高二牛津39期B3版（读写空间）
教材：牛津高二模块8Unit two 省略
Formulas [寻规找矩]：
【考点导航】
1. --- When do we need to pay the balance?
--- ________ September 30. (2006北京卷22)
A. In B. By C. During D. Within
2. ---Where did you get to know her?
---It was on the farm ______ we worked. (2007山东卷)
A. that B. there C. which D. where
3. ---What did your parents think about your decision?
---They always let me do_____ I think I should. （2006全国Ⅱ）
A. when B. that C. how D. what
【答案与解析】
1. B。 对话的第二句是个省略句，单凭这句不容易看出句子结构，容易误选。所以答题时，要先补全句子。根据对话的第一句，补全后的回答应为“we need to pay the balance_____ September 30”。很显然，四个选项中，只有B是正确的。
2. D。该题考查强调句式的省略形式。显然we worked是定语从句修饰the farm。若考生对该句句子结构分辨不清，就容易误选A项，以为是强调句式。本句的完整形式为：It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.这个强调句省略了强调部分（即原句中的主谓语）。
3. D。该题的答语是一个省略句，should后为了避免重复省略了动词do，由此可知宾语从句中缺少宾语，所以选what。
答题技巧：补全答语省略的成分，然后再去解题，是这一类型题目解题的关键之所在。
【重点归纳】
为了避免重复 , 使语言简练紧凑 , 在不损害结构或引起误解的原则下 , 往往省去一个或多个句子成分或词语，这样的句子叫省略句。现将“省略”的几个方面重点归纳如下：
1. 简单句中的省略：
在对话中，交谈双方都知道谈论的对象，则可以省略句子的主语，省略主语和谓语的现象在交际用语中出现的很多。
（1）Looks like rain. （2）Hope to hear from you soon.
（3）Sounds like a good idea. （4）Beg your pardon.
（5）Feeling better today? （6）This way, please.
（7）Sorry to hear that. （8）Doesn’t matter.
（9）Terrible weather!
2. 并列句中的省略：
在并列句中，相同的成分如主语，谓语，宾语等都可以省略：
（1）They learn French and we English.
（2）My father planned and built all these houses.
（3）John won the first race and Jimmy the second.
（4）Coral is not a plant but a variety of animal life.
3. 复合句中的省略：
定语从句：
（1）That’s the reason he is late for the conference.
（2）I don’t like the way he talks.
状语从句：
（1）If heated, water will boil.
（2）Tom was attacked by cramp while swimming across the river.
（3）We’ll go to help you if necessary.
（4）Had I time, I would come.
（5）I’ll go, should it be necessary.
（6）The captain can find a boat quicker than we can.
宾语从句：如果宾语从句中的谓语部分与主句的谓语部分或上文的谓语部分相同，可将从句部分的谓语省略。
（1）We will do what we can（do）to help you.
（2）-Is Mr. King in his office?
-Sorry, I don’t know（whether he is in his office or not）.
4. 动词不定式的省略：在动词不定式结构中，为了避免重复，常常省略不定式结构中的动词原形，只保留to。
（1）-Would you like to go with us ?
-I’m glad to, but I have to finish my homework.
（2）Don’t tell me the name of the sailor if you don’t want to.
（3）-Have you ever been to the seaside?
-No, we can’t afford to.
在used to, ought to, have to, would like/love to, wish to, be going to等结构中，常常省略to后面的动词原形。
（1）They do not visit their parents as much as they ought to.
（2）He doesn’t get up early as he used to.
（3）I’ll hand it in if I have to.
（4）-Would you like to come tonight ?
-I’d love to.
tell , warn , order , advise , ask等动词的宾语后面接动词不定式做宾语补足语时，可以省略to后面的动词原形。
（1）He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him not to.
（2）The boy wanted to play football in the street, but his mother told him not to.
【难点点拨】
省略句在每年的高考中，虽然考的不是很多，但考到的基本都是陷阱题，因而考生错误率较高。现在就某些难点做针对性辅导：
不定式的省略
1. 使役动词let, make, have及感官动词see, watch , hear, notice, observe, feel. Look at, listen to 等后面作宾语补足的不定式要省去to, 但在被动句时应加上to
如：a) I saw the boy fall from the tree. →The boy was seen to fall from the tree.
2. 有时为了避免重复，表达相同意思的不定式符号to后的内容常承前省略，而只是保持不定式的符号 to. 常见的有三种情况：
① 系动词（be）+ adj , 常见的形容词有：afraid, ready, glad, happy, willing…
---Could you go shopping with me? ---- I am glad to. (go shopping with you)
②mean, try, want, afford, decide, refuse, wish, like, need, would like, would love …等后面接不定式作宾语时，省略作宾语的不定式。只保留不定式符号 to , 但如果该宾语是动词 be 或完成时态的不定式时，则须在 to 后加上be 或 have
如： ---Are you going there? ----Yes, I’d like to (go there).
---Are you an engineer? ----No, but I want to be.
③tell, warn, order, advise, ask, expect,等动词后接不定式作宾补时常省略不定式的宾语补足语。
如：The students want to enter the lab, but the monitor advises them not to.(enter the lab)
④ 两个或两个以上的动词不定式并列在一起由and / or 连接时, 第一个不定式带to, 后面的不定式可省去to. 但如表示对比（照）等，则不省 to.
如：Her job is to take care of the children and (to) wash clothes.
It’s better to laugh than to cry.
⑤ 主 ( 宾 ) 语补足语中的 to be 往往省略。
如 He was thought 〈 to be 〉 the cleverest boy in the group.
大家认为他在小组中最聪明。
⑥.特殊结构中的省略
Would sooner, had better, do nothing but, have nothing to do but, there’s nothing to do but, can’t help but, rather than 等后不定式符号 to 常省略。
如：a) He would sooner die than surrender.
b) I’d rather look after the baby than wash dishes.
⑦. 主语部分有一个表“做”的 do 的各种形式时，表语不定式常省 “to”
如：What I really want to do is (to) go to the cinema.
从句中的省略
1. 状语从句
在时间、地点、让步、方式、条件状语从句中 , 如果主语与主句主语一致 , 或者主语是 it. 那么动词 be 及其主语通常可省略,从而构成 "v-ing/v-ed/ 形容 词 / 介词 / 副词 " 结构。常见的有以下几种 :
(1) 时间状语从句 :Be careful when (you are)crossing the street.
(2) 条件状语从句 :He won't go to the party unless (he is)invited.
(3) 比较状语从句 :Country music today remains much the same as(it was)before.
(4) 让步状语从句 :Whether (it is) right or wrong, his opinion should be paid attention to.
注意 :though, as 引导让步状语从句时,通常从句要倒装。从句倒装时, 如果从句的表语是可数名词单数, 将名词提前时,名词前面的冠词a/an 须省略。
例: Child as/though he is, he knows much about the society.
=Though he is a child, he knows much about the society.
注意: 有些由 if 构成的省略结构 , 已属固定短语 , 如 if any, if necessary, if possible, if not, if so 等。例：a) If necessary, ring me at home.
b) He may be busy’ If so, I'll call later. If not, can I see him now?
2. 修饰名词way 的限制性定语从句常省略in which 或 that
如： Is this way you talk to your parents?
3. 强调句为 It is/was…that…, 当强调疑问句时, that常可省略。
如： Why was it (that) you were ten minutes late?
虚拟语气中的省略
在虚拟语气中, 含有 if 的虚拟条件句可省去 if 而把助动词 had, should, were 提到句首构成倒装。例:Had you been more careful, such spelling mistakes might have been avoided.
注意 : 若条件句为 .否定句 , 否定词 not 应在主语之后 , 而不能与 were, should, had 等缩略成 weren't shouldn't, hadn't 而至于句首。
例: ________for the free ticket, I would not have gone to the films so often.
A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If there were
分析 :A 项不是虚拟语气结构。 B 项是跟现在事实相反的虚拟条件句。 D 项是跟将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。从题干的后一句可以看出 I would not have gone to …是跟过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 , 故答案为 C 。译为 : 要不是因为票是免费的 , 我也就不会经常去看电影了。
语境省略
语境省略指在一定的语言环境中,为了表达的简洁可省略一些大家都知道的信息。有时命题者巧妙运用省略手段而为考生设置语境省略陷阱。
例：Bob has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has_______IQ.
A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest
分析 : 本题答案选 B 。本题实际上是Bob has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has a higher IQ than him的省咯。本句意为:Bob 很聪明 , 实际上我怀疑班上没有哪个人比他智商更高。
Grammar Work [语法专练]：
一、补全句子（请将省略的部分写出来）
1. -What does he want to eat?
-______ ______ ______ ______ some rice and vegetables.
2. ______ ______ ______ pity you couldn’t come.
3. Anything ______ I can do for you?
4. I don’t like the way ______ ______ you talk to your mother.
5. They won’t go to their director’s birthday party unless ______ ______ invited.
1. He wants to eat 2. It is a 3. that 4. in which 5. they are
二、翻译句子（请将下列英语翻成汉语）
1. 汤姆想和他的朋友在大街上踢足球，但是他的爸爸告诉他不可以的。
2. ---你认为什么使这个女孩如此高兴？---收到一条漂亮的项链使她高兴的。
3. 假如可能的话，我将会帮助你工作的。
4. ---你现在是一个志愿者吗？---不，但我曾经是。去年我为城市运动会工作。
5. ---你认为杰克这个周末回去看一场足球赛吗？---我相信他不会去看的。
1. Tom wanted to play football with his friends in the street, but his father told him not to 2. -What do you think made the girl so glad? -Receiving a beautiful necklace.
3. If possible，I will help you with your work.
4. -Are you a volunteer now?-No, but I used to be. I worked for the City Sports Meeting last year.
5. -Do you think Jack is going to watch a football match this weekend? -I believe not.
Grammar Quiz[语法小测]:
小试牛刀（省略句专练）
1. -He hasn’t gone to the office up to now.
-Well, he_____.
A．should B．ought to C．ought to have D．ought to go
2. -The war is very likely to break out in the near future.
-I_____，if the situation goes as it is.
A．hope so B．hope not C．am afraid not D．am afraid so
3. - How are you getting on with your work?
- Oh, I’m sorry. Things aren’t going so well as _____.
A. plans B. planned C. planning D. to plan
4. -Are you a teacher?
-No, but I _____. I worked in a middle school for three years.
A. am B. will C. do D. was
5. -How many poor counties will there be in our province by 2010?
-There will be only a few, if _____.
A. any B. some C. many D. much
6. -Why didn’t you come to Mike’s birthday party yesterday?
-Well, I_____, but I forgot it.
A. should B. should have C. must D. must have
7. Doctors have said that as many as 50% of patients don’t take medicine _____.
A. like directed B. to be directed C. as directed D. so that directed
8. _______ green, the door might look more beautiful.
A. You painted B. If painted C. To paint D. Have it painted
9. I told him to sit down and_______ for a moment.
A. waits B. waited C. wait D. waiting
10. My father is a doctor and my mother________.
A. a nurse B. nurse C. be a nurse D .is nurse
1-10 CDBDABCBCA
责任编辑：李芳芳