前置修饰语的词序用法 (中学英语教学论文)

发布时间:2016-1-9 编辑:互联网 手机版

这里所指的修饰语包括限定词和形容词。近年来考查限定词和形容词作定语是高考的热点,同时也是难点。笔者现对此作些探就:

一、属于同一层次的修饰语的顺序:

1、中心名词前多个限定词的排列顺序:

首先要弄清楚什么叫限定词。限定词是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指、类指以及表示确定数量和非确定数量等限定作用的词类。限定词包括:

① 冠词a, an, the

② 物主代词my, your, his, her, our, your, their, one’s, its

③ 名词所有格John’s, my friend’s

④ 指示代词this, that, these, those, such

⑤ 关系代词whose, which

⑥ 疑问代词what, which, whose

⑦ 不定代词no, some, any, each, every, enough, either, neither, all, both, half, several, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, other, another

⑧ 基数词和序数词

⑨ 倍数词和分数词

⑩ 量词a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great / good deal of, a large / small amount / quantity of, a great / large / good number of等

有时我们会碰到有好多个限定词来修饰同一个名词或词组,试选择:

例1:Tony is going camping with ___ boys.(MET1993)

A.little two other B.two little other C.two other little D.little other two

例2: -How was your recent visit to Qingdao?

-It was great. We visited some friends and spent the ___ days at the seaside.(NMET1995)

A.few last sunny B.last few sunny C.last sunny few D.few sunny last

显然,要对以上两道题目作出正确选择,我们必须搞清多个限定词的先后排列顺序问题。按其不同的搭配位置,限定词可分为:

① 中位限定词:冠词a, an, the; 指示代词this, that, those; 物主代词my, your, etc.;名词所有格Mary’s, my friend’s; 不定代词 some, any, no, every, each, either, neither, enough; 疑问代词或关系代词what(ever), which(ever), whose 等

② 前位限定词:不定代词all, both, half; 倍数词double, twice, three times, etc.; 疑问代词what, 指示代词such (a / an)等

③ 后位限定词:基数词one, two, three, etc.;序数词 first, second, third, etc.; next, last, other, another, etc.;不定代词 many, much, (a) few, (a) little, fewer, (the) fewest, less, (the ) least, more, most; 量词several, plenty of, a lot of, lots of, a great / large / good number of, a great/good deal of, a large/ small amount of; such等

以上三类限定词的搭配关系总是按照“前位--中位--后位”的顺序排列。如:1)all the four teachers

前 中 后

2)all your three books

前 中 后

3)all these last few days

前 中 后 后

4)all other students

前 后

5)such a misfortune

前 中

6)some such alloy

中 后

由上述诸例可以看出,中位限定词之间和前位限定词之间是互相排斥的,即一个名词中心词之前不可并用两个中位限定词或两个前位限定词。因此,“我的那本书”不是my that book 而是that book of mine,因为my和that 都是中位限定词,不可同时并列。但后位限定词的使用却不受此限制,多个后位限定词可以连用,其排序前后要根据其与中心名词的紧密程度来确定。因此上述两题的答案为:例1选C, 例2选B

个别限定词有跨类现象,如such既属于前位限定词,又可归入后位限定词。当与冠词a, an连用时属于前位限定词如上述5),当与some, any, no, all, few, another, other, many, one, two, etc.搭配时属于后位限定词,即such 要放在这些词的后面如上述6)。

2、中心名词前多个形容词的排列顺序:

作为前置修饰语,形容词在名词词组中的位置总是在限定词之后。如:It was a rainy day.如果有几个属于同一层次的形容词出现在名词中心词之前,通常要用逗号隔开,一般的词序是较长的形容词,列于最后。如:It was a rainy, windy, freezing day. 在这样的结构中,如果出现程度副词,可根据说话人的意图放置。如:

1) It was a rather rainy, windy, freezing day.

2) It was a windy, rainy, thoroughly freezing day.

二、属于不同层次的修饰语的顺序:

当名词中心词之前出现几个属于不同层次的修饰语时,一般按照下列词序排列:限定词→表示说话人评价的形容词→表示大小、形状(长短 、高低)、新旧的形容词→表示颜色的形容词→表示国别、来源、材料的形容词→表示用途或目的的形容词或分词、名词等类别的词→名词中心词。如:

the English church

中 国别

the old English church

中 旧 国别

the charming old English church

中 评价 旧 国别

the town’s charming old English church

中 评价 旧 国别

a well-known German medical school

中 评价 国别 类别

the man’s first two interesting little red French oil paintings

中 后 后 评价 小 颜色 国别 类别

巩固练习:

1.What a ___ watch she wears!

A.small golden splendid B. small splendid golden

C.golden small splendid D. splendid small golden

2.A ___ girl showed the visitors around the factory.

A.tall pretty well-mannered B.pretty well-mannered tall

C.tall well-mannered pretty D.well-mannered pretty tall

3. -Are you free today?

-No. I have ___ to write this morning.

A.two another letters B.two more letters

C.other two letters D.the two other letters

4.I own $ 1,000 while the furniture is worth $ 2,000. That is, it will cost ___.

A.half my money B.my half money

C.double my money D.my double money

5.Mr Brown has just bought___necklace.

A.a new beautiful and very expensive B.a beautiful new and very expensive

C.a new very expensive and beautiful D.a very new and beautiful expensive

6.What __ girl Rose is!

A.an English lovely little B.an English little lovely

C.a lovely little English D.a little lovely English

7.That is the first ___ bridge

A.beautiful white little Chinese stone

B.beautiful little white Chinese stone

C. beautiful white little stone Chinese

D. beautiful little white Chinese stone

Key:1-7 DBBCACB

(小周)