主谓一致中的“表里不一”现象 (中学英语教学论文)

发布时间:2017-11-23 编辑:互联网 手机版

和主语必须在人称和数上保持一致,最基本的原则是:单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词。但在实际使用当中情况比较复杂,现在笔者把在教学中学生常犯的主谓一致错误归纳整理如下,以期对同学们的学习有所帮助。

1、“more than one +名词”作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。例如:

More than one teacher gets the flowers. 不止一个教师得到了花。

2、“many a +名词”作主语时,从意义上看是复数,但谓语动词常用单数。例如:Many a student has been sent to plant trees. 很多学生被派去植树。

3、“half of,the rest of,most of,all of及百分数或分数+of 等后接名词”作主语时,谓语动词形式根据of后的名词而定。例如:

Three fourths of the surface of the Earth is covered with water. 地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖。

4、all指人时,动词用复数;all指物时,动词用单数。例如:

“All are present and all is going well”,our manager said. 我们经理说:“所有人全部到场了,一切进展顺利。”

5、what引导的主语从句,谓语动词可视表语而定:表语是单数名词时,动词用单数,相反,则用复数。例如:

What they want to get is a number of good books. 他们想得到的是大量的好书。

6、and连接的两个单数名词前若用each、every、no修饰,该名词短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:

No book and no pen is found in the schoolbag. 书包里没有书和钢笔。

7、当主语后面有as well as,with,along with,together with,but,like,rather than,except等引导的短语时,谓语动词要与最前面的主语保持一致。例如:

My father as well as his workmates has been to Beijing. 我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。

8、each作主语的同位语时, 谓语动词由主语来决定,与each无关。例如:

They each have a bike. 他们每人有一辆自行车。

9、动词不定式、动词-ing形式短语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。例如:

Going out for a walk after supper is a good habit. 晚饭后出去散步是一个好习惯。

10、the following 作主语时,谓语动词的数与后面名词的数保持一致。例如:

The following are some good examples. 下面是一些好例子。

11、以-ics结尾的学科名词,如politics,physics,mathematics等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。以-s结尾的名词news,works,plastics等同属此类。例如:

Politics is now taught in all schools. 现在各学校都开设政治课。

12、有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数(trousers,glasses,shoes等)作主语时,前面若有“一条”、“一副”、“一把”之类的单位词,动词用单数;若没有单位词或单位词是复数,则谓语动词用复数。例如:

The shoes are all right. 这些鞋子都很合适。

13、“one and a half +名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数。例如:

One and a half apples is left on the table. 桌子上有一个半苹果。

14、“one or two/more +复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例如:

One or two persons are sent there to help them do the work. 要派一两个人到那儿去给他们帮忙。

15、“one of +复数名词+ 定语从句”结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数;而在“the only one of +复数名词+定语从句”的结构中,定语从句的谓语动词要用单数。例如:

He is one of the students who get there on time. 他是准时到达那里的学生之一。

16、表示时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词作主语表达一个整体概念时,谓语动词常用单数,但若强调数量,谓语动词可用复数。例如:

One million dollars is a lot of money. 一百万美元是一大笔钱。

(小周)