjoys fun of in public.
A. making B. being made C. to be made D. to make
18. Before he came to London, he had never heard a single English word .
A. speaking B. spoken C. to be spoken D. speak
19. from space, the earth, with water seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.
A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering C. Seeing, covering D. Seeing, covered
20. An crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star.
A. excited B. exciting C. excite D. excitedly
21．The building _______ by him is under construction．
A．to be designed B．designed C．being designed D．to have designed
22．The man _______ us at the airport yesterday is going to speak to us tonight．
A．meeting B．to meet C．who met D．to be meeting
23．Most of the artists ________ to the party were from South Africa．
A．invited B．to invite C．being invited D．had been invited
24．The accident _______ yesterday was caused by carelessness．
A．happened B．having happened C．which happened D．happening
25． _______from the tallest building，the whole city looks very beautiful．
A．Seeing B．See C．Saw D．Seen
26.I won’t have _____ such words to your parents.
A. say B. to say C. saying D. said
27. My hair is too long, so I’d like to have it ________.
A. cut B. to cut C. cutting D. cutted
28.When I returned home , I was surprised to find all the windows of my house _________.
A. open B. to have opened C, opening D. opened
29. When Mathilde was on her way home, she suddenly found her necklace _______.
A. missed B. missing C. losing D. lost
30. We were very excited to watch the national flag ______ in the blue sky.
A. risen B. to be risen C. raising D. rising
高二过去分词讲解与练习keys:
1---5 C B B B A 6---10 A D D C A
11-15 D B B B A 16---20 B B B B A
21-25:BACCD 26-30:CAABD
责任编辑：李芳芳