作者：张雪云
在中考试题中,“单项填空”已成为一种必考题型,由于它考查的重点是学过的语法知识和运用知识的能力,所以有不少同学在做这种题时,顾此失彼,得分不高。那么,如何提高解答这种题型的能力呢?这里向同学们介绍几种方法。
一、读懂全句,首尾照应。
例:You'd better ________ your English book with you when you come tomorrow.
A. take B. to take
C. bring D. to bring
有的同学由于受习惯的影响,刚看完了题干的前半部分,就想到了had better do sth.这一句型,于是就匆忙地选了A做答案。如果你将句子读完,把全句译为汉语:“你明天来的时候,最好把英语书带来。”全句读懂了,根据句意你就会排除A,而选C为答案了。
二、注意习惯用语,看清句意。
例1:I enjoy ________ in China very much.
A. live B. living
C. to live D. to be living
例2:―Hello, may I speak to Li Mei? ―Yes, ________ .
A. my name is Li Mei
B. I'm Li Mei
C. this is Li Mei speaking
D. Li Mei's my name
依据习惯用法,enjoy, finish等动词后跟(动)名词作宾语,而不能跟不定式,因而例1的正确答案为B。
例2根据所给的情景,我们可以看出这是打电话的开头语。按照打电话的习惯用语,此题应补上自我介绍的答语。故答案应选C。
三、排除干扰,认真分析。
答题时一定要认真审题,排除干扰,不要只根据表面形式,而轻易地选取答案。要仔细分析整个句子所要表达的真正内容,对答案进行逐个筛选,直到找出正确答案。
例:She was going to arrive in Shenyang ________ Tuesday, but she didn't reach Jinzhou ________ Wednesday.
A. on, on B. in, before
C. in, after D. on, until
有些同学一看题目就立刻选A做答案,其实只要我们具体分析一下,就不难看出后半句是not...until句式,所以此题答案应选D。
对于“单项填空”题应从习惯用语、固定句式、句意、语境、语法等方面进行推理、排除、选择。
总之,以上三种方法只是抛砖引玉,同学们在平时学习中应注意掌握语言基础知识和培养综合运用语言知识的能力,把主要精力放在语法知识的重点项目和我们学习中的难点,即容易忽视和混淆的地方。同时,用适当的精选练习题进行强化、检测和总结,那么“单项填空”题就会化难为易了。
例析:
1. The weather in China is different ________that in New Zealand.
A. to B. with C. from D. for
从句意可知该句考察习惯用语be different from“和……不同”,其它三个介词和different搭配都不恰当,因此答案应选C。
2. It took us two years ________ the house.
A. build B. built C. building D. to build
该题考查对固定句式It takes sb. some time to do sth.的掌握程度,答案应选D。
3. There isn’t ________ in today’s newspaper.
A. anything new B. new anything
C. something new D. new something
该句为否定句,C、D不能用在该句中,应先排除;形容词修饰复合不定代词,定语要后置,所以B也应排除,余下的A是正确答案。
4. We’ll go to the Great Wall if it ________ tomorrow.
A. won’t rain B. isn’t going to rain C. don’t rain D. doesn’t rain
因主句是一般将来时,if引导的条件状语从句要用一般现在时,便可把A和B排除,又因从句主语it是第三人称单数,从主谓一致考虑C不成立,故只有D是正确答案。
5. It takes ________ to go to Mongolia by air than by train.
A. more time B. much time C. little time D. less time
通读全句,见到表示比较的连词“than”,便知句意“坐飞机比坐火车花时间少”,因此答案应选D。
练习题:选择正确答案填空。
1. Don’t do that, ________ ?
A. can’t you B. will you C. won’t you D. can you
2. Could you tell me ________ ?
A. where is she B. she is where C. is she where D. where she is
3. He pointed to the building and said that ________ in Hong Kong.
A. that house was the oldest B. those house was the oldest
C. these houses were the oldest D. these house was the oldest
4. You can go home when your homework ________ .
A. will do B. is done C. will be done D. is going to be done
KEY: BDAB