宾语补足语的实用小结
宾补的定义
有些及物动词带了宾语后还需要有一个补足成分才能使句子完整，这个补足成分就叫做宾语补足语。用来说明宾语的行为、特征、状态、身份等。宾语和宾补一起构成复合宾语。主要有下面几种类型：
1. 名词（或代词）+名词
She found him a very clever boy.
2. 名词（或代词）+形容词
He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting.
3. 名词（或代词）+副词或介词短语
Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister.
To her surprise, she found herself in a different world.
4. 名词（或代词）+分词（分词短语）
I saw him doing his homework when I passed his window.
I was absent-minded when I heard my name called.
注意：
在用现在分词或不定式作宾语补足语的动词中，有些只能用现在分词作宾语补足语；有些只能用不定式作宾语补足语；还有的动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：
1）、只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch, keep, mind, prevent, stop(阻止)等。
She caught her son smoking a cigarette.
His words started me thinking.
2）、只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：wish, desire, expect, love, prefer, trust, encourage, let, allow, permit, mean, lead, bring, put, hurry, cause, remind, ask, invite, beg, request, worry, advise, persuade, call on, tell, order, command, require, make, force, drive, forbid, warn, help, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for, think, take, know, judge, consider, suppose, believe, allow, prove, declare等。
Their parents don’t allow him to stay out late.
他父母不允许他在外面呆到很晚。
3）、既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, notice, look at, observe, listen to, hear, feel, have, imagine, discover, like, want, understand, hate, get, set, leave等。
She was seen running away from the scene of the crime.
有人看见她从犯罪现场跑开。
I saw you put the key in your pocket.
我见你把钥匙放进了口袋。
5. 名词（或代词）+不定式
1).to do
The villagers did not allow them to build a factory there.
（ask tell beg force wish want expect advise permit order persuade）
2) 省略 to 的不定式
使用不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式符号 to 的取舍问题：
1）、在hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, observe 等动词后的不定式需省去 to 。
2）、feel 一词，跟 to be 型不定式带 to；跟 to do 型不定式不带 to。
3）、help 一词后的不定式，可带 to，也可以不带 to。
6. 名词（或代词）+从句
We will make our hometown what your hometown is now.
7. 常见with+复合宾语有下列几种形式：
1） with＋名词／代词＋形容词
It is not good manners to speak with your mouth full．
满嘴食物去说话是不礼貌的。
2） with＋名词／代词＋副词
The city looks more beautiful with all the lights on．
所有的灯亮起来，这座城市看起来更漂亮了。
3） with＋名词／代词＋介词短语
The woman with a baby on her back lives downstairs．
这个背着婴儿的妇女住在楼下。
4） with＋名词／代词＋不定式，不定式表示主动、将来的动作。
With you to help us, we are sure to finish the work on time．
有你来帮忙，我们会按时完成任务的。
With so much work to do, we can’t kill any time by playing cards．
有这么多工作要做，我们没有时间打扑克。
5）with＋名词／代词＋-ing形式，-ing形式表示主动或动作正在进行。
With a boy leading the way, they started towards the village．
由一个男孩带路，他们朝那个村子走去。
6） with＋名词／代词＋过去分词，过去分词表示被动或动作已经完成。
With the problems settled, we all felt very happy．
问题解决了，我们都感到很高兴。
7）with＋名词／代词＋名词
China is a great country, with its capital Beijing.
中国是一个伟大的国家，首都是北京。
8. 结构：主+谓语+ it +宾补+真正宾语
I found it pleasant to be with your family.
We think it out duty that we should help the poor.
在复合宾语中，宾语通常为名词或代词，但有时也可以用不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）或that从句来充当。这时，应使用先行it代替宾语，而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部，如：
I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings.
Do you consider it any good trying again?
We all thought it a pity that you couldn’t join us.
注意：在这种结构中，宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词；常用于这种结构的动词有： feel, find, think, make, take, judge, consider 等。
宾语补足语专项练习
一、单项选择：
1. The missing boy was last seen ____ near the river.
A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play
2. I feel ____ unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
A. that B. how C. it D. what
3. It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
A. put away B. kept up C. given away D. laid up
4. He slipped into the room, without himself ____.
A. seen B. being seen C. seeing D. to see
5. He found the street much ____.
A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdly
6. I think ___ necessary to learn English well.
A. its B. it C. that D. that is
7. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
8. You can’t have the horse _____ all the way. It’s too hot.
A. run B. to run C. running D. to be running
9. When I came back, I found the house _____ and everything _____.
A. was broken; took away B. broken into; taken away
C. had been broken; taken D. break into; take away
10. I heard that you were elected _____ this time.
A. monitor B. the monitor C. a monitor D. my monitor
11. When I came back, I found nobody ___. It was empty.
A. on B. out C. in D. away
12. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself ______.
A. hear B. to hear C. hearing D. heard
13. For a time his grandmother found _____ accept his new idea.
A. hard B. it hard C. it hard to D. it is hard to
14. Tell him _____ the window.
A. to shut not B. not to shut C. to not shut D. not shut
15. ----There’s a hole in your bag. ---- I know, I’m going to have it _____.
A. mend B. mending C. mended D. to be mended
16. Though he had often made his little sister ____, today he was made ____ by his little sister.
A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry
17. They would not allow him _____ across the enemy line.
A. to risk going B. risking to go C. for risk to go D. risk going
18. I found the door _____ when I got home.
A. opened B. close C. unlocking D. open
19. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ___.
A. not to B. not to do C. not do D. do not to
20. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise____.
A. going on B. goes on C. went on D. to go on
21. With a lot of difficult problems_____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
22. I advised _____ at once.
A. him to starting B. him to start C. to starting D. to start
23. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still ____.
A. beat B. to be beating C. beating D. was beating
24. You had better get a doctor _____ your bad tooth.
A. pull out B. to pull out C. pulled out D. pulling out
25. He managed to make himself____ with his____ English.
A. understand; breaking B. understand; broken C. understood; breaking D. understood; broken
二、单句改错：
1. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn’t make himself understand.
2. We all elected Jason the monitor.
3. The teacher asked us not make so much noise.
4. --- What a nice fire you have in your fireplace!
--- During the winter I like my house warmly and comfortable.
5. Don’t leave the water run while you brush your teeth.
6. He pushed the door opening.
7. She looked around and caught a man put his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
8. With a lot of difficult problems settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
9. When I came in, I found a boy hide behind the door.
10. I really don’t know what to do if you always keep your eyes fixing upon me.
三、句子翻译：
1. 他告诉我要尽快完成作业。
2. 课后他们被允许在教师里讲话。
3. 医生劝我爸爸戒烟，吸烟对身体不好。
4. 有人听到他们唱了一首歌。
5. 他们给那个男孩取名为查理。
6. 我们看见学生们在打篮球。
7. 我觉得很奇怪竟然没有人能回答这个问题。
8. 你会发现这幅地图对你游览英国是很有价值的。
编印：屠小平
参考答案：
单项选择： 1-5 ACABC 6-10 BBCBA 11-15 CDCBC
16-20 AADAA 21-25 CBCBD
单句改错：1. understand-understood 2. the去掉 3. not后加to 4. warmly-warm
5. run-running 6. opening-open 7. put-putting 8. settle前加to 9. hide-hidden
10. fixing-fixed
翻译句子：
1. He told me to finish my homework as soon as possible.
2. They are allowed to talk in the classroom after class.
3. The doctor advised my father to stop smoking, it was harmful to health.
4. They were heard to sing a song.
5. they named that boy Charlie.
6. we saw the pupils playing basketball.
7. I found it strange that no one could answer the question.
8. you’ll find this map of great value in helping you to go round Britain.
责任编辑：李芳芳